Superregnum: Eukaryota
Cladus: Unikonta
Cladus: Opisthokonta
Cladus: Holozoa
Regnum: Animalia
Subregnum: Eumetazoa
Cladus: Bilateria
Cladus: Nephrozoa
Superphylum: Deuterostomia
Phylum: Chordata
Subphylum: Vertebrata
Infraphylum: Gnathostomata
Megaclassis: Osteichthyes
Cladus: Sarcopterygii
Cladus: Rhipidistia
Cladus: Tetrapodomorpha
Cladus: Eotetrapodiformes
Cladus: Elpistostegalia
Superclassis: Tetrapoda
Cladus: Reptiliomorpha
Cladus: Amniota
Cladus: Synapsida
Cladus: Eupelycosauria
Cladus: Sphenacodontia
Cladus: Sphenacodontoidea
Cladus: Therapsida
Cladus: Theriodontia
Subordo: Cynodontia
Infraordo: Eucynodontia
Cladus: Probainognathia
Cladus: Prozostrodontia
Cladus: Mammaliaformes
Classis: Mammalia
Subclassis: Trechnotheria
Infraclassis: Zatheria
Supercohors: Theria
Cohors: Eutheria
Infraclassis: Placentalia
Cladus: Boreoeutheria
Superordo: Euarchontoglires
Ordo: Primates
Subordo: Strepsirrhini
Infraordo: Lemuriformes
Superfamilia: Lemuroidea
Familia: Indriidae
Genus: Avahi
Species (9): A. betsileo - A. cleesei - A. laniger - A. meridionalis - A. mooreorum - A. occidentalis - A. peyrierasi - A. ramanantsoavana - A. unicolor
Name
Avahi Jourdan, 1834
Type species: Lemur laniger Gmelin, 1788
Synonyms
Habrocebus Wagner, 1839
Iropocus Gloger, 1841
Microrhynchus Jourdan, 1834 (Junior homonym of Microrhynchus Dejean, 1821)
Semnocebus Lesson, 1840
References
Andriantompohavana, R. et al. 2007. Molecular phylogeny and taxonomic revision of the woolly lemurs, genus Avahi (Primates: Lemuriformes). Special Publications, Museum of Texas Tech University (51)
Avahi in Mammal Species of the World.
Wilson, Don E. & Reeder, DeeAnn M. (Editors) 2005. Mammal Species of the World – A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference. Third edition. ISBN 0-8018-8221-4.
L'Institute, Paris 2: 231.
Wilson, D.E. & Reeder, D.M. (eds.) 2005. Mammal Species of the World: a taxonomic and geographic reference. 3rd edition. The Johns Hopkins University Press: Baltimore. 2 volumes. 2142 pp. ISBN 978-0-8018-8221-0. Reference page.
Vernacular names
Deutsch: Wollmakis
English: Woolly Lemur
The woolly lemurs, also known as avahis or woolly indris, are nine species of strepsirrhine primates in the genus Avahi. Like all other lemurs, they live only on the island of Madagascar.
With a body size of 30 to 50 cm (12 to 20 in) and a weight of 600 to 1,200 g (21 to 42 oz), the woolly lemurs are the smallest indriids. Their fur is short and woolly.[4] The body can be grey brown to reddish, with white on the back of the thighs,[5] with a long, orange tail. The head is round with a short muzzle and ears hidden in the fur.
Woolly lemurs can be found in both humid and dry forests, spending most of their time in the leafy copse. Like many leafeaters, they need long naps to digest their food. Woolly lemurs live together in groups of two to five animals, which often consist of parents and several generations of their offspring.[6]
Like all indriids, the woolly lemurs are strictly herbivorous, eating predominantly leaves, but also buds and, rarely, flowers.
Males and females live in pairs. Although likely, the presence of extrapair copulations (which exist in other pair-living nocturnal lemurs, e.g. the Masoala fork-marked lemur (Phaner furcifer)[7] and the fat-tailed dwarf lemur (Cheirogaleus medius)[8]) has never been demonstrated in Avahi species. The gestation period is four to five months, with births usually coming in September. In the first few months, the young rides on the back of its mother. After about six months, it is weaned, and can live independently after a year, although it will typically live for another year in proximity to its mother. Overall life expectancy is not known.
