Andrenidae

Superregnum: Eukaryota
Cladus: Unikonta
Cladus: Opisthokonta
Cladus: Holozoa
Regnum: Animalia
Subregnum: Eumetazoa
Cladus: Bilateria
Cladus: Nephrozoa
Cladus: Protostomia
Cladus: Ecdysozoa
Cladus: Panarthropoda
Phylum: Arthropoda
Subphylum: Hexapoda
Classis: Insecta
Cladus: Dicondylia
Subclassis: Pterygota
Cladus: Metapterygota
Infraclassis: Neoptera
Cladus: Eumetabola
Cladus: Endopterygota
Superordo: Hymenopterida
Ordo: Hymenoptera
Subordo: Apocrita
Superfamilia: Apoidea

Familia: Andrenidae
Subfamiliae: Alocandreninae - Andreninae - Oxaeinae - Panurginae
Overview of genera (49)

Acamptopoeum – Alocandrena – Ancylandrena – Andrena – Anthemurgus – Anthrenoides – Arhysosage – Austropanurgus – Avpanurgus – Belliturgula – Borgatomelissa – Calliopsis – Callonychium – Camptopoeum – Chaeturginus – Clavipanurgus – Euherbstia – Flavipanurgus – Flavomeliturgula – Gasparinahla – Khuzimelissa – Liphanthus – Litocalliopsis – Macrotera – Megandrena – Melitturga – Meliturgula – Mermiglossa – Mesoxaea – Neffapis – Nolanomelissa – Notoxaea – Orphana – Oxaea – Panurginus – Panurgus – Parapsaenythia – Parasarus – Perdita – Plesiopanurgus – Protandrena – Protomeliturga – Protoxaea – Psaenythia – Pseudopanurgus – Pseudosarus – Rhophitulus – Simpanurgus – Spinoliella

[source: Catalogue of Life: 2012 Annual Checklist]

Add (1): Psaenythisca
Name

Taxonavigation: Apoidea

Familia: Andrenidae
Latreille, 1802
References

Engel, M.S., Aqarni, A.S., Shebl, M.A. & Thomas, J.C. 2019. New genera of meliturguline bees from Saudi Arabia and Persia, with notes on related genera and a key to the Arabian fauna (Hymenoptera: Andrenidae). Journal of Hymenoptera Research, 69: 1–21. DOI: 10.3897/jhr.69.32561 Reference page.
Patiny, S., 1999: Etude phylogénétique des Panurginae de l'ancien monde (Hymenoptera: Andrenidae). Linzer biol. Beitr. 31 (1): 249–275. Full Article: [1].

Vernacular names
English: Andrenid Bees
日本語: ヒメハナバチ科

The Andrenidae (commonly known as mining bees) are a large, nearly cosmopolitan family of solitary, ground-nesting bees. Most of the family's diversity is located in temperate or arid areas (warm temperate xeric). It includes some enormous genera (e.g., Andrena with over 1300 species, and Perdita with over 700). One of the subfamilies, Oxaeinae, is so different in appearance that they were typically accorded family status, but careful phylogenetic analysis reveals them to be an offshoot within the Andrenidae, very close to the Andreninae.[1]

Description

The Andrenidae are typically small to moderate-sized bees, which often have scopae on the basal segments of the leg in addition to the tibia, and are commonly oligolectic (especially within the subfamily Panurginae). They can be separated from other bee families by the presence of two subantennal sutures on the face, a primitive trait shared with the sphecoid wasps. Many groups also have depressions or grooves called "foveae" on the head near the upper margin of the eyes, another feature seen in sphecoids, and also shared by some Colletidae. Andrenids are among the few bee families that have no cleptoparasites. The family contains a very large number of taxa, especially among the Panurginae, whose sting apparatus is so reduced that they are effectively unable to sting.[1]

The subfamily Oxaeinae is rather different in appearance from the other subfamilies, being large, fast-flying bees with large eyes, resembling some of the larger Colletidae.[1]

The Andrenidae are known from the Eocene-Oligocene boundary, around 34 Mya, of the Florissant shale.[2]
"Nocturnal" species

The Andrenidae are one of the four bee families that contain some crepuscular species; these species are active only at dusk or in the early evening, and therefore technically considered "vespertine". In the Andrenidae, such species occur primarily in the subfamily Panurginae. These bees, as is typical in such cases, have greatly enlarged ocelli, though one crepuscular subgenus of Andrena has normal ocelli. The other families with some crepuscular species are Halictidae, Colletidae, and Apidae.[1]
References

C. D. Michener (2007) The Bees of the World, 2nd Edition, Johns Hopkins University Press.
Dewulf, Alexandre; De Meulemeester, Thibaut; Dehon, Manuel; Engel, Michael S.; Michez, Denis (2014). "A new interpretation of the bee fossil Melitta willardi Cockerell (Hymenoptera, Melittidae) based on geometric morphometrics of the wing". ZooKeys (389): 35–48. doi:10.3897/zookeys.389.7076. PMC 3974431. PMID 24715773.