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Chrysolina

Chrysolina sp.

Superregnum: Eukaryota
Regnum: Animalia
Subregnum: Eumetazoa
Cladus: Bilateria
Cladus: Nephrozoa
Cladus: Protostomia
Cladus: Ecdysozoa
Cladus: Panarthropoda
Phylum: Arthropoda
Subphylum: Hexapoda
Classis: Insecta
Cladus: Dicondylia
Subclassis: Pterygota
Cladus: Metapterygota
Infraclassis: Neoptera
Cladus: Eumetabola
Cladus: Endopterygota
Superordo: Coleopterida
Ordo: Coleoptera
Subordo: Polyphaga
Infraordo: Cucujiformia
Cladus: Phytophaga
Superfamilia: Chrysomeloidea

Familia: Chrysomelidae
Subfamilia: Chrysomelinae
Tribus: Chrysomelini
Subtribus: Chrysolinina
Genus: Chrysolina
Subgenera: C. (Allochrysolina) – C. (Allohypericia) – C. (Anopachys) – C. (Apterosoma) – C. (Arctolina) – C. (Atechna) – C. (Atlasiana) – C. (Bechynia) – C. (Bittotaenia) – C. (Cecchiniola) – C. (Centoptera) – C. (Chalcoidea) – C. (Chersomela) – C. (Chrysocrosita) – C. (Chrysolina) – C. (Chrysolinopsis) – C. (Chrysomorpha) – C. (Colaphodes) – C. (Colaphoptera) – C. (Colaphosoma) – C. (Crositops) – C. (Cyrtochrysolina) – C. (Diachalcoidea) – C. (Erythrochrysa) – C. (Euchrysolina) – C. (Fastuolina) – C. (Ghesquiereita) – C. (Gnathomela) – C. (Heliostola) – C. (Hypericia) – C. (Hypochalcoidea) – C. (Jeanclaudia) – C. (Liomela) – C. (Lithopteroides) – C. (Lopatinica) – C. (Maenadochrysa) – C. (Medvedevlevna) – C. (Melasomoptera) – C. (Naluhia) – C. (Omolima) – C. (Ovosoma) – C. (Ovostoma) – C. (Palaeosticta) – C. (Paracrosita) – C. (Paramenthastriella) – C. (Pezocrosita) – C. (Pierryvettia) – C. (Pleurosticha) – C. (Polystictella) – C. (Pseudocrosita) – C. (Pseudolithoptera) – C. (Pseudotimarchomima) – C. (Rhyssoloma) – C. (Semenowia) – C. (Sibiriella) – C. (Sphaerochrysolina) – C. (Sphaeromela) – C. (Stichoptera) – C. (Sulcicollis) – C. (Synerga) – C. (Taeniochrysea) – C. (Taeniosticha) – C. (Threnosoma) – C. (Timarchida) – C. (Timarcholina) – C. (Timarchomela) – C. (Timarchoptera) – C. (Upseleatlasia) – C. (Vittatochrysa) – C. (Zeugotaenia)

Incertae sedis: C. corrugata – C. cuiae – C. gyacaensis – C. kamali – C. murciana – C. postviolacea – C. taibaica – C. tangalaensis
Overview of species (Palearctic)

