Aythya ferina

Aythya ferina (*)

Superregnum: Eukaryota
Cladus: Unikonta
Cladus: Opisthokonta
Cladus: Holozoa
Regnum: Animalia
Subregnum: Eumetazoa
Cladus: Bilateria
Cladus: Nephrozoa
Superphylum: Deuterostomia
Phylum: Chordata
Subphylum: Vertebrata
Infraphylum: Gnathostomata
Megaclassis: Osteichthyes
Cladus: Sarcopterygii
Cladus: Rhipidistia
Cladus: Tetrapodomorpha
Cladus: Eotetrapodiformes
Cladus: Elpistostegalia
Superclassis: Tetrapoda
Cladus: Reptiliomorpha
Cladus: Amniota
Classis: Reptilia
Cladus: Eureptilia
Cladus: Romeriida
Subclassis: Diapsida
Cladus: Sauria
Infraclassis: Archosauromorpha
Cladus: Crurotarsi
Divisio: Archosauria
Cladus: Avemetatarsalia
Cladus: Ornithodira
Subtaxon: Dinosauromorpha
Cladus: Dinosauriformes
Cladus: Dracohors
Cladus: Dinosauria
Ordo: Saurischia
Cladus: Eusaurischia
Subordo: Theropoda
Cladus: Neotheropoda
Cladus: Averostra
Cladus: Tetanurae
Cladus: Avetheropoda
Cladus: Coelurosauria
Cladus: Tyrannoraptora
Cladus: Maniraptoromorpha
Cladus: Maniraptoriformes
Cladus: Maniraptora
Cladus: Pennaraptora
Cladus: Paraves
Cladus: Eumaniraptora
Cladus: Avialae
Infraclassis: Aves
Cladus: Euavialae
Cladus: Avebrevicauda
Cladus: Pygostylia
Cladus: Ornithothoraces
Cladus: Ornithuromorpha
Cladus: Carinatae
Parvclassis: Neornithes
Cohors: Neognathae
Cladus: Pangalloanserae
Cladus: Galloanseres
Ordo: Anseriformes

Familia: Anatidae
Subfamilia: Anatinae
Genus: Aythya
Species: Aythya ferina
Name

Aythya ferina (Linnaeus, 1758)
Synonymy

Anas ferina (protonym)

References

Linnaeus, C. 1758. Systema Naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Editio Decima, Reformata. Tomus I. Holmiæ (Stockholm): impensis direct. Laurentii Salvii. 824 pp. DOI: 10.5962/bhl.title.542 BHL p. 126 BHL Reference page.

Vernacular names
العربية: حمرواي
asturianu: Coríu
azərbaycanca: Qırmızıbaş dalğıc
башҡортса: Сумғыс өйрәк
беларуская: Нырок-сівак
български: Кафявоглава потапница
বাংলা: পাতি ভুতিহাঁস
brezhoneg: Morilhon penn ruz
català: Morell cap-roig
čeština: Polák velký
чӑвашла: Хĕрлĕ пуçлă улача
Cymraeg: Hwyaden Bengoch
dansk: Taffeland
Deutsch: Tafelente
Ελληνικά: Γκισάρι
English: Common Pochard
Esperanto: Brunkapa anaso
español: Porrón europeo
eesti: Punapea-vart
euskara: Murgilari arrunt
فارسی: اردک سرحنایی
suomi: Punasotka
føroyskt: Høvuðreyð ont
Nordfriisk: Toofelan
français: Fuligule milouin
Frysk: Karein
Gaeilge: Póiseard
Gàidhlig: Lach-mhàsach
galego: Parrulo chupón
Gaelg: Kione Mollagh
עברית: צולל חלודי
hrvatski: Glavata patka
magyar: Barátréce
հայերեն: Կարմրագլուխ սուզաբադ
íslenska: Skutulönd
italiano: Moriglione
日本語: ホシハジロ
ქართული: წითელთავა ყურყუმელა
қазақша: Кєк сүњгуір
한국어: 흰죽지
lietuvių: Rudagalvė antis
latviešu: Brūnkaklis
македонски: Црвеноглав кожувар
മലയാളം: ചെന്തലയൻ എരണ്ട
монгол: Улаанхүзүү шумбуур
मराठी: छोटी लालसरी
Malti: Brajmla
नेपाली: कैलोटाउके हाँस
Nederlands: Tafeleend
norsk: Taffeland
Diné bizaad: Tó wónaanídę́ę́ʼ naalʼeełí bitsiiʼ halchíiʼii
ଓଡ଼ିଆ: ତିଳସ ଗେଣ୍ଡି
polski: Głowienka zwyczajna
پنجابی: عام پوچارڈ
português: Zarro-comum
rumantsch: Anda fustga
română: Rață cu cap castaniu
русский: Красноголовый нырок
саха тыла: Күлтэн
Scots: Awteal
sardu: Cabarosu
davvisámegiella: Ruksesfiehta
srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски: Glavata patka - Главата патка
slovenčina: Chochlačka sivá
slovenščina: Sivka
shqip: Kryekuqe e mjeme
српски / srpski: Риђоглава патка - Riđoglava patka
svenska: Brunand
Kiswahili: Bata Kichwa-chekundu
தமிழ்: களியன்
ไทย: เป็ดโปช้าดหลังขาว
Türkmençe: Erigördek
Türkçe: Elmabaş patka
українська: Попелюх
oʻzbekcha/ўзбекча: Koʻkbel
vèneto: Moreton
Tiếng Việt: Vịt đầu đỏ
中文: 红头潜鸭

