Astacidea

Superregnum: Eukaryota
Cladus: Unikonta
Cladus: Opisthokonta
Cladus: Holozoa
Regnum: Animalia
Subregnum: Eumetazoa
Cladus: Bilateria
Cladus: Nephrozoa
Cladus: Protostomia
Cladus: Ecdysozoa
Cladus: Panarthropoda
Phylum: Arthropoda
Subphylum: Crustacea
Superclassis: Multicrustacea
Classis: Malacostraca
Subclassis: Eumalacostraca
Superordo: Eucarida
Ordo: Decapoda
Subordo: Pleocyemata
Infraordo: Astacidea
Superfamiliae: Astacoidea - Enoplometopoidea - Glypheoidea - Nephropoidea - Parastacoidea

Name

Astacidea Latreille, 1802
References

Webber, W.R. et al. 2010: [Chapter] EIGHT Phylum ARTHROPODA SUBPHYLUM CRUSTACEA shrimps, crabs, lobsters, barnacles, slaters, and kin. Pp. 98-232 in Gordon, D.P. (ed.): New Zealand inventory of biodiversity. Volume 2. Kingdom Animalia. Chaetognatha, Ecdysozoa, ichnofossils. Canterbury University Press, Christchurch, New Zealand. ISBN 978-1-87725793-3

Vernacular names
中文: 螯虾下目

Astacidea is an infraorder of decapod crustaceans including lobsters (though not "lobsters" such as the spiny lobster etc.), crayfish, and their close relatives.
Description

The Astacidea are distinguished from most other decapods by the presence of chelae (claws) on each of the first three pairs of pereiopods (walking legs), the first of which is much larger than the remaining two pairs.[1] The last two pairs of pereiopods are simple (without claws), except in Thaumastocheles, where the fifth pereiopod may have "a minute pincer".[2]
Distribution

Members of the infraorder Astacidea are found throughout the world – both in the oceans and in fresh water – except for mainland Africa and parts of Asia.[3]
Classification

Astacidea belongs to the group Reptantia, which consists of the walking/crawling decapods (lobsters and crabs).[4] Astacidea is the sister clade to the infraorder Polychelida, a small group of crustaceans restricted to deep waters. The cladogram below shows Astacidea's placement within the larger order Decapoda, from analysis by Wolfe et al., 2019.[5]

Decapoda

Dendrobranchiata (prawns) Pleocyemata Stenopodidea (boxer shrimp) Procarididea Caridea (true shrimp) Reptantia (crawling/walking decapods) Achelata (spiny lobsters, slipper lobsters) Polychelida (benthic crustaceans) Astacidea (lobsters, crayfish) Axiidea (mud shrimp, ghost shrimp, or burrowing shrimp) Gebiidea (mud lobsters and mud shrimp) Anomura (hermit crabs and others) Brachyura (crabs)

The infraorder Astacidea comprises five extant superfamilies, two of crayfish (Astacoidea and Parastacoidea), one of true lobsters (Nephropoidea), one of reef lobsters (the genus Enoplometopus), and a number of fossil taxa.[6] As of 2009, the group contains 782 recognised species, over 400 of which are in the crayfish family Cambaridae.[6] The members of the infraorder Glypheidea (containing numerous fossils and the two extant species Neoglyphea inopinata and Laurentaeglyphea neocaledonica) were formerly included here.[1]

The cladogram below shows Astacidea's internal relationships and the early split between lobsters and crayfish:[5][7][8]

Astacidea	clawed lobsters Enoplometopoidea Enoplometopidae Nephropoidea Nephropidae crayfish Parastacoidea Parastacidae Astacoidea Cambaroididae Astacidae Cambaridae

Taxonomy

• Palaeopalaemonoidea †
• 1. Palaeopalaemonidae †
• Enoplometopoidea
• 1. Enoplometopidae
• 1. Uncinidae †
• Nephropoidea
• 1. Chilenophoberidae †
• 1. Nephropidae
• 1. Protastacidae †
• 1. Stenochiridae †
• Astacoidea^[7]
• 1. Astacidae
• 1. Cambaridae
• 1. Cambaroididae
• 1. Cricoidoscelosidae †
• Parastacoidea
• 1. Parastacidae

References

Gary Poore (2004). "Astacidea – scampi & crayfish". Marine Decapod Crustacea of Southern Australia: a Guide to Identification. CSIRO Publishing. pp. 159–167. ISBN 9780643099258.
Lipke Holthuis (1991). "Infraorder Astacidea Latreille, 1802". FAO species catalogue Vol. 13: Marine Lobsters of the World (PDF). Rome, Italy: Food and Agriculture Organization. pp. 19–86. ISBN 92-5-103027-8.
J. K. Lowry (October 2, 1999). "Astacidea (Decapoda, Eucarida, Malacostraca)". Crustacea, the Higher Taxa. Australian Museum. Archived from the original on July 5, 2008. Retrieved October 24, 2012.
Yeo, Darren; Cumberlidge, Neil; Klaus, Sebastian (2014). Advances in Freshwater Decapod Systematics and Biology. BRILL. ISBN 9789004207615.
Wolfe, Joanna M.; Breinholt, Jesse W.; Crandall, Keith A.; Lemmon, Alan R.; Lemmon, Emily Moriarty; Timm, Laura E.; Siddall, Mark E.; Bracken-Grissom, Heather D. (24 April 2019). "A phylogenomic framework, evolutionary timeline and genomic resources for comparative studies of decapod crustaceans". Proceedings of the Royal Society B. 286 (1901). doi:10.1098/rspb.2019.0079. PMC 6501934. PMID 31014217.
Sammy De Grave; N. Dean Pentcheff; Shane T. Ahyong; et al. (2009). "A classification of living and fossil genera of decapod crustaceans" (PDF). Raffles Bulletin of Zoology. Suppl. 21: 1–109.
Crandall, Keith A.; De Grave, Sammy (2017). "An updated classification of the freshwater crayfishes (Decapoda: Astacidea) of the world, with a complete species list". Journal of Crustacean Biology. 37 (5). doi:10.1093/jcbiol/rux070.
Heather D. Bracken-Grissom; Shane T. Ahyong; Richard D. Wilkinson; Rodney M. Feldmann; Carrie E. Schweitzer; Jesse W. Breinholt; Matthew Bendall; Ferran Palero; Tin-Yam Chan; Darryl L. Felder; Rafael Robles; Ka-Hou Chu; Ling-Ming Tsang; Dohyup Kim; Joel W. Martin; Keith A. Crandall (July 2014). "The Emergence of Lobsters: Phylogenetic Relationships, Morphological Evolution and Divergence Time Comparisons of an Ancient Group (Decapoda: Achelata, Astacidea, Glypheidea, Polychelida)". Systematic Biology. 63 (4): 457–479. doi:10.1093/sysbio/syu008. PMID 24562813.