C. abchasica – C. adzharica – C. aegyptiaca – C. aeneipennis – C. aeneolucens – C. aeneomicans – C. aeruginosa – C. affinis – C. afra – C. aino – C. alaschanica – C. alatavica – C. almaatica – C. altimontana – C. americana – C. amplicollis – C. analis – C. anatolica – C. anceyi – C. angusticollis – C. apsilaena – C. arambourgi – C. arctica – C. arctoalpina – C. armeniaca – C. asclepiadis – C. asperata – C. atrovirens – C. aurichalcea – C. bactriana – C. badakhshanica – C. baetica – C. ballioni – C. bankii – C. bechynei – C. bergeali – C. besseri – C. bicolor – C. blanchei – C. boeberi – C. boreosinica – C. borochorensis – C. bourdonnei – C. bowringi – C. brahma – C. brevilata – C. brunnicornis – C. brunsvicensis – C. bungei – C. caerulea – C. capricornus – C. carnifex – C. carpathica – C. caspica – C. cavigera – C. centralasiae – C. cerealis – C. chalcea – C. chalcites – C. cheni – C. claripes – C. coerulans – C. colasi – C. concinna – C. concolor – C. confossa – C. confucii – C. conglomerata – C. convexicollis – C. corcyria – C. costalis – C. costulata – C. crassimargo – C. crassipes – C. cretica – C. cribrosa – C. cuprina – C. cyanella – C. cyaneovinosa – C. cyanopurpurea – C. dalailamai – C. dalia – C. davidiani – C. deubeli – C. dhaulagirica – C. didymata – C. dieckmanni – C. differens – C. difficilis – C. diluta – C. discriminata – C. doeberli – C. dohertyi – C. dohrnii – C. dolens – C. dolini – C. dubeshkoae – C. dudkoi – C. dzhungarica – C. erzinica – C. eurina – C. exanthematica – C. fascinatrix – C. fastuosa – C. femoralis – C. fimbrialis – C. fragariae – C. freyensis – C. fricata – C. fuliginosa – C. furva – C. fuyunica – C. gansuica – C. geae – C. gebleri – C. gemina – C. geminata – C. gensanensis – C. gibbipennis – C. glasunovi – C. glebi – C. globipennis – C. globosa – C. gracilis – C. graminis – C. grancanariensis – C. grata – C. grossa – C. gruevi – C. gypsophilae – C. haemochlora – C. haemoptera – C. hartmanni – C. helenae – C. helopioides – C. herbacea – C. hyperboreica – C. hyperici – C. igorlopatini – C. immarginata – C. impavida – C. imperfecta – C. infernalis – C. inflata – C. instabilis – C. interlucea – C. interstincta – C. irinae – C. jacobyi – C. jakowlewi – C. janbechynei – C. jeanneli – C. jenisseiensis – C. jiangi – C. juldusana – C. kabaki – C. kaikana – C. kamali – C. karachia – C. kataevi – C. katonica – C. ketmenica – C. khalyktavica – C. kholsunica – C. kippenbergi – C. kirigaminensis – C. kiritshenkoi – C. klimenkoi – C. kocheri – C. koenigi – C. koktumensis – C. koltzei – C. koreana – C. kozlovi – C. kryzhanovskii – C. kuesteri – C. kuldzhensis – C. kungeyana – C. laevigata – C. laeviguttata – C. lagunovi – C. latecincta – C. latimargo – C. lehri – C. lepida – C. lepineyi – C. levi – C. lia – C. lichenis – C. limbata – C. lineella – C. lineigera – C. lobicollis – C. lomakini – C. lopatini – C. luchti – C. lucida – C. lucidicollis – C. lutea – C. luteocincta – C. mactata – C. magniceps – C. mairei – C. marcasitica – C. marginata – C. mauroi – C. medogana – C. medvedevi – C. mellyi – C. milleri – C. mirabilis – C. mohri – C. mongolensis – C. mordkovitshi – C. mutica – C. nagaja – C. neglecta – C. neotibialis – C. nigrita – C. nigrorugosa – C. nigrovittata – C. nikinoja – C. nikkoensis – C. nikolskyi – C. nixiana – C. novozhenovi – C. numida – C. nushana – C. nyalamana – C. obenbergeri – C. obovata – C. obscurella – C. octocosta – C. ohoi – C. oirota – C. olivieri – C. opacicollis – C. ordinata – C. oricalcia – C. orientalis – C. oschanini – C. osellai – C. ovczinnikovi – C. pala – C. palmyrensis – C. paradoxa – C. pardoi – C. pavlenkoi – C. pedestris – C. peninsularis – C. peregrina – C. perforata – C. petitpierrei – C. petrenkoi – C. philotesia – C. pieli – C. pirka – C. planicollis – C. platypoda – C. platyscelidina – C. pliginskii – C. plusquamperfecta – C. polita – C. poretzkyi – C. porosirensis – C. porphyrea – C. pourtoyi – C. praestans – C. przewalskii – C. pseudoaenea – C. pseudolurida – C. pudica – C. punjabiensis – C. purpurascens – C. purpurata – C. purpureoviridis – C. pusa – C. quadrangulata – C. quadrigemina – C. redtenbacheri – C. regeli – C. reitteri – C. relucens – C. roborowskii – C. roddi – C. romani – C. rossia – C. rosti – C. rotundata – C. rufa – C. ruffoi – C. rufilabris – C. rufoaenea – C. ruginosa – C. sacarum – C. sahlbergiana – C. sairannurica – C. sajanica – C. salviae – C. samarensis – C. sanguineocincta – C. sanguinolenta – C. sarcandica – C. sarroensis – C. saurica – C. schatzmayri – C. schneideri – C. scorodon – C. sellata – C. separata – C. septentrionalis – C. serdanensis – C. seriatopora – C. seriepunctata – C. sichuanica – C. sinica – C. sogdiorum – C. soiota – C. solata – C. songarica – C. songpana – C. spectabilis – C. stachydis – C. stalii – C. staphylaea – C. sturmi – C. substrangulata – C. subsulcata – C. suffriani – C. sulcicollis – C. sundukovi – C. superstes – C. susterai – C. sylvatica – C. tagana – C. tagenii – C. taibaica – C. tangalaensis – C. tangeriana – C. tani – C. tastavica – C. taygetana – C. tekessica – C. terskeica – C. tesari – C. thalassina – C. tianshanica – C. timarchoides – C. tolli – C. tortipennis – C. tshatkalica – C. tundralis – C. turanica – C. turca – C. turgaica – C. turgida – C. tuvensis – C. ulugkhemia – C. umbratilis – C. undulata – C. uraltuvensis – C. urjanchaica – C. vagecincta – C. valichanovi – C. valida – C. varians – C. variolosa – C. verestschaginae – C. vernalis – C. villiersi – C. violacea – C. virgata – C. viridana – C. viridiopaca – C. vishnu – C. waldheimi – C. wangi – C. warchalowskii – C. watanabei – C. weisei – C. wittmeri – C. wollastoni – C. yunnana – C. yupeiyuae – C. zamotajlovi – C. zangana – C. zhongdiana

