Celaenorrhinus

Superregnum: Eukaryota
Regnum: Animalia
Subregnum: Eumetazoa
Cladus: Bilateria
Cladus: Nephrozoa
Cladus: Protostomia
Cladus: Ecdysozoa
Cladus: Panarthropoda
Phylum: Arthropoda
Subphylum: Hexapoda
Classis: Insecta
Cladus: Dicondylia
Subclassis: Pterygota
Cladus: Metapterygota
Infraclassis: Neoptera
Cladus: Eumetabola
Cladus: Endopterygota
Superordo: Panorpida
Cladus: Amphiesmenoptera
Ordo: Lepidoptera
Subordo: Glossata
Cladus: Coelolepida
Cladus: Myoglossata
Cladus: Neolepidoptera
Infraordo: Heteroneura
Cladus: Eulepidoptera
Cladus: Ditrysia
Cladus: Apoditrysia
Cladus: Obtectomera
Superfamilia: Papilionoidea

Familia: Hesperiidae
Subfamilia: Tagiadinae
Tribus: Celaenorrhinini
Genus: Celaenorrhinus
Species: C. aegiochus – C. ambareesa – C. ambra – C. anchialus – C. andamanicus – C. ankasa – C. asmara – C. aspersa – C. astrigera – C. aureus – C. badia – C. bakolo – C. bazilanus – C. beni – C. bettoni – C. bifurcus – C. bitjena – C. boadicea – C. buchananii – C. choui – C. chrysoglossa – C. consanguinea – C. cordeironis – C. cynapes – C. dargei – C. dhanada – C. disjunctus – C. eligius – C. ficulnea – C. flavocincta – C. fritzgaertneri – C. galenus – C. halconis – C. hecqui – C. homeyeri – C. horishanus – C. humbloti – C. illustris – C. illustroides – C. inaequalis – C. incestus – C. inexspectus – C. intermixtus – C. jao – C. kasai – C. kimboza – C. kivuensis – C. kuznetsovi – C. ladana – C. leona – C. leucocera – C. lourentis – C. macrostictus – C. maculosa – C. major – C. markus – C. meditrina – C. milleri – C. mokeezi – C. monartus – C. morena – C. munda – C. nigricans – C. nigropunctata – C. nimba – C. omeia – C. opalinus – C. orneates – C. oscula – C. ovalis – C. pahangensis – C. par – C. patula – C. perlustris – C. pero – C. phuongi – C. plagiatus – C. pooanus – C. proxima – C. pulomaya – C. putra – C. pyrrha – C. ratna – C. rubeho – C. ruficornis – C. rutilans – C. sagamase – C. sanjeensis – C. savia – C. selysi – C. shema – C. similis – C. soei – C. songoensis – C. spilothyrus – C. stallingsi – C. stola – C. subsimilis – C. sumitra – C. suthina – C. suzannae – C. syllius – C. taiwanus – C. tibetana – C. toro – C. treadawayi – C. tritonae – C. uluguru – C. vagra – C. victor – C. yaojiani – C. zanqua
Name

Celaenorrhinus Hübner, 1819

Type species: Papilio eligius Stoll, 1781
Synonyms

Ancistrocampta C.Felder & R.Felder, 1862, Wien ent. Monats. 6: 183. TS: Ancistrocampta syllius C. & R. Felder, 1862
Hantana Moore, 1881, Lepid. Ceylon 1 (4): 179. TS: Eudamus infernus Felder
Gehlota Doherty, 1889, J. asiat. Soc. Bengal (2) 58 (1): 131. TS: Plesioneura sumitra Moore
Narga Mabille, 1891, Bull. C. R. Soc. ent. Belg. 35: Ixx. TS: Narga chiriquensis Mabille
Orneates Godman & Salvin, 1894, Biol. centr.-amer., Lep. Rhop. 2: 345. TS: Eudamus aegiochus Hewitson
Charmion de Nicéville, 1894, J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal (II) 63 (1): 48. TS: Hesperia ficulnea Hewitson
Apallaga Strand, 1911, Ent. Rundsch. 28: 143. TS: Apallaga separata Strand

