Riparia

Superregnum: Eukaryota
Cladus: Unikonta
Cladus: Opisthokonta
Cladus: Holozoa
Regnum: Animalia
Subregnum: Eumetazoa
Cladus: Bilateria
Cladus: Nephrozoa
Superphylum: Deuterostomia
Phylum: Chordata
Subphylum: Vertebrata
Infraphylum: Gnathostomata
Megaclassis: Osteichthyes
Cladus: Sarcopterygii
Cladus: Rhipidistia
Cladus: Tetrapodomorpha
Cladus: Eotetrapodiformes
Cladus: Elpistostegalia
Superclassis: Tetrapoda
Cladus: Reptiliomorpha
Cladus: Amniota
Classis: Reptilia
Cladus: Eureptilia
Cladus: Romeriida
Subclassis: Diapsida
Cladus: Sauria
Infraclassis: Archosauromorpha
Cladus: Crurotarsi
Divisio: Archosauria
Cladus: Avemetatarsalia
Cladus: Ornithodira
Subtaxon: Dinosauromorpha
Cladus: Dinosauriformes
Cladus: Dracohors
Cladus: Dinosauria
Ordo: Saurischia
Cladus: Eusaurischia
Subordo: Theropoda
Cladus: Neotheropoda
Cladus: Averostra
Cladus: Tetanurae
Cladus: Avetheropoda
Cladus: Coelurosauria
Cladus: Tyrannoraptora
Cladus: Maniraptoromorpha
Cladus: Maniraptoriformes
Cladus: Maniraptora
Cladus: Pennaraptora
Cladus: Paraves
Cladus: Eumaniraptora
Cladus: Avialae
Infraclassis: Aves
Cladus: Euavialae
Cladus: Avebrevicauda
Cladus: Pygostylia
Cladus: Ornithothoraces
Cladus: Ornithuromorpha
Cladus: Carinatae
Parvclassis: Neornithes
Cohors: Neognathae
Cladus: Neoaves
Cladus: Telluraves
Cladus: Australaves
Ordo: Passeriformes
Subordo: Passeri
Infraordo: Passerida
Superfamilia: Sylvioidea

Familia: Hirundinidae
Genus: Riparia
Species: R. chinensis – R. cincta – R. congica – R. diluta – R. paludicola – R. riparia
Name

Riparia T. Forster, 1817
Typus

Riparia europaea T. Forster, 1817, = Hirundo riparia Linnaeus, 1758, = Riparia riparia

References

A synoptical catalogue of British birds: 17.

Vernacular names
azərbaycanca: Sahil qaranquşu
čeština: Břehule
чӑвашла: Çĕр чĕкеçĕ
Esperanto: Bordhirundoj
suomi: Törmäpääskyt
עברית: כוכית
latviešu: Krastu čurkstes
саха тыла: Уу хараҥаччыларын ууһа
Kiswahili: Kinega

Riparia is a genus of passerine birds in the swallow family Hirundinidae.

These are small or medium-sized swallows, ranging from 11 to 17 cm (4.3 to 6.7 in) in length. They are brown above and mainly white below, and all have a dark breast band. They are closely associated with water. They nest in tunnels which are usually excavated by the birds themselves in a natural sand bank or earth mound. They lay white eggs, which are incubated by both parents, in a nest of straw, grass, and feathers in a chamber at the end of the burrow. Some species breed colonially.

The cosmopolitan sand martin is almost completely migratory, breeding across temperate Eurasia and North America and wintering in the tropics. The other species are partial migrants or resident. Riparia martins, like other swallows, take insects in flight over water, grassland, or other open country.
Taxonomy

The genus Riparia was introduced by the German naturalist Johann Reinhold Forster in 1817 with the sand martin (Riparia riparia) as the type species.[1][2] The genus name is from the Latin riparius which means "of the riverbank"; it is derived from the Latin ripa "riverbank".[3]

The genus contains five species:[4]

Image	Scientific name	Common name	Distribution
	R. paludicola (Vieillot, 1817)	brown-throated martin	Africa
	R. chinensis (J.E. Gray, 1830)	grey-throated martin	Tajikistan, Afghanistan and Indian subcontinent to southern China, Taiwan, and the northern Philippines
	R. congica (Reichenow, 1887)	Congo martin	Congo River and its tributary, the Ubangi.
	R. riparia (Linnaeus, 1758)	sand martin or bank swallow	Breeding season: practically the whole of Europe and the Mediterranean countries, part of northern Asia and also North America. Non-breeding: eastern and southern Africa, South America and the Indian Subcontinent
	R. diluta (Sharpe & Wyatt, 1893)	pale martin or pale sand martin	central Asia to southeastern China

The genus formerly included the banded martin but this species is now placed in its own genus Neophedina.[4]
Fossil record

Riparia minor (late Miocene of Polgardi, Hungary)[5]

References
Forster, T. (1817). A Synoptical Catalogue of British Birds; intended to identify the species mentioned by different names in several catalogues already extant. Forming a book of reference to Observations on British ornithology. London: Nichols, son, and Bentley. p. 17.
Mayr, Ernst; Greenway, James C. Jr, eds. (1960). Check-list of Birds of the World. Vol. 9. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Museum of Comparative Zoology. p. 95.
Jobling, James A. (2010). The Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names. London: Christopher Helm. p. 336. ISBN 978-1-4081-2501-4.
Gill, Frank; Donsker, David; Rasmussen, Pamela, eds. (July 2021). "Swallows". IOC World Bird List Version 11.2. International Ornithologists' Union. Retrieved 18 July 2021.
Kessler, E. (2013). Neogene songbirds (Aves, Passeriformes) from Hungary. Hantkeniana. Budapest, 8:37-149.

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