Nomina dubia: C. aerea – C. ambulans – C. besseri – C. betulae – C. dahli – C. distincta – C. kuznetzowi – C. metallica – C. nepalensis – C. obscurata – C. obscurata – C. obscurata – C. postviolacea – C. praticola – C. sahlbergi – C. subincrassata
Name

Chrysolina Motschulsky, 1860: 210 [nomen protectum in Bezděk, 2020: 180]

Type species: Chrysomela staphylaea Linnaeus, 1758, by original designation.
Synonyms

Chloemela Gistel, 1856: 379 [syn., nomen oblitum in Bezděk, 2020: 180]
Type species: Chrysomela staphylaea Linnaeus, 1758, by subsequent designation by Bezděk, 2020: 180.

References
Primary references

Bezděk, J. 2020. Review of the genus-level names proposed by Johannes Gistel in Chrysomelidae (Coleoptera). Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae 60(1): 173–188. DOI: 10.37520/aemnp.2020.011 Open access. Reference page.
Gistel, J.N.F.X. 1856. Die Mysterien der europäischen Insectenwelt. Ein geheimer Schlüssel für Sammler aller Insecten-Ordnungen und Stände, behufs des Fangs, des Aufenhalts-Orts, der Wohnung, Tag- und Jahreszeit u.s.w., oder autoptische Darstellung des Insectenstaats in seinem Zusammenhange zum Bestehen des Naturhaushaltes überhaupt und insbesondere in seinem Einflusse auf die phanerogamische und cryptogamische Pflanzenberöltzerrung Europa’s. Zum ersten Male nach 25 jährigen eigenen Erfahrungen zusammengestellt und herausgegeben. Kempten: T. Dannheimer, xii + 530 + [2] pp. DOI: 10.5962/bhl.title.65996. Reference page.
Motschulsky, V. de 1860. Coléoptères rapportés de la Sibérie orientale et notamment des pays situeés sur les bords du fleuve Amour par MM. Schrenck, Maack, Ditmar, Voznessensky etc. déterminés et décrits. In: Schrenck L. (ed) Reisen und Forschungen im Amur-Lande in den Jahren 1854–1856 im Auftrage der Kaiserl. Akademie der Wissenschaften zu St. Petersburg ausgeführt und in Verbindung mit mehreren Gelehrten herausgegeben. Band II. Zweite Lieferung. Coleopteren. St. Petersburg: Eggers & Comp., pp. 80–257 + [1 (Errata)], pls. VI–XI, 1 map. BHL Reference page.

