Tropidophis

Superregnum: Eukaryota
Regnum: Animalia
Subregnum: Eumetazoa
Cladus: Bilateria
Cladus: Nephrozoa
Superphylum: Deuterostomia
Phylum: Chordata
Cladus: Craniata
Subphylum: Vertebrata
Infraphylum: Gnathostomata
Superclassis: Tetrapoda
Cladus: Reptiliomorpha
Cladus: Amniota
Classis: Reptilia
Cladus: Eureptilia
Cladus: Romeriida
Subclassis: Diapsida
Cladus: Sauria
Infraclassis: Lepidosauromorpha
Superordo: Lepidosauria
Ordo: Squamata
Subordo: Serpentes
Infraordo: Alethinophidia
Superfamilia: Anilioidea

Familia: Tropidophiidae
Genus: Tropidophis
Species: T. battersbyi – T. canus – T. caymanensis – T. celiae – T. feicki – T. fuscus – T. grapiuna – T. greenwayi – T. haetianus – T. hendersoni – T. maculatus – T. melanurus – T. morenoi – T. nigriventris – T. pardalis – T. paucisquamis – T. pilsbryi – T. preciosus – T. semicinctus – T. spiritus – T. taczanowskyi – T. wrighti – T. xanthogaster
Name

Tropidophis Bibron, 1840
References

Bibron, G. 1840: In: R. de la Sagra, Historia Física, Politica y Natural de la Isla de Cuba. Arthus Bertrand, Paris.
Bibron, G. 1843: in J.T. Cocteau and G. Bibron. 1838-1843, Reptiles, p. (5), 1-143. In R. de la Sagra, Historia Física, Politica y Natural de la Isla de Cuba. Arthus Bertrand, Paris.

Vernacular names
suomi: Maaboat

Tropidophis, common name wood snakes or West Indian wood snakes,[2] is a genus of dwarf boas[3] endemic to the West Indies and South America. Currently, 17 species are recognized.[3]

Description

Adults grow to between 30 and 60 cm (12 and 24 in) in total length (including tail). They are secretive and predominately terrestrial, found in a variety of natural habitats, including rain forest, swamps, pine woods and scrub, as well as in the vicinity of human habitation. They have a peculiar defensive habit of expelling blood from the mouth, nostrils and eyes when disturbed.[4] Some species also change colour over the course of the day.[4]

Despite their relatively small size and secretive nature, some species may be susceptible to extirpation, mainly due to habitat alteration and introduced feral animals. The Navassa Island dwarf boa, T. bucculentus, has not been seen for 100 years and is believed to be extinct.
Distribution and habitat

Found in the West Indies, Brazil, Peru and Ecuador.[1]

Species[3]	Taxon author[3]	Subsp.*[3]	Common name	Geographic range[1]
Tropidophis battersbyi	Laurent, 1949	0	Ecuadorian dwarf boa	Ecuador
Tropidophis bucculentus	(Cope, 1868)	0	Navassa Island dwarf boa	Navassa Island
Tropidophis canus	(Cope, 1868)	3	Bahamian dwarf boa	The Bahamas
Tropidophis caymanensis	Battersby, 1938	2	Cayman Islands dwarf boa	Cayman Islands
Tropidophis feicki	Schwartz, 1957	0	broad-banded dwarf boa	Western Cuba
Tropidophis fuscus	Hedges & Garrido, 1992	0	Cuban dusky dwarf boa	Northeastern Cuba
Tropidophis greenwayi	Barbour & Shreve, 1936	1	Caicos dwarf boa	Caicos Islands
Tropidophis haetianus	(Cope, 1879)	5	Haitian dwarf boa	Hispaniola and adjacent islands
Tropidophis maculatus	(Bibron, 1840)	0	spotted red dwarf boa	Western Cuba
Tropidophis melanurusT	(Schlegel, 1837)	2	Cuban giant dwarf boa	Cuba and adjacent islands
Tropidophis nigriventris	Bailey, 1937	0	black-bellied dwarf boa	Central Cuba
Tropidophis pardalis	(Gundlach, 1840)	0	leopard dwarf boa	Cuba and adjacent islands
Tropidophis paucisquamis	(F. Müller, 1901)	0	Brazilian dwarf boa	Brazil in Espírito Santo, Rio de Janeiro and São Paulo
Tropidophis pilsbryi	Bailey, 1937	1	Cuban white-necked dwarf boa	Central and eastern Cuba
Tropidophis semicinctus	(Gundlach & W. Peters, 1864)	0	yellow-banded dwarf boa	Western and central Cuba
Tropidophis taczanowskyi	(Steindachner, 1880)	0	Taczanowski's dwarf boa	Amazonian Peru and Ecuador
Tropidophis wrighti	Stull, 1928	0	gracile banded dwarf boa	Eastern Cuba

