Dolichovespula

Superregnum: Eukaryota
Regnum: Animalia
Subregnum: Eumetazoa
Cladus: Bilateria
Cladus: Nephrozoa
Cladus: Protostomia
Cladus: Ecdysozoa
Cladus: Panarthropoda
Phylum: Arthropoda
Subphylum: Hexapoda
Classis: Insecta
Cladus: Dicondylia
Subclassis: Pterygota
Cladus: Metapterygota
Infraclassis: Neoptera
Cladus: Eumetabola
Cladus: Endopterygota
Superordo: Hymenopterida
Ordo: Hymenoptera
Subordo: Apocrita
Superfamilia: Vespoidea

Familia: Vespidae
Subfamilia: Vespinae
Genus: Dolichovespula
Species (12): D. albida – D. adulterina – D. arenaria – D. flora – D. kuami – D. maculata - D. media – D. norwegica – D. omissa – D. saxonica – D. sylvestris – D. xinjiangensis
Name

Dolichovespula Rohwer, 1916: Bull. Connecticut nat. Hist. Surv., 22, 642.
Vernacular names
日本語: ホオナガスズメバチ属

Dolichovespula is a small genus of social wasps distributed widely throughout the Northern Hemisphere. The yellow and black members of the genus are known by the common name yellowjackets in North America, such as Dolichovespula norwegica, along with members of their sister genus Vespula. In a study on the nesting biology of Dolichovespula, a colony of D. maculata with 771 workers was reported as having the largest recorded population count.[2]

Overview
D. arenaria on goldenrod
Wasp morphology: the oculo-malar space

Several morphological differences distinguish them from Vespula. The most noticeable is the long face (dolikhos = "long" in Greek). Viewed from the front, Dolichovespula faces are long, while Vespula faces are short and round. The oculomalar space, the distance between the eye and the mandible, is long in Dolichovespula and short in Vespula. Dolichovespula nests are usually aerial, while Vespula spp. often nest underground.
Reproduction

All females are born with reproductive capacities. Dolichovespula is unique from its sister group Vespula in that some of the workers create haploid offspring that develop into males.[3]
Species

These species are recognised:[4][5][6]

Dolichovespula adulterina (Buysson, 1905)
Dolichovespula albida Sladen 1918 – (split from D. norwegica)
Dolichovespula alpicola Eck 1984 – Rocky Mountain aerial yellowjacket
Dolichovespula arenaria (Fabricius, 1775) – aerial yellowjacket
Dolichovespula arctica Rohwer 1918 – parasitic yellowjacket (split from D.adulterina)
Dolichovespula asiatica Archer, 1981
Dolichovespula baileyi Archer, 1987
Dolichovespula carolina (Linnaeus, 1767)
Dolichovespula flora Archer, 1987[7]
Dolichovespula kuami Kim, 1996
Dolichovespula lama (Buysson, 1903)
Dolichovespula loekenae Eck, 1980 (split from D. pacifica)
Dolichovespula maculata (Linnaeus, 1763) – bald-faced hornet
Dolichovespula media (Retz., 1783) – median wasp
Dolichovespula norvegicoides (Sladen, 1918) – Arctic yellowjacket
Dolichovespula norwegica (Fabricius 1781) – Norwegian wasp
Dolichovespula omissa (Bischoff, 1931)

Dolichovespula pacifica (Birula, 1930)[8]
Dolichovespula pacifica xanthicincta Archer, 1980[8]
Dolichovespula panda Archer, 1980[8]
Dolichovespula saxonica (Fabricius, 1793) – Saxon wasp
Dolichovespula sinensis (Archer, 1987)[7][9]
Dolichovespula stigma Lee 1986
Dolichovespula sylvestris (Scopoli, 1763) – tree wasp

References

James M. Carpenter & Jun-ichi Kojima (1997). "Checklist of the species in the subfamily Vespinae (Insecta: Hymenoptera: Vespidae)" (PDF). Natural History Bulletin of Ibaraki University. 1: 51–92.
Archer, Michael E. (September 2006). Taxonomy, distribution and nesting biology of species of the genus Dolichovespula. Entomological Science 9(3):281–293.
Foster, Kevin R.; Ratnieks, Francis L. W.; Gyllenstrand, Niclas; Thorén, Peter A. (2001). "Colony kin structure and male production in Dolichovespula wasps" (PDF). Molecular Ecology. Wiley Publishing. 10 (4): 1003–1010. doi:10.1046/j.1365-294x.2001.01228.x. ISSN 0962-1083. S2CID 12009153. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2019-09-27.
Lynn S. Kimsey; James M. Carpenter (2012). "The Vespinae of North America (Vespidae, Hymenoptera)". Journal of Hymenoptera Research. 28: 37–65. doi:10.3897/jhr.28.3514.
"Dolichovespula". Animal Diversity Web. Regents of the University of Michigan. Retrieved 11 January 2017.
"Dolichovespula Rohwer, 1916 Ampiaiset?". funet.fi. Retrieved 12 January 2017.
"Archer (1987a) Three new species of Dolichovespula from China (Hymenoptera Vespidae) - Design - The Best Way to Share & Discover Documents". DocGo.Net. Retrieved 2018-08-23.
Daglio, Anthony. "Archer (1980) A new species of Dolichovespula (Hymenoptera Vespidae) and subspecies of D.pacifica from China". Retrieved 2018-08-23.

https://research.amnh.org/iz/f/Carpenter_Kojima_1997_ves.pdf

"Dolichovespula". www.nic.funet.fi. Retrieved 2008-11-17.
Bald-faced hornet. Baldfacedhornet.net