References

Bell, E.L. 1934. New Hesperiidae from Trinidad and Peru (Lepidoptera, Rhopalocera). American Museum novitates 745: 1–6. PDF. Reference page.
Berger, L.A. 1975: Celaenorrhinus nouveaux de l'Afrique noire (Lepidoptera-Hesperiidae). Lambillionea 75(1-2): 13–16. Reference page.
Devyatkin, A.L. 1998. Hesperiidae of Vietnam 3. A new species of Celaenorrhinus Hübner, 1819 from Vietnam, with revisional notes on the C. aurivittata (Moore, 1879) group (Lepidoptera: Hesperiidae). Neue Entomologische Nachrichten 41: 289–294. Reference page.
Devyatkin, A.L. 2000. Hesperiidae of Vietnam 8. Three new species of Celaenorrhinus (Hübner, 1819), with notes on the C. maculosa (C. & R. Felder, [1867]) -oscula (Evans, 1949) group (Lepidoptera, Hesperiidae). Atalanta 31(1/2): 205–211. Reference page.
Devyatkin, A.L. 2001. Hesperiidae of Vietnam, 9. Three new species and one new subspecies from the subfamily Pyrginae (Lepidoptera, Hesperiidae). Atalanta 32(3/4): 403–410. Reference page.
Devyatkin, A.L. 2003. Hesperiidae of Vietnam, 14. A new species of the genus Celaenorrhinus (Hübner, 1819) (Lepidoptera, Hesperiidae). Atalanta 34(1/2): 115–118. PDF. Reference page.
Devyatkin, A.L. 2012. Hesperiidae of Vietnam, 19. New records since 2003, with the description of a new species (Lepidoptera, Hesperiidae). Atalanta 43(1/2): 151–155. Reference page.
Huang, H. & Wu, C.S. 2003. New and little known Chinese butterflies in the collection of the Institute of Zoology, Academia Sinica, Beijing - 1 (Lepidoptera, Rhopalocera). Neue Entomologische Nachrichten 55: 115–143. Full article (PDF). Reference page.
de Jong, R. & C.G. Treadaway, 1993. A new Celaenorrhinus species (Lepidoptera: Hesperiidae) from a remarkable locality in the Philippines. Zoologische Mededelingen 67 (24): 345–349. Reference page.
Kielland, J., 1992. Descriptions of a new species of Platylesches Holland and a new species of Celaenorrhinus Hübner (Lepidoptera: Hesperiidae) from Tanzania. Metamorphosis, 3(4): 148–153. Reference page.
Lamas, G. 2004. (ed.) Checklist: Part 4A. Hesperioidea - Papilionoidea. In Heppner, J.B. (ed.) Atlas of Neotropical Lepidoptera. Vol.5A, Pt.4A. Assn. for Tropical Lepidoptera/Scientific Publishers, Gainesville. 439pp. Reference page.
Maruyama, K. & Saito, M., 2008, A new species of Celaenorrhinus (Lepidoptera, Hesperiidae) from N Myanmar, Trans. lepid. Soc. Japan 59 (3): 241-242. Reference page.
Mielke, O.H.H., [1992]. Notas sinonímicas sobre Hesperiidae Neotropicais, con descrições de novos géneros, espécies e subespécies (Lepidoptera). Revista Brasileira de Zoologia 7(4): 503–524. PDF. Reference page.

Miller, L.D., 1971. Descriptions of new species and notes on other Hesperiidae of Africa. Bull. Allyn Museum 2: 1–17.PDF Reference page.
Monastyrskii, A.L. 2016. New taxa and new records of butterflies from Vietnam (5) (Lepidoptera, Papilionoidea). Atalanta 47: 355–364. Reference page.
Williams, M.C. 2007. Checklist of Afrotropical Papilionoidea and Hesperioidea. 7th Edn. (April 2007). Downloaded from Afrotropical Butterflies. Reference page.