Additional references

Bieńkowski, A.O. 1998. Revision of the subgenus Anopachys Motschulsky, 1860 of the genus Chrysolina Motschulsky, 1860 (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Chrysomelinae). Genus: 9(2): 95–153. PDF.
Bieńkowski, A.O. 2001. A study on the genus Chrysolina Motschulsky, 1860, with a checklist of all the described subgenera, species, subspecies and synonyms (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Chrysomelinae). Genus: 12(2): 105–235. PDF
Bieńkowski, A.O. 2005. A review of the subgenus Sibiriella L. Medvedev, 1999 of the genus Chrysolina Motschulsky, 1860 (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Chrysomelinae). Russian Entomological Journal 14(1): 3–13. PDF.
Bieńkowski, A.O. 2006. A revision of the Chrysolina (perforata) species group (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae). Russian Entomological Journal 15(1): 53–61. PDF.
Bieńkowski, A.O. 2008. New data on the systematics of leaf-beetle genus Chrysolina (Coleoptera, Chrysomelinae) from the Palaearctic region. Entomological Review 88(8): 954–959. DOI: 10.1134/S0013873808080095 Paywall.
Bieńkowski, A.O. 2019. Chrysolina of the world – 2019 (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae). Taxonomic review. Livny : Mukhametov G.V. Publ., 920 pp. ISBN 978-5-904246-82-2. ResearchGate Open access green. Reference page.
Daccordi, M., Ge, S.-Q., Cui, J.-Z. & Yang, X.-K. 2011. New species of Chrysolina Motschulsky, 1860 from Southwest China (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae, Chrysomelinae). Nouvelle revue d'entomologie (n.s.) 26(4): 291–316. [Publication date: 'February 17th 2011', sourced from series website] [not seen]
Ge, S.-Q., Daccordi, M. & Yang, X.-K. 2009. Two new species of Chrysolina Motschulsky from China, with redescription of C. kozlovi Lopatin and notes on the genus Doeberlia Warchałowski (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Chrysomelinae). Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae 49(2): 805–818. PDF. Reference page.
Ge, S.-Q., Daccordi, M., Li, W.-Z. & Yang, X.-K. 2011. Seven new species of the genus Chrysolina Motschulsky from China (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Chrysomelinae). Zootaxa 2736: 31–43. Preview Reference page.
Jurado-Rivera, J.A. & Petitpierre, E. 2015. New contributions to the molecular systematics and the evolution of host-plant associations in the genus Chrysolina (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae, Chrysomelinae). In: Jolivet, P., Santiago-Blay, J. & Schmitt, M. (Eds) Research on Chrysomelidae 5. ZooKeys 547: 165–192. DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.547.6018 Full article Reference page.
Kippenberg, H. 2010. Subfamily Chrysomelinae Latreille, 1802. Pp. 390–443. In: Löbl, I. & Smetana, A. (eds.) Catalogue of Palaearctic Coleoptera. Volume 6. Chrysomeloidea. Apollo Books, Stenstrup, Denmark. 924 pp. ISBN 978-87-88757-84-2. Google Books. Reference page.
Lopatin, I.K. 2011. New species of leaf-beetles (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae) from China. X. Entomologicheskoe Obozrenie 90(2): 375–387. [in Russian, English translation in Entomological Review 91(7): 855–865. DOI: 10.1134/S0013873811070074 Paywall]
Suzuki, K. & Saitoh, S. 2011. Description of a new species of the genus Chrysolina (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae) from Central Honshu, Japan. Elytra (n.s.) 1(1): 131–140. PDF. Reference page.

Links

Subfamily Chrysomelinae (Chrysomelidae) - atlas of leaf beetles of Russia
Chrysolina Motschulsky, 1860
Chrysolina Motschulsky 1860 Taxon details on Fauna Europaea

Vernacular names
русский: Листоед травяной

Chrysolina is a large genus of leaf beetles in the subfamily Chrysomelinae. Most species are distributed in Europe, Asia and Africa with a small number of species inhabiting North America (including introduced European ones) and introduced species in Australia.[2]

The species Chrysolina cerealis and C. graminis are protected in the United Kingdom. All species of Chrysolina are phytophagous, feeding on specific food plants, and some of them have been used for biological control of weeds. To control Hypericum perforatum (St John's wort), C. hyperici was successfully naturalized in Australia in the 1930s[3][4] and several species, especially C. quadrigemina, were introduced to California in the late 1940s.[4][5][6][7][8]

