Superregnum: Eukaryota
Cladus: Unikonta
Cladus: Opisthokonta
Cladus: Holozoa
Regnum: Animalia
Subregnum: Eumetazoa
Cladus: Bilateria
Cladus: Nephrozoa
Superphylum: Deuterostomia
Phylum: Chordata
Subphylum: Vertebrata
Infraphylum: Gnathostomata
Megaclassis: Osteichthyes
Cladus: Sarcopterygii
Cladus: Rhipidistia
Cladus: Tetrapodomorpha
Cladus: Eotetrapodiformes
Cladus: Elpistostegalia
Superclassis: Tetrapoda
Classis: Amphibia
Subclassis: Lissamphibia
Ordo: Urodela
Subordo: Salamandroidea
Familiae: Ambystomatidae - Amphiumidae - Dicamptodontidae - Plethodontidae - Proteidae - Rhyacotritonidae - Salamandridae
Unassigned Genus: †Beiyanerpeton
Name
Salamandroidea Dunn, 1922
References
Amphibian Species of the World 4.0 [1]
Vernacular names
български: Саламандроподобни
English: Advanced salamanders
español: Salamandras
suomi: Aitosalamanterit
magyar: Szalamandrák
日本語: イモリ上科
ไทย: อันดับย่อยซาลาแมนเดอร์
The Salamandroidea are a suborder of salamanders, referred to as advanced salamanders. The members of the suborder are found worldwide except for Antarctica, sub-Saharan Africa, and Oceania. They differ from suborder Cryptobranchoidea as the angular and prearticular bones in their lower jaws are fused, their trunk ribs are bicapitate, and all members use internal fertilization.[2] The female is fertilized by means of a spermatophore, a sperm-containing cap placed by the male in her cloaca. The sperm is stored in spermathecae on the roof of the cloaca until it is needed at the time of oviposition.[3]
The earliest known salamandroid fossils are specimens of the species Beiyanerpeton jianpingensis and Qinglongtriton gangouensis from the Tiaojishan Formation of Inner Mongolia, China, dated to the Late Jurassic about 157 million years ago.[4][5]
References
Anderson, J. S. (2012). "Fossils, molecules, divergence times, and the origin of Salamandroidea". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 109 (15): 5557–5558. Bibcode:2012PNAS..109.5557A. doi:10.1073/pnas.1202491109. PMC 3326514. PMID 22460794.
Miller, Jessica J. "Caudate Families (Newts & Salamanders)". Livingunderworld.org. Archived from the original on 2007-10-16. Retrieved 2007-11-09.
Sever, David M.; Stanley E. Trauth (April 1990). "Cloacal Anatomy of Female Salamanders of the Plethodontid Subfamily Desmognathinae (Amphibia: Urodela)". Transactions of the American Microscopical Society. 109 (2): 193–204. doi:10.2307/3226814. JSTOR 3226814.
Gao, K.-Q.; Shubin, N.H. (2012). "Late Jurassic salamandroid from western Liaoning, China". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 109 (15): 5767–72. Bibcode:2012PNAS..109.5767G. doi:10.1073/pnas.1009828109. PMC 3326464. PMID 22411790.
Jia, Jia; Gao, Ke-Qin (2016-05-04). "A New Basal Salamandroid (Amphibia, Urodela) from the Late Jurassic of Qinglong, Hebei Province, China". PLOS ONE. 11 (5): e0153834. Bibcode:2016PLoSO..1153834J. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0153834. ISSN 1932-6203. PMC 4856324. PMID 27144770.
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