Lophornis chalybeus

Superregnum: Eukaryota
Cladus: Unikonta
Cladus: Opisthokonta
Cladus: Holozoa
Regnum: Animalia
Subregnum: Eumetazoa
Cladus: Bilateria
Cladus: Nephrozoa
Superphylum: Deuterostomia
Phylum: Chordata
Subphylum: Vertebrata
Infraphylum: Gnathostomata
Megaclassis: Osteichthyes
Cladus: Sarcopterygii
Cladus: Rhipidistia
Cladus: Tetrapodomorpha
Cladus: Eotetrapodiformes
Cladus: Elpistostegalia
Superclassis: Tetrapoda
Cladus: Reptiliomorpha
Cladus: Amniota
Classis: Reptilia
Cladus: Eureptilia
Cladus: Romeriida
Subclassis: Diapsida
Cladus: Sauria
Infraclassis: Archosauromorpha
Cladus: Crurotarsi
Divisio: Archosauria
Cladus: Avemetatarsalia
Cladus: Ornithodira
Subtaxon: Dinosauromorpha
Cladus: Dinosauriformes
Cladus: Dracohors
Cladus: Dinosauria
Ordo: Saurischia
Cladus: Eusaurischia
Subordo: Theropoda
Cladus: Neotheropoda
Cladus: Averostra
Cladus: Tetanurae
Cladus: Avetheropoda
Cladus: Coelurosauria
Cladus: Tyrannoraptora
Cladus: Maniraptoromorpha
Cladus: Maniraptoriformes
Cladus: Maniraptora
Cladus: Pennaraptora
Cladus: Paraves
Cladus: Eumaniraptora
Cladus: Avialae
Infraclassis: Aves
Cladus: Euavialae
Cladus: Avebrevicauda
Cladus: Pygostylia
Cladus: Ornithothoraces
Cladus: Ornithuromorpha
Cladus: Carinatae
Parvclassis: Neornithes
Cohors: Neognathae
Cladus: Neoaves
Superordo: Caprimulgimorphae
Ordo: Apodiformes

Familia: Trochilidae
Subfamilia: Trochilinae
Genus: Lophornis
Species: Lophornis chalybeus
Name

Lophornis chalybeus (Temminck, 1821)

Type locality: Brazil.

Synonyms

Trochilus chalybeus (protonym)
Polemistria chalybea (Temminck, 1821)

References

Temminck, C.J. & Laugier de Chartrouse, G.M.J.M. 1821–1838. Nouveau recueil de planches coloriées d’oiseaux, pour servir de suite et de complément aux planches enluminées de Buffon, édition in-folio et in-4° de l’Imprimerie nationale, 1770. Levrault, Paris. Vol. IV. No. 362–480 pp. 1–176. DOI: 10.5962/bhl.title.51468 BHL Reference page. livr.11 pl. 66 fig.2 BHL; text BHL.

Links

IUCN: Lophornis chalybeus (Near Threatened)

Vernacular names
English: Festive Coquette
español: Coqueta verde
français: Coquette chalybée
polski: Sylfik zielonokryzy
português: topetinho-verde

The festive coquette (Lophornis chalybeus) is a species of hummingbird in the "coquettes", tribe Lesbiini of subfamily Lesbiinae. It is endemic to Brazil.[3][4]
Taxonomy and systematics

The festive coquette and what are now the butterfly coquette (L. verreauxii) and peacock coquette (L. pavoninus) were for a time placed in genus Polemistria that was soon merged into the current Lophornis. The butterfly coquette was treated as conspecific with the festive coquette but was split as its own species in 2019. The festive coquette is monotypic.[3][5]
Female
Description