Systematic classification of European species

Order Coleoptera

Suborder Polyphaga
Superfamily Chrysomeloidea Latreille, 1802
Family Chrysomelidae Latreille, 1802
Subfamily Chrysomelinae Latreille, 1802
Genus: Chrysolina Motschulsky, 1860
Subgenus Allochrysolina
Chrysolina fuliginosa (Olivier, 1807)
Chrysolina lepida (Olivier 1807)
Subgenus Anopachys
Chrysolina aurichalcea (Mannerheim, 1825)
Chrysolina eurina (Frivaldszky, 1883)
Chrysolina relucens (Rosenhauer, 1847)
Chrysolina schatzmayri (Muller, 1916)
Subgenus Arctolina
Chrysolina septentrionalis (Menetries, 1851)
Subgenus Bechynia
Chrysolina milleri (Weise, 1884)
Chrysolina philotesia Daccordi & Ruffo, 1980
Chrysolina platypoda (Bechyné, 1950)
Chrysolina substrangulata Bourdonne, 1986
Subgenus Bittotaenia
Chrysolina salviae (Germar, 1824)
Subgenus Cecchiniola
Chrysolina platyscelidina (Jacobson, 1898)
Subgenus Centoptera
Chrysolina bicolor (Fabricius, 1775)
Subgenus Chalcoidea
Chrysolina analis (Linnaeus, 1767)
Chrysolina carnifex melanaria (Suffrian, 1851)
Chrysolina carnifex (Fabricius, 1792)
Chrysolina cinctipennis (Harold, 1874)
Chrysolina curvilinea (Weise, 1884)
Chrysolina hyrcana (Weise, 1884)
Chrysolina interstincta (Suffrian, 1851)
Chrysolina marginata (Linnaeus, 1758)
Chrysolina taygetana Bechyné, 1952
Subgenus Chrysolina
Chrysolina bankii (Fabricius, 1775)
Chrysolina costalis (Olivier, 1807)
Chrysolina fortunata (Wollaston, 1864)
Chrysolina obsoleta (Brulle, 1838)
Chrysolina rufa (Duftschmid, 1825)
Chrysolina staphylaea (Linnaeus, 1758)
Chrysolina wollastoni Bechyné, 1957
Subgenus Chrysomorpha
Chrysolina cerealis (Linnaeus, 1767)
Subgenus Colaphodes
Chrysolina haemoptera (Linnaeus, 1758)
Subgenus Colaphoptera
Chrysolina globosa (Panzer, 1805)
Chrysolina pliginskii (Reitter, 1913)
Chrysolina purpurascens (Germar, 1822)
Subgenus Colaphosoma
Chrysolina sturmi (Westhoff, 1882)
Subgenus Craspeda
Chrysolina jenisseiensis (Breit, 1920)
Chrysolina limbata (Fabricius, 1775)
Subgenus Cyrtochrysolina
Chrysolina marcasitica (Germar, 1824)
Subgenus Erythrochrysa
Chrysolina polita (Linnaeus, 1758)
Subgenus Euchrysolina
Chrysolina graminis (Linnaeus, 1758)
Chrysolina virgata (Motschulsky, 1860)
Subgenus Fastuolina
Chrysolina fastuosa (Scopoli, 1763)
Subgenus Heliostola
Chrysolina carpathica (Fuss, 1856)
Chrysolina lichenis (Richter, 1820)
Chrysolina schneideri (Weise, 1882)
Subgenus Hypericia
Chrysolina brunsvicensis (Gravenhorst, 1807)
Chrysolina corcyria (Suffrian, 1851)
Chrysolina cuprina (Duftschmid, 1825)
Chrysolina didymata (Scriba, 1791)
Chrysolina geminata (Paykull, 1799)
Chrysolina hyperici (Forster, 1771)
Chrysolina quadrigemina (Suffrian, 1851)
Subgenus Maenadochrysa
Chrysolina affinis (Fabricius, 1787)
Chrysolina aveyronenesis Bechyné, 1950
Chrysolina baetica (Suffrian, 1851)
Chrysolina femoralis (Olivier, 1790)
Subgenus Melasomoptera
Chrysolina grossa (Fabricius, 1792)
Chrysolina lucida (Olivier, 1807)
Chrysolina lutea (Petagna, 1819)
Subgenus Mimophaedon
Chrysolina pourtoyi Bourdonne, 1996
Subgenus Ovosoma
Chrysolina atrovirens (Frivaldszky, 1876)
Chrysolina cretica (Olivier, 1807)
Chrysolina halysa Bechyné, 1950
Chrysolina orientalis (Olivier, 1807)
Chrysolina rhodia Bechyné, 1950
Chrysolina sahlbergi (Menetries, 1832)
Chrysolina susterai Bechyné, 1950
Chrysolina turca (Fairmaire, 1865)
Chrysolina vernalis (Brulle, 1832)
Subgenus Ovostoma
Chrysolina globipennis (Suffrian, 1851)
Chrysolina olivieri (Bedel, 1892)
Subgenus Palaeosticta
Chrysolina diluta (Germar, 1824)
Subgenus Rhyssoloma
Chrysolina fragariae (Wollaston, 1854)
Subgenus Sphaerochrysolina
Chrysolina umbratilis (Weise, 1887)
Subgenus Sphaeromela
Chrysolina varians (Schaller, 1783)
Subgenus Stichoptera
Chrysolina colasi (Cobos, 1952)
Chrysolina grancanariensis (Lindberg, 1953)
Chrysolina gypsophilae (Kuster, 1845)
Chrysolina latecincta (Demaison, 1896)
Chrysolina kuesteri (Helliesen, 1912)
Chrysolina lucidicollis (Kuster, 1845)
Chrysolina mactata (Fairmaire, 1859)
Chrysolina rossia (Illiger, 1802)
Chrysolina sanguinolenta (Linnaeus, 1758)
Chrysolina stachydis (Gene, 1839)
Chrysolina variolosa (Petagna, 1819)
Subgenus Sulcicollis
Chrysolina chalcites (Germar, 1824)
Chrysolina oricalcia (Muller O. F., 1776)
Chrysolina peregrina (Herrich-Schaeffer, 1839)
Chrysolina rufoaenea (Suffrian, 1851)
Subgenus Synerga
Chrysolina coerulans (Scriba, 1791)
Chrysolina herbacea (Duftschmid, 1825)
Chrysolina suffriani (Fairmaire, 1859)
Chrysolina viridana (Kuster, 1844)
Subgenus Taeniochrysea
Chrysolina americana (Linnaeus, 1758)
Subgenus Taeniosticha
Chrysolina reitteri (Weise, 1884)
Subgenus Threnosoma
Chrysolina cribrosa (Ahrens, 1812)
Chrysolina fimbrialis (Kuster, 1845)
Chrysolina helopioides (Suffrian, 1851)
Chrysolina inflata (Weise, 1916)
Chrysolina joliveti Bechyné, 1950
Chrysolina obenbergeri Bechyné, 1950
Chrysolina obscurella (Suffrian, 1851)
Chrysolina osellai (Daccordi & Ruffo, 1979)
Chrysolina tagana (Suffrian, 1851)
Chrysolina timarchoides (Brisout, 1882)
Chrysolina weisei (Frivaldszky, 1883)
Subgenus Timarchida
Chrysolina deubeli (Ganglbauer, 1897)

