Productida

Superregnum: Eukaryota
Regnum: Animalia
Phylum: Brachiopoda
Subphylum: Rhynchonelliformea
Classis: †Strophomenata
Ordo: †Productida
Subordines: Chonetidina - Lyttoniidina - Productidina - Strophalosiidina
Name

Productida Sarytcheva & Sokolskaya, 1959
References

The Paleobiology Database Accessed 01/23/10

Productida is an extinct order of brachiopods in the extinct class Strophomenata. Members of Productida first appeared during the Silurian.[1] They represented the most abundant group of brachiopods during the Permian period, accounting for 45-70% of all species. The vast majority of species went extinct during the Permian-Triassic extinction event, though a handful survived into the Early Triassic.[2] Many productids are covered in hollow tubular spines, which are characteristic of the group. A number of functions for the spines have been proposed, including as a defensive mechanism against predators.[3]
Taxonomy

Following the Treatise[4]

• Suborder Chonetidina
  • Superfamily Chonetoidea
    • Family Strophochonetidae
    • Family Chonostrophiidae
    • Family Anopliidae
    • Family Eodevonariidae
    • Family Chonetidae
    • Family Rugosochonetidae
    • Family Daviesiellidae
• Suborder Productidina
  • Superfamily Productoidea
    • Family Productellidae
    • Family Productidae
  • Superfamily Echinoconchoidea
    • Family Echinoconchidae
    • Family Sentosiidae
  • Superfamily Linoproductoidea
    • Family Linoproductidae
    • Family Monticuliferidae
• Suborder Strophalosiidina
  • Superfamily Strophalosioidea
    • Family Strophalosiidae
    • Family Chonopectidae
    • Family Araksalosiidae
  • Superfamily Aulostegoidea
    • Family Aulostegidae
    • Family Cooperinidae
    • Family Scacchinellidae
  • Superfamily Richthofenioidea
    • Family Richthofeniidae
    • Family Hercosiidae
    • Family Cyclacanthariidae
    • Family Gemmellaroiidae
• Suborder Lyttoniidina
  • Superfamily Lyttonioidea
    • Family Lyttoniidae
    • Family Rigbyellidae
  • Superfamily Permianelloidea
    • Family Permianellidae

References

Clarkson, E. N. K. (2013-07-23). Invertebrate Palaeontology and Evolution. John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 978-1-118-68516-7.
Zhang, Yang; He, WeiHong (November 2008). "Evolutionary patterns of Productida (Brachiopoda) morphology during the Permian in South China". Science in China Series D: Earth Sciences. 51 (11): 1589–1600. doi:10.1007/s11430-008-0131-3. ISSN 1006-9313. S2CID 129786860.
Johnsen, Simen Alexander Linge; Ahmed, Madeeha; Leighton, Lindsey R. (April 2013). "The effect of spines of a Devonian productide brachiopod on durophagous predation". Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology. 375: 30–37. doi:10.1016/j.palaeo.2013.02.009.
Williams, Alwyn; Carlson, S.J.; Brunton, C.H.C.; Holmer, L.E.; Popov, L.E.; Mergl, M.; Laurie, J.R.; Bassett, M.G.; Cocks, L.R.M.; Rong, J.-Y.; et al. (2000). Paul Selden (ed.). "Part H, Brachiopoda. Linguliformea, Craniiformea, and Rhynchonelliformea". Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology. Geological Society of America.