The festive coquette is 7.5 to 9.1 cm (3.0 to 3.6 in) long; adults weigh about 3 g (0.11 oz). Both sexes have a short, straight, black bill. Their upperparts are bronzy green with a pale band across the rump, their lower rump and undertail coverts are purplish bronze, and their tail is purplish copper with pale tips on the outer feathers. Adult males have an iridescent green forehead with a band of stiff black feathers around it. They have green cheek tufts tipped with white and a ruff around the bill and chin that is glittering green with white tips. Their breast is whitish streaked with black and the belly grayish brown with a blackish stripe down the middle. The adult female has blackish cheeks without the male's tufts but with a white "moustache". Its chin is pale buff with a dark spot in the center and the rest of the underparts are brownish with whitish scaling. Juveniles are similar to the adult female.[6]
Distribution and habitat

The festive coquette is found in southeastern Brazil from Espírito Santo south into Santa Catarina.[3][6] Several records in northeastern Argentina have not been confirmed so the South American Classification Committee of the American Ornithological Society (SACC) lists it as hypothetical in that country.[7] It inhabits humid primary and secondary forests and also cerrado. In elevation it ranges from sea level to 1,000 m (3,300 ft).[6]
Behavior
Movement

The festive coquette is almost entirely sedentary, though seasonal dispersal might account for the Argentina records.[6]
Feeding

The festive coquette's diet is nectar and small insects. It feeds by hovering to withdraw nectar from a wide variety of flowers but also might pierce the base of flowers to "rob" nectar. It has been observed trap-lining in limited areas. It does not defend feeding territories but will aggressively compete with other festive coquettes at a flowering plant. It might glean insects from foliage in addition to capturing them in flight.[6]
Male displaying for female
Breeding

Male festive coquettes display for females by hovering and flaring its forehead and cheek patch feathers. The breeding season has been reported by different authors to be August to November but also from October to February. The nest is a cup of soft plant down and is usually hung from the tip of thin branches between 2 and 5 m (6.6 and 16.4 ft) above the ground. The female incubates the clutch of two eggs for 13 to 14 days; fledging occurs about 22 days after hatch.[6]

Dickcissel male perched on a metal pole singing, with neck stretched and beak open.

Songs and calls
Listen to festive coquette on xeno-canto
Vocal and non-vocal sounds

The festive coquette is mostly silent. It gives "a short 'tsip' or 'chip'" while feeding. Its wings make "a low bee-like humming" when hovering.[6]
Status

The IUCN has assessed the festive coquette as Near Threatened. Its population size and trend are not known.[1] It has a limited range, and though it occurs in some protected areas, its habitat is "under threat of deforestation".[6]
References

BirdLife International (2016). "Festive Coquette Lophornis chalybeus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T22726682A94929271. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22726682A94929271.en. Retrieved 26 January 2022.
"Appendices | CITES". cites.org. Retrieved 2022-01-14.
Gill, F.; Donsker, D.; Rasmussen, P., eds. (January 2022). "Hummingbirds". IOC World Bird List. v 12.1. Retrieved January 15, 2022.
HBW and BirdLife International (2020) Handbook of the Birds of the World and BirdLife International digital checklist of the birds of the world Version 5. Available at: http://datazone.birdlife.org/userfiles/file/Species/Taxonomy/HBW-BirdLife_Checklist_v5_Dec20.zip [.xls zipped 1 MB] retrieved May 27, 2021
Remsen, J. V., Jr., J. I. Areta, E. Bonaccorso, S. Claramunt, A. Jaramillo, D. F. Lane, J. F. Pacheco, M. B. Robbins, F. G. Stiles, and K. J. Zimmer. Version 24 August 2021. A classification of the bird species of South America. American Ornithological Society. https://www.museum.lsu.edu/~Remsen/SACCBaseline.htm retrieved August 24, 2021
del Hoyo, J., T. Züchner, G. M. Kirwan, N. Collar, and P. F. D. Boesman (2021). Festive Coquette (Lophornis chalybeus), version 1.0. In Birds of the World (B. K. Keeney, Editor). Cornell Lab of Ornithology, Ithaca, NY, USA. https://doi.org/10.2173/bow.fescoq3.01 retrieved January 26, 2022
Pearman, Mark; Areta, Nacho (November 28, 2020). "Species lists of birds for South American countries and territories: Argentina". South American Classification Committee of the American Ornithological Society.