Superregnum: Eukaryota
Regnum: Animalia
Subregnum: Eumetazoa
Cladus: Bilateria
Cladus: Nephrozoa
Cladus: Protostomia
Cladus: Ecdysozoa
Cladus: Panarthropoda
Phylum: Arthropoda
Subphylum: Crustacea
Superclassis: Multicrustacea
Classis: Malacostraca
Subclassis: Eumalacostraca
Superordo: Eucarida
Ordo: Decapoda
Subordo: Pleocyemata
Infraordo: Astacidea
Superfamilia: Parastacoidea
Familia: Parastacidae
Genera: Astacoides - Astacopsis - Cherax - Engaeus - Engaewa - Euastacoides - Euastacus - Geocharax - Gramastacus - Paranephrops - Parastacoides - Parastacus - Samastacus - Tenuibranchiurus - Virilastacus - †Aenigmastacus
References
Ribeiro, F.B. & Araujo, P.B. 2017. Designation of a neotype for Parastacus nicoleti (Philippi, 1882) (Crustacea: Decapoda: Parastacidae). Zootaxa 4338(2): 393–400. DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4338.2.13. Reference page.
Ribeiro, F.B., Buckup, L., Gomes, K.M. & Araujo, P.B. 2016. Two new species of South American freshwater crayfish genus Parastacus Huxley, 1879 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Parastacidae). Zootaxa 4158(3): 301–324. DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4158.3.1. Reference page.
Vernacular names
中文: 副蝲蛄科
The Parastacidae are the family of freshwater crayfish found in the Southern Hemisphere. The family is a classic Gondwana-distributed taxon, with extant members in South America, Madagascar, Australia, New Zealand, and New Guinea, and extinct taxa also in Antarctica.
Distribution
The natural range of the family Parastacidae [2]
Three genera are found in Chile, Virilastacus, Samastacus and Parastacus, the last of which also occurs disjunctly in southern Brazil and Uruguay.
There are no crayfish native to continental Africa, but seven species on Madagascar, all of the genus Astacoides.[3]
Australasia is particularly rich in crayfish. The small genus Paranephrops is endemic to New Zealand. The genera Astacopsis is endemic to Tasmania, while a further two are found on either side of the Bass Strait – Geocharax and Engaeus. The greatest diversity, however, is found on the Australian mainland. Three genera are endemic and have restricted distributions (Engaewa, Gramastacus and Tenuibranchiurus), while two are more widespread and contain more than one hundred species between them: Euastacus, around the Australian coast from Melbourne to Brisbane, and Cherax across Australia and New Guinea. The Tasmanian genus Parastacoides was determined to be a synonym of Geocharax, and is no longer valid.[4]
Fossil record
The oldest specimens from the family Parastacidae are the Albian fossils of Palaeoechinastacus from Victoria, Australia.[5] The only northern hemisphere representative is also a fossil, Aenigmastacus crandalli from Canada.[6]
References
T. H. Huxley (1879). The Crayfish: an Introduction to the Study of Zoology. London: C. Kegan Paul & Co.
J. W. Fetzner, Jr (2005). "The crayfish and lobster taxonomy browser: a global taxonomic resource for freshwater crayfish and their closest relatives". Archived from the original on 3 March 2016. Retrieved 27 March 2006.
Christopher B. Boyko; Olga Ramilijaona Ravoahangimalala; Désiré Randriamasimanana; Tony Harilala Razafindrazaka (2005). "Astacoides hobbsi, a new crayfish (Crustacea: Decapoda: Parastacidae) from Madagascar" (PDF). Zootaxa. 1091: 41–51. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.1091.1.3. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2017-08-08. Retrieved 2012-02-15.
"World Register of Marine Species, genus Geocharax". Retrieved 2021-10-25.
Anthony J. Martin; Thomas H. Rich; Gary C. B. Poore; Mark B. Schultz; Christopher M. Austin; Lesley Kool; Patricia Vickers-Rich (2008). "Fossil evidence in Australia for oldest known freshwater crayfish of Gondwana" (PDF). Gondwana Research. 14 (3): 287–296. doi:10.1016/j.gr.2008.01.002. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2012-04-17. Retrieved 2012-02-15.
Rodney A. Feldmann, Carrie E. Schweitzer & John Leahy (2011). "New Eocene crayfish from the McAbee Beds in British Columbia: First record of Parastacoidea in the Northern Hemisphere". Journal of Crustacean Biology. 31 (2): 320–331. doi:10.1651/10-3399.1.
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