Callophrys sheridanii

Callophrys sheridanii (*)

Superregnum: Eukaryota
Cladus: Unikonta
Cladus: Opisthokonta
Cladus: Holozoa
Regnum: Animalia
Subregnum: Eumetazoa
Cladus: Bilateria
Cladus: Nephrozoa
Cladus: Protostomia
Cladus: Ecdysozoa
Cladus: Panarthropoda
Phylum: Arthropoda
Subphylum: Hexapoda
Classis: Insecta
Cladus: Dicondylia
Subclassis: Pterygota
Cladus: Metapterygota
Infraclassis: Neoptera
Cladus: Eumetabola
Cladus: Endopterygota
Superordo: Panorpida
Cladus: Amphiesmenoptera
Ordo: Lepidoptera
Subordo: Glossata
Cladus: Coelolepida
Cladus: Myoglossata
Cladus: Neolepidoptera
Infraordo: Heteroneura
Cladus: Eulepidoptera
Cladus: Ditrysia
Cladus: Apoditrysia
Cladus: Obtectomera
Superfamilia: Papilionoidea

Familia: Lycaenidae
Subfamilia: Theclinae
Tribus: Eumaeini
Genus: Callophrys
Subgenus: Callophrys
Species: Callophrys sheridanii
Subspecies: (9)
C. s. comstocki – C. s. interrupta – C. s. lemberti – C. s. neoperplexa – C. s. newcomeri – C. s. paradoxa – C. s. pseudodumetorum – C. s. sacramento – C. s. sheridanii
Name

Callophrys sheridanii (Edwards, W., 1877).

Type locality: USA, Wyoming, Big Horn Mountains, Sheridan.

Lectotype: CM designated by Brown, 1970 [previous type designations by Holland, 1939, and Clench, 1946 overruled].
Synonymy

Thecla sheridanii [= sheridonii] Edwards, 1877: 48, 88.
Callophrys sheridanii (Edwards); Dyar, 1903: 40.
Callophrys (Callophrys) sheridanii (Edwards); Pelham, 2008: 215.

References

Brown, F. M., 1969-70. The Types of Lycaenid butterflies Described by William Henry Edwards, 1 Lycaeninae, 2 Theclinae, Strymoninae, 3 Plebejinae. Transactions of the American Entomological Society 95: 161–179 [6 Jun 1969]; 96 (l): 19–77 [25 Mar 1970]; 96: 353–433 [17 Nov 1970]. Reference page.
Dyar, H. G. [1903]. A List of North American Lepidoptera and Key to the Literature of this Order of Insects. Bulletin of the United States National Museum 52: i–xix, 1–723. BHL. Reference page.
Edwards, W.H., 1877. Descriptions of new species of diurnal Lepidoptera found in North America. Field and Forest 3(5): 48, 86-89. Reference page.
ICZN 2012: OPINION 2291 (Case 3524) Thecla dumetorum Boisduval, 1852 (currently Callophrys dumetorum), proposed neotype; and Thecla sheridonii Carpenter, 1877 (currently C. sheridanii) (Lepidoptera, LYCAENIDAE): current usage and names conserved. Bulletin of zoological nomenclature, 69(1): 69–71. abstract only seen.
Pelham, J.P. 2008. Catalogue of the Butterflies of the United States and Canada. Journal of Research on the Lepidoptera 40: 1–672. Reference page.

Vernacular names
English: Sheridan's Hairstreak

Callophrys sheridanii, the Sheridan's hairstreak and Sheridan's green hairstreak, is a butterfly in the family Lycaenidae. It is found in North America along the south coast of British Columbia and parts of Nevada, Arizona, Saskatchewan, North Dakota, and New Mexico. In 2009, this species was adopted as the U.S. state butterfly for Wyoming.[3]

Description

This small, tail-less[4] butterfly has a wingspan of 20–24 millimetres (0.8–0.9 in).[1] The upperside is dark gray brown, with underside color ranging from a bright green to dark gray green. The lower part of the forewing is gray. Callophrys sheridanii has a white postmedian line of dots that may be straight or bulged out, and even reduced or absent. It is named for its characteristic straight, white line crossing the underside of both wings,[4] although this may be less distinct in specimens from southern British Columbia.[1][5]
Distribution

Although uncommon in Canada,[1] this species is found from southern Alberta east to British Columbia.[4][6] From British Columbia, the range extends south through Eastern Washington down to the Sierra Nevada of California. From Alberta, the species extends southward through the Rocky Mountains down to New Mexico.[1][4][6]
Range and habitat