Celaenorrhinus is a genus of skipper butterflies which are commonly termed sprites. An alternate name is flats, for their habit of holding their wings flat when resting, but this is also used for related genera. They belong to the spread-winged skipper subfamily (Pyrginae), and therein are the type genus of tribe Celaenorrhini.

Celaenorrhinus species are found in most tropical regions. However, rather than a monophyletic genus the group appears to be a paraphyletic assemblage, and will probably be split up in the future.

Species

The Africa species group
Celaenorrhinus ambra Evans, 1937
Celaenorrhinus ankasa Larsen & Miller, 2005
Celaenorrhinus aureus Collins & Larsen, 2005
Celaenorrhinus bakolo Miller, 1964
Celaenorrhinus beni Bethune-Baker, 1908
Celaenorrhinus bettoni Butler, 1902
Celaenorrhinus boadicea (Hewitson, 1877)
Celaenorrhinus chrysoglossa (Mabille, 1891)
Celaenorrhinus cordeironis Kielland, 1992
Celaenorrhinus dargei Berger, 1976
Celaenorrhinus galenus (Fabricius, 1793)
Celaenorrhinus handmani Collins & Congdon, 1998
Celaenorrhinus hecqui Berger, 1976
Celaenorrhinus homeyeri (Plötz, 1880)
Celaenorrhinus humbloti (Mabille, 1884)
Celaenorrhinus illustris (Mabille, 1891)
Celaenorrhinus illustroides Miller, 1971
Celaenorrhinus intermixtus Aurivillius, 1896
Celaenorrhinus kasai Evans, 1956
Celaenorrhinus kimboza Evans, 1949
Celaenorrhinus kivuensis Joicey & Talbot, 1921
Celaenorrhinus leona Berger, 1975
Celaenorrhinus lourentis de Jong, 1976
Celaenorrhinus macrostictus Holland, 1893
Celaenorrhinus meditrina (Hewitson, 1877)
Celaenorrhinus milleri Collins & Larsen, 2003
Celaenorrhinus mokeezi (Wallengren, 1857)
Celaenorrhinus nigropunctata Bethune-Baker, 1908
Celaenorrhinus nimba Collins & Larsen, 2000
Celaenorrhinus ovalis Evans, 1937
Celaenorrhinus perlustris Rebel, 1914
Celaenorrhinus plagiatus Berger, 1976
Celaenorrhinus pooanus Aurivillius, 1910
Celaenorrhinus proxima (Mabille, 1877)
Celaenorrhinus rubeho Kielland, 1990
Celaenorrhinus rutilans (Mabille, 1877)
Celaenorrhinus sagamase Collins & Larsen, 2005
Celaenorrhinus sanjeensis Kielland, 1990
Celaenorrhinus selysi Berger, 1955
Celaenorrhinus suzannae Berger, 1976
Celaenorrhinus toro Evans, 1937
Celaenorrhinus uluguru Kielland, 1990
Celaenorrhinus zanqua Evans, 1937
The Asia species group
Celaenorrhinus aspersa Leech, 1891
Celaenorrhinus maculosa (C. & R. Felder, [1867])
Celaenorrhinus inexspectus Devyatkin, 2000
Celaenorrhinus phuongi Devyatkin, 2001
Celaenorrhinus incestus Devyatkin, 2000
Celaenorrhinus major Hsu, 1990
Celaenorrhinus kuznetsovi Devyatkin, 2000
Celaenorrhinus yaojiani Huang & Wu, 2003
Celaenorrhinus oscula Evans, 1949
