Superregnum: Eukaryota
Regnum: Animalia
Subregnum: Eumetazoa
Cladus: Bilateria
Cladus: Nephrozoa
Superphylum: Deuterostomia
Phylum: Chordata
Cladus: Craniata
Subphylum: Vertebrata
Infraphylum: Gnathostomata
Superclassis: Tetrapoda
Cladus: Reptiliomorpha
Cladus: Amniota
Classis: Reptilia
Cladus: Eureptilia
Cladus: Romeriida
Subclassis: Diapsida
Cladus: Sauria
Infraclassis: Archosauromorpha
Cladus: Crurotarsi
Divisio: Archosauria
Subsectio: Ornithodira
Subtaxon: Dinosauromorpha
Cladus: Dinosauria
Ordo: Saurischia
Cladus: Theropoda
Cladus: Neotheropoda
Infraclassis: Aves
Cladus: Euavialae
Cladus: Avebrevicauda
Cladus: Pygostylia
Cladus: Ornithothoraces
Cladus: Euornithes
Cladus: Ornithuromorpha
Cladus: Ornithurae
Cladus: Carinatae
Parvclassis: Neornithes
Cohors: Neognathae
Ordo: Strigiformes
Familia: Strigidae
Subfamilia: Surniinae
Genus: Ninox
Species: N. affinis - N. boobook - N. burhani - N. connivens – N. forbesi – N. hypogramma – N. ios – N. jacquinoti – N. japonica – N. leventisi – N. meeki – N. mindorensis – N. natalis – N. novaeseelandiae – N. obscura – N. ochracea – N. odiosa – N. philippensis – N. punctulata – N. randi – N. reyi – N. rudolfi – N. rufa – N. rumseyi – N. scutulata – N. spilocephala – N. spilonotus – N. squamipila – N. strenua – N. sumbaensis – N. theomacha – N. variegata
Species: N. affinis - N. boobook - N. burhani - N. connivens - N. ios - N. jacquinoti - N. japonica - N. meeki - N. natalis - N. novaeseelandiae - N. ochracea - N. odiosa - N. philippensis - N. punctulata - N. rudolfi - N. rufa - N. scutulata - N. squamipila - N. strenua - N. sumbaensis - N. superciliaris - N. theomacha -
Name
Ninox Hodgson, 1837
Typus
Ninox nipalensis Hodgson, 1837, = Strix lugubris Tickell, 1833, = Ninox scutulata lugubris
References
Madras Journal of Literature and Science 5: 23.
Rasmussen, P.C., Allen, D.N.S., Collar, N.J., DeMeulemeester, B., Hutchinson, R.O., Jakosalem, P.G.C., Kennedy, R.S., Lambert, F.R. & Paguntalan, L.M. 2012. Vocal divergence and new species in the Philippine Hawk Owl Ninox philippensis complex. Forktail 28: 1–20. Full article (PDF).Reference page.
Vernacular names
English: Hawk-owls
日本語: アオバズク属
Ninox is a genus of true owls comprising about 35 species found in Asia and Australasia. Many species are known as hawk-owls or boobooks, but the northern hawk-owl (Surnia ulula) is not a member of this genus.
Taxonomy
The genus was introduced by the English naturalist Brian Houghton Hodgson in 1837 with the type species as Ninox nipalensis, a junior synonym of Strix lugubris Tickell 1833. Strix lugubris is now considered a subspecies of the brown hawk-owl (Ninox scutula lugubris).[1][2]
Species
The genus contains 36 species:[3]
- † Laughing owl, Ninox albifacies (extinct)
- Rufous owl, Ninox rufa
- Powerful owl, Ninox strenua
- Barking owl, Ninox connivens
- Sumba boobook, Ninox rudolfi
- Australian boobook, Ninox boobook
- Rote boobook Ninox rotiensis
- Timor boobook Ninox fusca
- Alor boobook, Ninox plesseni
- Morepork, Ninox novaeseelandiae
- Northern boobook, Ninox japonica
- Brown hawk-owl, Ninox scutulata
- Hume's hawk-owl, Ninox obscura
- Chocolate boobook, Ninox randi
- Andaman hawk-owl, Ninox affinis
- Philippine hawk-owl group
- Luzon hawk-owl, Ninox philippensis
- Mindanao hawk-owl, Ninox spilocephala
- Camiguin hawk-owl, Ninox leventisi
- Sulu hawk-owl, Ninox reyi
- Cebu hawk-owl, Ninox rumseyi
- Romblon hawk-owl, Ninox spilonotus
- Mindoro hawk-owl, Ninox mindorensis
- Little Sumba hawk-owl, Ninox sumbaensis
- Togian boobook, Ninox burhani
- Ochre-bellied boobook, Ninox ochracea
- Cinnabar boobook, Ninox ios
- Moluccan boobook group
- Halmahera boobook, Ninox hypogramma
- Buru boobook, Ninox hantu
- Seram boobook, Ninox squamipila
- Tanimbar boobook, Ninox forbesi
- Christmas boobook, Ninox natalis
- Manus boobook, Ninox meeki
- Papuan boobook, Ninox theomacha
- Speckled boobook, Ninox punctulata
- New Britain boobook, Ninox odiosa
- New Ireland boobook, Ninox variegata
Genomic studies of the extinct laughing owl of New Zealand indicate that it actually belongs in Ninox rather than the monotypic genus Sceloglaux.[4] The fossil owls "Otus" wintershofensis and "Strix" brevis, both from the Early or Middle Miocene of Wintershof, Germany, are close to this genus; the latter was sometimes explicitly placed in Ninox (Olson 1985), but is now in Intutula. "Strix" edwardsi from the Late Miocene of La Grive St. Alban, France, might also belong into this group.
Moluccan hawk-owl (N. squamipila) (left); Timor boobook (N. boobook fusca) (right)
In human culture
"NINOX" is an Australian Army project to develop night-vision goggles; it is named after Ninox strenua.
References
Hodgson, Brian Houghton (1837). "Indication of a new genus belonging to the Strigine family, with description of the new species and type". Madras Journal of Literature and Science. 5: 23–25.
Dickinson, E.C.; Remsen, J.V., Jr., eds. (2013). The Howard & Moore Complete Checklist of the Birds of the World. Volume 1: Non-passerines (4th ed.). Eastbourne, UK: Aves Press. p. 258. ISBN 978-0-9568611-0-8.
Gill, Frank; Donsker, David; Rasmussen, Pamela, eds. (January 2021). "Owls". IOC World Bird List Version 11.1. International Ornithologists' Union. Retrieved 20 May 2021.
Wood, Jamie R.; Mitchell, Kieren J.; Scofield, R. Paul; Pietri, Vanesa L. De; Rawlence, Nicolas J.; Cooper, Alan (2016). "Phylogenetic relationships and terrestrial adaptations of the extinct laughing owl, Sceloglaux albifacies (Aves: Strigidae)". Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. 0. doi:10.1111/zoj.12483. ISSN 1096-3642.
Olson, Storrs L. (1985): IX.C. Strigiformes. In: Farner, D.S.; King, J.R. & Parkes, Kenneth C. (eds.): Avian Biology 8: 129–132. Academic Press, New York.
Further reading
Gwee, CC.Y.; Christidis, L.; Eaton, J.A.; Norman, J.A.; Trainor, C.R.; Verbelen, P.; Rheindt, F.E. (2017). "Bioacoustic and multi-locus DNA data of Ninox owls support high incidence of extinction and recolonisation on small, low-lying islands across Wallacea". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 109: 246–58. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2016.12.024. PMID 28017857.
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