See also

List of Chrysolina species

References

IRMNG (2018). Chrysolina Motschoulsky in Schrenck, 1860. Accessed at: http://www.irmng.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=1419344 on 2019-01-18
BIEÑKOWSKI, ANDRZEJ O (2001). "A study on the genus Chrysolina MOTSCHULSKY, 1860, with a checklist of all the described subgenera, species, subspecies, and synonyms (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Chrysomelinae)" (PDF). Genus: - International Journal of Invertebrate Taxonomy. 12: 105–235. Retrieved 2017-01-24.
W. T. Parsons, E. G. Cuthbertson. Noxious Weeds of Australia. 2nd ed. Collingwood: CSIRO Publishing, 2001. ISBN 0-643-06514-8. P. 389.
Wilfred William Robbins, Alden Springer Crafts. Weed Control: A Textbook and Manual. N.Y.: McGraw-Hill, 1962. P. 137, 155, 162.
Huffaker, C. B. and C. E. Kennett (1959). A ten-year study of vegetation change associated with biological control of Klamath weed. Journal of Range Management 12: 69-82.
Peter Jay Morin. Community Ecology. Oxford: Blackwell, 1999. ISBN 0-86542-350-4. P. 106-107.
Gilbert Waldbauer. What Good are Bugs?: Insects in the Web of Life. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 2003. ISBN 0-674-01027-2. P. 158.

Richard E. White. A Field Guide to the Beetles of North America. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1983. ISBN 0-395-91089-7. P. 296.

Fauna europaea
Biolib

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