*) Not including the nominate subspecies
T) Type species[1]

The Reptile Database includes some further species:[5]

Species[5]	Taxon author[5]	Subsp.*[5]	Common name	Geographic range[5]
Tropidophis celiae	(Hedges, Estrada & Díaz, 1999)	0	Canasi dwarf boa	Cuba and adjacent islands
Tropidophis curtus	(Garman, 1887)	0	Bahama wood snake	Bahamas
Tropidophis galacelidus	Schwartz & Garrido, 1975	0	Pilsbry's dwarf boa	Cuba and adjacent islands
Tropidophis grapiuna	Curcio, Sales Nunes, Suzart Argolo, Skuk & Rodrigues, 2012	0		Brazil
Tropidophis hardyi	Schwartz & Garrido, 1975	0	blackbelly dwarf boa	Cuba
Tropidophis hendersoni	Hedges & Garrido, 2002	0	Cuban khaki dwarf boa	Cuba
Tropidophis jamaicensis	Stull, 1928	0	Jamaica dwarf boa	Jamaica
Tropidophis morenoi	Hedges, Garrido & Díaz, 2001	0	zebra dwarf boa	Cuba
Tropidophis parkeri	Grant, 1941	0	Parker's dwarf boa[6]	Little Cayman Island
Tropidophis preciosus	Curcio, Sales Nunes, Suzart Argolo, Skuk & Rodrigues, 2012	0		Brazil
Tropidophis schwartzi	Thomas, 1963	0	Schwartz' dwarf boa[6]	Cayman Islands
Tropidophis spiritus	Hedges & Garrido, 1999	0	Sancti Spíritus dwarf boa	Cuba
Tropidophis steinleini	Díaz & Cádiz, 2020	0		Cuba
Tropidophis stejnegeri	Grant, 1940	0	Stejneger's dwarf boa	northern Jamaica
Tropidophis stullae	Grant, 1940	0	Stull's dwarf boa	southern Jamaica
Tropidophis xanthogaster	Domínguez, Moreno & Hedges, 2006	0	Guanahacabibes dwarf boa	Cuba

*) Not including the nominate subspecies
References

McDiarmid RW, Campbell JA, Touré T (1999). Snake Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference, Volume 1. Washington, District of Columbia: Herpetologists' League. 511 pp. ISBN 1-893777-00-6 (series). ISBN 1-893777-01-4 (volume).
Parker HW, Grandison AGC (1977). Snakes — a Natural History. Second Edition. London and Ithaca: British Museum (Natural History) and Cornell University Press. 108 pp. + 16 plates. LCCCN 76-54625. ISBN 0-8014-1095-9 (cloth), ISBN 0-8014-9164-9 (paper).
"Tropidophis ". Integrated Taxonomic Information System. Retrieved 29 August 2007.
Domínguez, Michel; Luis V. Moreno; S. Blair Hedges (August 2006). "A new snake of the genus Tropidophis (Tropidophiidae) from the Guanahacabibes Peninsula of Western Cuba". Amphibia-Reptilia. 27: 427–432. doi:10.1163/156853806778190088.
Tropidophis at the Reptarium.cz Reptile Database. Accessed 29 June 2020.

Beolens, Bo; Watkins, Michael; Grayson, Michael (2011). The Eponym Dictionary of Reptiles. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. xiii + 296 pp. ISBN 978-1-4214-0135-5. (Tropidophis parkeri, p. 200; T. schwartzi, p. 239).

Further reading

Bibron G (1843). In: de la Sagra R (1843). Historia fisica, politica y natural de la isla de Cuba. Segunda parte historia natural. Tomo IV. Reptiles y peces. Paris: Bertrand. 255 pp. + Plates I-V. (Tropidophis, new genus, p. 124). (in Spanish).
Boulenger GA (1893). Catalogue of the Snakes in the British Museum (Natural History). Volume I., Containing the Families ... Boidæ ... London: Trustees of the British Museum (Natural History). (Taylor and Francis, printers). xiii + 448 pp. + Plates I-XXVIII. (Genus Ungalia [=Tropidophis], p. 110).
Freiberg M (1982). Snakes of South America. Hong Kong: T.F.H. Publications. 189 pp. ISBN 0-87666-912-7. (Genus Tropidophis, pp. 44, 80, 88, 188).
Schwartz A, Thomas R (1975). A Check-list of West Indian Amphibians and Reptiles. Carnegie Museum of Natural History Special Publication No. 1. Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania: Carnegie Museum of Natural History. 216 pp. (12 species of Tropidophis, pp. 191–196).