The common pochard (/ˈpɒtʃərd/; Aythya ferina) is a medium-sized diving duck. The scientific name is derived from Greek aithuia an unidentified seabird mentioned by authors including Hesychius and Aristotle, and Latin ferina, "wild game", from ferus, "wild".[2]

Description

The adult male has a long dark bill with a grey band, a red head and neck, a black breast, red eyes and a grey back. The adult female has a brown head and body and a narrower grey bill-band. The triangular head shape is distinctive. Pochards are superficially similar to the closely related North American redhead and canvasback.[citation needed]

Females give hoarse growls. Males have whistles cut off by a final nasal note aaoo-oo-haa.[citation needed]

Distribution and habitat

Their breeding habitat consists of marshes and lakes with a metre or more water depth. Pochards breed in much of temperate and northern Europe and across the Palearctic. They are migratory, and spend winter in the south and west of Europe.[citation needed]

In the British Isles, birds breed in eastern England and lowland Scotland, in small numbers in Northern Ireland with numbers increasing gradually, and sporadically in the Republic of Ireland, where it may also be increasing. While uncommon, individuals are also occasionally seen in the south of England, and small populations are sometimes observed on the River Thames. Large numbers stay overwinter in Great Britain, after the birds retreat from Russia and Scandinavia.[citation needed]
Ecology
Eggs, Collection Museum Wiesbaden, Germany

These are gregarious birds, forming large flocks in winter, often mixed with other diving ducks such as the tufted duck.

These birds feed mainly by diving or dabbling. They eat aquatic plants with some molluscs, aquatic insects and small fish. They often feed at night, and will up-end for food as well as the more characteristic diving. According to the article 'Patterns in the diving behaviour of the pochard, Aythya ferina: a test of an optimality model' Pochard's have a behavioral preference when it comes to their feeding patterns. This behavioral preference is that Pochards prefer shallower water in comparison to deeper water even though the food concentration in deeper water may be higher.[citation needed]

In a number of countries the population of Common Pochard is decreasing mainly due to urbanization of the natural habitats and their transformation, as well as due to overhunting.[3] The pochard is one of the species to which the Agreement on the Conservation of African-Eurasian Migratory Waterbirds (AEWA) applies.[citation needed]

References

BirdLife International (2021). "Aythya ferina". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2021: e.T22680358A205288455. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-3.RLTS.T22680358A205288455.en. Retrieved 14 March 2022.
Jobling, James A (2010). The Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names. London: Christopher Helm. pp. 64, 158. ISBN 978-1-4081-2501-4.

Common Pochard (Aythya ferina) in Armenia. 2017. In online publication: "The State of Breeding Birds of Armenia". TSE NGO, Armenian Bird Census Council. Retrieved on 10 October 2017.

Further reading
Carbone, C.; Houston, A.I. (August 1994). "Patterns in the diving behaviour of the pochard, Aythya ferina: a test of an optimality model". Animal Behaviour. 48 (2): 457–465. doi:10.1006/anbe.1994.1259. S2CID 53186922.