Callophrys sheridanii remains within a range of approximately 6,000–10,000 feet (1,800–3,000 m), living in such environments as sagebrush scrub, dry, brushy hillsides in badlands, chaparral, woodlands, subalpine scree, open hillsides, and on canyon slopes and washes.[1][4][6][7][8]
Life history

Females have one brood between April and May.[4] They lay eggs singly on various species of wild buckwheat leaves. The eggs are flattened and hemispherical in shape, and very pale green in color. The larvae range from a green to pink color and feed on buckwheat.[4] The caterpillars are a light green to pink color, and are covered with bunches of short stiff pines. They have two rows of white spots running down the back. They eat the leaves, but some prefer to eat the flowers and young fruits. Chrysalids then hibernate.[1][6] In Washington, the caterpillars feed on sulphur umbrella plants (Eriogonum umbellatum).[1] In adulthood, males perch looking for female mates in depressions or gulch bottoms. The adults drink flower nectar.[6] They take flight between March and June,[1] with specimens from British Columbia flying from mid-April to late May, while specimens in Alberta flying mid-May until late June.[9]
Host plants

Callophrys sheridanii larvae and caterpillars feed on various species of wild buckwheat, including Eriogonum racemosum[1][10] and Eriogonum heracleoides.[11]
Subspecies

Callophrys sheridani sheridanii, white-lined Sheridan's hairstreak
Callophrys sheridani comstocki, desert Sheridan's hairstreak
Callophrys sheridani lemberti, alpine Sheridan's hairstreak[2]
Callophrys sheridani pseudodumetorum[12][13][14]
Callophrys sheridani newcomeri, whitelined green hairstreak[15] (occurs in southern British Columbia)[1]
Callophrys sheridani neoperplexa, Sheridan's green hairstreak[16] (occurs in southwestern Alberta)[1]

Similar species

All green hairstreaks appear very similar.[4]
Conservation status

Although quite rare in certain parts of its range, conservation is usually not required.[6]
See also

List of butterflies of North America

References

"Lycaenidae: Callophrys sheridanii (W. H. Edwards, 1877) - Sheridans hairstreak, Sheridans green hairstreak, Desert hairstreak, Alpine hairstreak, Desert green hairstreak, Callophrys comstocki". Discover Life. 1969-12-31. Retrieved 2010-08-02.
"Gossamer-wing Butterflies - Family Lycaenidae". Naba.org. Retrieved 2010-08-02.
"Wyoming State Butterfly, Sheridan's Green Hairstreak, (Callophrys sheridani) from". Netstate.com. Retrieved 2010-08-02.
"FieldGuides: Species Detail". eNature. Archived from the original on 2010-12-03. Retrieved 2010-08-02.
"Butterflies and Skippers of North America - Callophrys sheridani". Nearctica.com. Archived from the original on 2009-10-03. Retrieved 2010-08-02.
"Species Detail | Butterflies and Moths of North America". Butterfliesandmoths.org. Archived from the original on 2007-11-17. Retrieved 2010-08-02.
"Atlas of ND Butterflies - Callophrys sheridanii". Npwrc.usgs.gov. 2006-08-16. Retrieved 2010-08-02.
Ross A. Layberry, Peter W. Hall, and J. Donald Lafontaine (1998), The Butterflies of Canada, University of Toronto Press
http://www.discoverlife.org/mp/20q?search=Callophrys+sheridanii&guide=Butterflies&cl=US
"Butterflies listed for El Dorado County". floralore. Archived from the original on January 26, 2010. Retrieved 2010-08-02.
"Utah Butterfly photos, Sheridan's Green Hairstreak, male - Lycaenidae Callophrys sheridani neoperplexa, April 13, 2006 - Taylor's Canyon, Davis County, Utah". Wildutah.us. 2006-04-13. Retrieved 2010-08-02.
"Lycaenidae - Raising Butterflies-How to find and care for butterfly eggs and caterpillars". Raisingbutterflies.org. 1999-02-22. Retrieved 2010-08-02.
"National Atlas of the United States Map Server". Nationalatlas.gov. Archived from the original on 2010-08-19. Retrieved 2010-08-02.
"SF State Sierra Nevada Field campus". Sfsu.edu. Retrieved 2010-08-02.
"Fremont-Winema National Forests - Ecology". Fs.fed.us. 2006-07-19. Retrieved 2010-08-02.

"State of Utah Butterfly Checklist". Utah Bug Club. Archived from the original on 2010-09-25. Retrieved 2010-08-02.