Celaenorrhinus consanguinea Leech, 1891
Celaenorrhinus ratna Fruhstorfer, 1909
Celaenorrhinus pulomaya (Moore, [1866])
Celaenorrhinus horishanus Shirôzu, 1963
Celaenorrhinus pero de Nicéville, 1889
Celaenorrhinus choui Gu, 1994
Celaenorrhinus ruficornis (Mabille, 1878)
Celaenorrhinus ambareesa (Moore, [1866])
Celaenorrhinus vietnamicus Devyatkin, 1998
Celaenorrhinus spilothyrus (Felder, 1868)
Celaenorrhinus sumitra (Moore, [1866])
Celaenorrhinus pyrrha de Nicéville, 1889
Celaenorrhinus pahangensis Naylor, 1962
Celaenorrhinus leucocera (Kollar, [1844])
Celaenorrhinus putra (Moore, [1866])
Celaenorrhinus munda Moore, 1884
Celaenorrhinus nigricans (de Nicéville, 1885)
Celaenorrhinus asmara (Butler, [1879])
Celaenorrhinus inaequalis Elwes & Edwards, 1897
Celaenorrhinus aurivittata (Moore, [1879])
Celaenorrhinus cameroni (Distant, 1882)
Celaenorrhinus ficulnea (Hewitson, 1868)
Celaenorrhinus ladana (Butler, 1870)
Celaenorrhinus patula de Nicéville, 1889
Celaenorrhinus tibetana (Mabille, 1876)
Celaenorrhinus andamanicus (Wood-Mason & de Nicéville, 1881)
Celaenorrhinus badia (Hewitson, 1877)
Celaenorrhinus dhanada Moore, [1866]
Celaenorrhinus bazilanus (Fruhstorfer, 1909)
Celaenorrhinus entellus (Hewitson, 1867)
Celaenorrhinus flavocincta (de Nicéville, 1887)
Celaenorrhinus halconis de Jong & Treadaway, 1993
Celaenorrhinus kiku Hering, 1918
Celaenorrhinus kurosawai Shirôzu, 1963
Celaenorrhinus morena Evans, 1949
Celaenorrhinus patuloides de Jong, 1981
Celaenorrhinus plagifera de Nicéville, 1889
Celaenorrhinus saturatus Elwes & Edwards, 1897
Celaenorrhinus toxopei de Jong, 1981
Celaenorrhinus treadawayi de Jong, 1981
Celaenorrhinus zea Swinhoe, 1909
The America species group
Celaenorrhinus aegiochus (Hewitson, 1876)
Celaenorrhinus anchialus (Mabille, 1878)
Celaenorrhinus approximatus Williams & Bell, 1940
Celaenorrhinus astrigera (Butler, 1877)
Celaenorrhinus autochton Steinhauser & Austin, 1996
Celaenorrhinus bifurcus Bell, 1934
Celaenorrhinus cynapes (Hewitson, 1870)
Celaenorrhinus disjunctus Bell, 1940
Celaenorrhinus eligius (Stoll, [1781])
Celaenorrhinus fritzgaertneri (Bailey, 1880)
Celaenorrhinus jao (Mabille, 1889)
Celaenorrhinus monartus (Plötz, 1884)
Celaenorrhinus orneates Austin, 1996
Celaenorrhinus par Steinhauser & Austin, 1996
Celaenorrhinus savia (Evans, 1952)
Celaenorrhinus shema (Hewitson, 1877)
Celaenorrhinus similis Hayward, 1933
Celaenorrhinus songoensis Draudt, 1922
Celaenorrhinus stallingsi Freeman, 1946
Celaenorrhinus stola Evans, 1952
Celaenorrhinus suthina (Hewitson, 1877)
Celaenorrhinus syllius (C. & R. Felder, 1862)
Celaenorrhinus tritonae (Weeks, 1901)
Celaenorrhinus vagra Evans, 1952