On November 11, 2005, a research team that discovered a new species of woolly lemur in 1990 in western Madagascar named the species, Bemaraha woolly lemur (Avahi cleesei), after actor John Cleese, in recognition of Cleese's work to save lemurs in the wild.[9] In 2006, a taxonomic revision of eastern avahis based on genetic and morphological analyses led to the identification of two additional species: A. meridionalis and A. peyrierasi.[10] Further taxonomic revision increased the number of species, by adding A. ramanantsoavana and A. betsileo.[11] Finally a new species was discovered in the Masoala peninsula, Moore's woolly lemur (A. mooreorum).[12]
Classification
Nine species are currently recognized:[13]
Eastern woolly lemur, Avahi laniger
Western woolly lemur, Avahi occidentalis
Sambirano woolly lemur, Avahi unicolor
Bemaraha woolly lemur, Avahi cleesei
Peyrieras's woolly lemur, Avahi peyrierasi
Southern woolly lemur, Avahi meridionalis
Ramanantsoavana's woolly lemur, Avahi ramanantsoavani
Betsileo woolly lemur, Avahi betsileo
Moore's woolly lemur, Avahi mooreorum
References
Groves, C. P. (2005). Wilson, D. E.; Reeder, D. M. (eds.). Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed.). Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. p. 119. ISBN 0-801-88221-4. OCLC 62265494.
"IUCN 2014". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2014.3. International Union for Conservation of Nature. 2012. Archived from the original on June 27, 2014. Retrieved 12 March 2015.
McKenna, MC; Bell, SK (1997). Classification of Mammals: Above the Species Level. Columbia University Press. p. 336. ISBN 0-231-11013-8.
Tattersall, Ian (1982). Columbia University Press (ed.). The Primates of Madagascar. New York.
Rowe, Noel (1996). The Pictorial Guide to the Living Primates. pp. 47.
Ganzhorn, J.U.; Abraham, J.P. & Razananhoera-Rakotomalala, M. (1985). "Some aspects of the natural history and food selection of Avahi laniger". Primates. 26 (4): 452–463. doi:10.1007/BF02382459. S2CID 8988639.
Schülke, O; Kappeler, PM & Zischler, H (2004). "Small testes size despite high extra-pair paternity in the pair-living nocturnal primate Phaner furcifer". Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology. 55 (3): 296–310. doi:10.1007/s00265-003-0709-x. S2CID 28992136.
Fietz J, Zischler H, Schwiegk C, Tomiuk J, Dausmann KH, Ganzhorn JU (2000). "High rates of extra-pair young in the pair-living fat-tailed dwarf lemur, Cheirogaleus medius". Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology. 49: 8–17. doi:10.1007/s002650000269. S2CID 10644300.
Thalmann, U. & T. Geissmann (2005). "New species of woolly lemur Avahi (Primates: Lemuriformes) in Bemaraha (Central Western Madagascar)". American Journal of Primatology. 67 (3): 371–376. doi:10.1002/ajp.20191. PMID 16287101. S2CID 1790777.
Zaramody A.; Fausser J.-L.; Roos C.; Zinner D.; Andriaholinirina N.; Rabarivola C.; Norscia I.; Tattersall I. & Rumpler Y. (2006). "Molecular phylogeny and taxonomic revision of the eastern woolly lemur (Avahi laniger)". Primate Report. 74: 9–22.
Andriantompohavana R.; Lei R.; Zaonarivelo J. R.; Engberg S. E.; Nalanirina G.; McGuire S. M.; Shore G. D.; Andrianasolo J.; Herrington K.; Brenneman R. A. & Louis E. E. Jr (2007). "Molecular phylogeny and taxonomic revision of the woolly lemurs, Genus Avahi (Primates: Lemuriformes)" (PDF). Special Publications of the Museum of Texas Tech University. 51: 1–64.
Lei R.; Engberg S.E.; Andriantompohavana R.; McGuire S.M.; Mittermeier R.A.; Zaonarivelo J.R.; Brenneman R.A. & Louis E.E. Jr (2008). "Nocturnal Lemur Diversity at Masoala National Park" (PDF). Special Publications of the Museum of Texas Tech University. 53: 1–48.
Mittermeier, R. A.; et al. (2008). "Lemur Diversity in Madagascar". International Journal of Primatology. 29 (6): 1607–1656. doi:10.1007/s10764-008-9317-y. hdl:10161/6237. S2CID 17614597.
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