Superregnum: Eukaryota
Regnum: Animalia
Subregnum: Eumetazoa
Cladus: Bilateria
Cladus: Nephrozoa
Superphylum: Deuterostomia
Phylum: Chordata
Cladus: Craniata
Subphylum: Vertebrata
Infraphylum: Gnathostomata
Superclassis: Tetrapoda
Cladus: Reptiliomorpha
Cladus: Amniota
Cladus: Synapsida
Cladus: Eupelycosauria
Cladus: Sphenacodontia
Cladus: Sphenacodontoidea
OrdoTherapsida
Cladus: Theriodontia
Subordo: Cynodontia
Cladus: Mammaliaformes
Classis: Mammalia
Subclassis: Trechnotheria
Infraclassis: Zatheria
Supercohort: Theria
Cohort: Eutheria
Cohort: Placentalia
Cladus: Boreoeutheria
Superordo: Euarchontoglires
Ordo: Rodentia
Subordo: Myomorpha
Superfamilia: Dipodoidea
Familia: Dipodidae
Subfamilia: Allactaginae
Genus: Allactaga
Species: Allactaga williamsi
Name
Allactaga williamsi Thomas, 1897
Type locality: Turkey (Van Gölü)
Synonyms
Allactaga caprimulga Ellerman, 1948
Allactaga laticeps Nehring, 1903
Allactaga schmidti Satunin, 1907
References
Allactaga williamsi in Mammal Species of the World.
Wilson, Don E. & Reeder, DeeAnn M. (Editors) 2005. Mammal Species of the World – A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference. Third edition. ISBN 0-8018-8221-4.
IUCN: Allactaga williamsi Thomas, 1897 (Least Concern)
Vernacular names
English: Williams' Jerboa
Williams' jerboa (Allactaga williamsi) is a species of jerboas native to Afghanistan, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Iran and Turkey.
Description
Similar to the other jerboas in the Allactaga genus, the Williams' Jerboa are small hopping rodents of desert regions and have large ears and a long tail. The tail assists and serves as support when the jerboa is standing upright.[2] They have long hind feet and short forelegs.[3] The forelimbs of the jerboa serve as a pair of hands for feeding, grooming, etc.[4] The males in this species do not have bacula.[5]
Distribution and habitat
Williams' jerboa is native to Anatolia, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Iran, Turkey and northwestern Iran. A separate population is found in central Afghanistan. Its typical habitat is steppe with scanty vegetation cover. It occurs in disturbed areas when sufficient suitable habitat remain but is not normally found in cultivated areas. It favours semi-arid regions and the foothills of mountainous regions. In the west of its range it is found at altitudes of up to 360 metres (1,180 ft) but ranges as high as 3,200 metres (10,500 ft) in Afghanistan.[1]
Behaviour
Williams' jerboa is mainly nocturnal and spends the day in a system of burrows. Emerging at night, it feeds on insects and plant material.[6] The Williams’ jerboa is a common food source for the long-eared owl in Turkey.[7] Breeding takes place in spring and summer when two litters, each consisting of three to six young, are reared.[1]
Status
Williams' jerboa has a wide range and, although it is found at relatively low densities, its total population is presumed to be large. It is common in parts of Azerbaijan but is rarer and has become locally extinct in parts of Turkey. The major threat it faces is the conversion of its steppe habitat into cultivated land. The International Union for Conservation of Nature has listed its conservation status as being of "least concern".[1]
References
Eken, G.; Bozdogan, M. & Molur, S. (2008). "Allactaga williamsi". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2008. Retrieved 11 February 2009.
Kirmiz, John P. Adaptation to Desert Environment; A Study on the Jerboa, Rat and Man. London: Butterworths, 1962. 17. Print.
Lagassé, Paul. "Jerboa." The Columbia Encyclopedia. 6th ed. New York: Columbia UP, 2000. Academic Search Premier. Web. 1 October 2013.
Kirmiz, John P. Adaptation to Desert Environment; A Study on the Jerboa, Rat and Man. London: Butterworths, 1962. 29. Print.
TOYRAN, Kubilay, and İrfan ALBAYRAK. "Contribution to the Biological Characteristics of Allactaga williamsi Thomas, 1897 in Kırıkkale Province (Mammalia: Rodentia)." International Journal of Natural and Engineering Sciences 3.1 (2009): 13-17.
Ercüment, Colak. "Ecology and Biology of Allactaga Elater, Allactaga Euphratica and Allactaga Williamsi (Rodentia: Dipodidae) in Turkey." Tr. J. of Zoology (1996): 105.Tr. J. of Zoology. Web. 3 Oct. 2013. http://journals.tubitak.gov.tr/zoology/issues/zoo-98-22-2/zoo-22-2-3-97042.pdf>.
Hizal, Erdem. "Diet of the Long Eared Owl, Asio Otus, in Central Anatolia (Aves: Strigidae)."Zoology in the Middle East 59.2 (2013): 118. Web. 5 Oct. 2013. http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/09397140.2013.810866#.UlNd4dLoaSo>.
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