Genus: characteristics
For a key to the terms used, see Glossary of entomology terms.
Plate from Adalbert Seitz's Macrolepidoptera of the World IX

The following is a description of the genus from an old work and may not account for more recent taxonomic changes.

Forewing, costa slightly arched, apex rather acute, outer margin convex, inner margin straight; costal nervure terminating opposite the apex of the discoidal cell, first, second, and third subcostal nervules with their bases almost equidistant, fourth subcostal with its base half as near to the base of the third subcostal as that vein is to the second, terminating at the apex of the wing, terminal portion of subcostal nervure. or fifth subcostal nervule with its base almost touching that of the fourth, terminating on the outer margin far below the apex of the wing; discoidal cell long, narrow; upper disco-cellular nervule straight, strongly outwardly oblique, very short; middle and lower disco-cellular nervules almost in the same straight line (the lower a little concave), the lower a little longer than the upper, both veins taken together strongly inwardly oblique; second median nervule arising some little distance before the lower end of the cell, first median nervule arising much nearer to the base of the wing than to the point where the second median is given off; submedian nervure slightly recurved; internal nervure short and quickly running into the submedian nervure, with which it entirely anastomoses. Hindwing, costa strongly arched at base then straight to apex, which latter is somewhat acute in the male, rounded in the female, outer margin rounded, inner margin convex; costal nervure almost straight, terminating just before the apex of the wing; first subcostal nervule originating some distance before the apex of the cell; upper disco-cellular nervule straight, very slightly outwardly oblique; lower disco-cellular also slightly outwardly oblique, at first concave, then straight, a little longer than the upper disco-cellular; discoidal nervule very fine, straight, arising at the point of junction of the disco-cellular nervules; second median nervule arising just before the lower end of the cell, first median arising much nearer the lower end of the cell than the base of the wing; submedian and internal nervures straight. Type: the Papilio eligius of Cramer.

This diagnosis has been made from bleached wings of both sexes of the "Hesperia" leucocera of Kollar, from Simla, and of the "Papilio" eligius of Cramer from the Amazons, for the specimens of which latter I am indebted to Dr. O. Staudinger. All the species of the genus settle with wide outspread wings, which at once distinguishes them in life from the genus Notocrypta, mihi, the species of which rest with wings folded upright over the back. C. leucocera in the Western Himalayas is markedly crepuscular, I have seen specimens over and over again flying up and down a short distance of the bed of the Simla river with immense rapidity, so fast that the eye can hardly follow them, settling on a leaf for a second and then flying off again, long after the sun has set. All that are known to me have the hindwing more or less spotted. C. eligius, Cramer, was described from Surinam in South America, and Felder states that he has received a specimen from Venezuela.

The similarity in the markings of the forewing of this species to those of C. maculosa, Felder, from Shanghai, is not a little remarkable. The transformations of only one species are known, those of C. spilothyrus, Felder." (de Niceville)
— Edward Yerbury Watson[2]

References

"Celaenorrhinus Hübner, [1819]" at Markku Savela's Lepidoptera and Some Other Life Forms

Watson, E. Y. (1891) Hesperiidae Indicae: being a reprint of descriptions of the Hesperiidae of India, Burma, and Ceylon.

Bell, E.L. & A.S. Pinkus, 1934: New Hesperiidae from Trinidad and Peru (Lepidoptera, Rhopalocera). American Museum Novitates 745: 1-6. Full article: [1].
Devyatkin, A.L., 2001: Hesperiidae of Vietnam, 9. Three new species and one new subspecies from the subfamily Pyrginae (Lepidoptera: Hesperiidae). Atalanta 32 (3/4): 403-410.
Devyatkin, A.L. 2003: Hesperiidae of Vietnam, 14: A new species of the genus Celaenorrhinus Hübner 1819 (Lepidoptera: Hesperiidae). Atalanta 34 (1/2): 115-118. Abstract: [2].
Lamas, Gerardo, 2004, Atlas of Neotropical Lepidoptera; Checklist Part 4A; Hesperioidea-Papilionoidea
Maruyama, Kiyoshi & Motoki Saito, 2008, A new species of Celaenorrhinus (Lepidoptera, Hesperiidae) from N Myanmar, Trans. lepid. Soc. Japan 59 (3): 241-242. Abstract and full article: [3].
Mielke, O.H.H., 1992 (1991): Notas sinonímicas sobre Hesperiidae Neotropicais, com descrições de novos géneros, espécies e subespécies (Lepidoptera). Revista Brasileira de Zoologia 7 (4): 503-524. Full article: [4].
Miller, L.D., 1971: Descriptions of new species and notes on other Hesperiidae of Africa. Bull. Allyn Museum 2: 1-17. Full article: [5]
Williams, M.C., 2008: Checklist of Afrotropical Papilionoidea and Hesperioidea.