Papilio (Pterourus) palamedes

Superregnum: Eukaryota
Cladus: Unikonta
Cladus: Opisthokonta
Cladus: Holozoa
Regnum: Animalia
Subregnum: Eumetazoa
Cladus: Bilateria
Cladus: Nephrozoa
Cladus: Protostomia
Cladus: Ecdysozoa
Cladus: Panarthropoda
Phylum: Arthropoda
Subphylum: Hexapoda
Classis: Insecta
Cladus: Dicondylia
Subclassis: Pterygota
Cladus: Metapterygota
Infraclassis: Neoptera
Cladus: Eumetabola
Cladus: Endopterygota
Superordo: Panorpida
Cladus: Amphiesmenoptera
Ordo: Lepidoptera
Subordo: Glossata
Cladus: Coelolepida
Cladus: Myoglossata
Cladus: Neolepidoptera
Infraordo: Heteroneura
Cladus: Eulepidoptera
Cladus: Ditrysia
Cladus: Apoditrysia
Cladus: Obtectomera
Superfamilia: Papilionoidea

Familia: Papilionidae
Subfamilia: Papilioninae
Tribus: Papilionini
Genus: Papilio
Subgenus: Papilio (Pterourus)
Species: Papilio (Pterourus) palamedes
Subspecies: P. (P.) p. leontis – P. (P.) p. palamedes
Name

Papilio (Pterourus) palamedes Drury, 1773

Type locality: Mexico.

References

Lamas, G., 2004, Atlas of Neotropical Lepidoptera; Checklist: Part 4A; Hesperioidea-Papilionoidea

Vernacular names
English: Palamedes Swallowtail

Papilio palamedes, the Palamedes swallowtail or laurel swallowtail, is a North American butterfly in the family Papilionidae.

Description

The upperside of the wings is blackish brown with both wings having a yellow postmedian band and a yellow submarginal band.[2] There is a yellow bar at the end of the forewing cell. The underside of the wings is black with the forewing having a yellow postmedian band and a yellow submarginal band. The hindwing has a few colored bands; the first being cream; the second, orange; the third, blue; and the fourth, orange.[3] There is a yellow streak on the inner margin of the hindwing which runs parallel to the body.[2] The wingspan ranges from 4+1⁄2 to 5+1⁄8 inches (11 to 13 cm).[4]
Habitat

This species may be found in habitats such as cypress swamplands, coastal swamplands, wet riparian forests, bay forests, and savannas in the southeastern United States and northeastern Mexico.[3][5]
Flight

The Palamedes swallowtail is encountered from May to October in southeastern Virginia and from March to December in more southern regions.[3] In Mexico it is represented by subspecies P. p. leontis Rothschild & Jordan, 1906.
Life cycle

Males seek females by patrolling near forest edges and forest openings. In courtship, the male and female will fly about a foot apart, slowly flying together in unison. The male will then fly above and behind the female to disperse his pheromones and he will continue to do this until the female decides to mate with him.[3] Females lay their pale greenish-yellow eggs singly on host plant leaves.[5] The larva is green with two false eyespots on the thorax. It has a few blue spots on the first abdominal segment to the eighth segment. It also lives in a leaf shelter.[6][7][3] The larva is almost identical to the caterpillar of the spicebush swallowtail (Papilio troilus, except the spicebush swallowtail larva has larger false eyes, larger blue spots, and different host plant preferences.[6][7]) However, in the coastal Southeast, a subspecies of the spicebush swallowtail P. t. ilioneus shares the redbay (Persea borbonia) as a host plant. The green chrysalis has a whitish lateral stripe edged with brown above and has two horns on the head.[5] The chrysalis hibernates.[3] The Palamedes swallowtail has two or three broods per year.[2]
Host plants

Redbay, Persea borbonia
Swampbay, Persea palustris
White sassafras, Sassafras albidum

References

"NatureServe Explorer 2.0 - Papilio palamedes Palamedes Swallowtail". explorer.natureserve.org. Retrieved 20 September 2020.
Jim P. Brock and Kenn Kaufman (2003). Butterflies of North America. Houghton Mifflin, New York, NY. ISBN 0-618-15312-8
Rick Cech and Guy Tudor (2005). Butterflies of the East Coast. Princeton University Press, Princeton, NJ. ISBN 0-691-09055-6
"Palamedes Swallowtail" [1] accessed on May 13, 2009
James A. Scott (1986). The Butterflies of North America. Stanford University Press, Stanford, CA. ISBN 0-8047-2013-4
Thomas J. Allen, Jim P. Brock, Jeffrey Glassberg (2005). Caterpillars in the Field and Garden. Oxford University Press, New York, NY. ISBN 978-0-19-514987-6
David L. Wagner (2005). Caterpillars of Eastern North America. Princeton University Press, Princeton, NJ. ISBN 0-691-12144-3