Astyanax

Superregnum: Eukaryota
Cladus: Unikonta
Cladus: Opisthokonta
Cladus: Holozoa
Regnum: Animalia
Subregnum: Eumetazoa
Cladus: Bilateria
Cladus: Nephrozoa
Superphylum: Deuterostomia
Phylum: Chordata
Subphylum: Vertebrata
Infraphylum: Gnathostomata
Megaclassis: Osteichthyes
Superclassis/Classis: Actinopterygii
Classis/Subclassis: Actinopteri
Subclassis/Infraclassis: Neopterygii
Infraclassis: Teleostei
Megacohors: Osteoglossocephalai
Supercohors: Clupeocephala
Cohors: Otomorpha
Subcohors: Ostariophysi
Sectio: Otophysa
Ordo: Characiformes

Familia: Characidae
Genus: Astyanax
Species:
a

A. abramis – A. aeneus – A. alburnus – A. altior – A. altiparanae – A. angustifrons – A. anterior – A. aramburui – A. argyrimarginatus – A. armandoi – A. asuncionensis – A. atratoensis
b–d

A. bagual – A. bimaculatus – A. biotae – A. bockmanni – A. borealis – A. bourgeti – A. brachypterygium – A. brevirhinus – A. brucutu – A. caucanus – A. chaparae – A. chico – A. clavitaeniatus – A. cordovae – A. correntinus – A. cremnobates – A. daguae – A. dissensus – A. dnophos – A. douradilho
e–g

A. eigenmanniorum – A. elachylepis – A. endy – A. epiagos – A. fasciatus – A. fasslii – A. festae – A. filiferus – A. gisleni – A. giton – A. goyacensis – A. gracilior – A. guaporensis – A. guaricana – A. guianensis – A. gymnogenys
h–k

A. hamatilis – A. hastatus – A. henseli – A. hermosus – A. integer – A. intermedius – A. ita – A. jacobinae – A. jacuhiensis – A. janeiroensis – A. jenynsii – A. joaovitori – A. jordani – A. kennedyi – A. kompi – A. kullanderi
l–m

A. lacustris – A. latens – A. laticeps – A. leonidas – A. leopoldi – A. lineatus – A. longior – A. lorien – A. maculisquamis – A. magdalenae – A. marionae – A. maximus – A. megaspilura – A. mexicanus – A. microlepis – A. multidens – A. mutator – A. myersi
n–p

A. nasutus – A. nicaraguensis – A. novae – A. obscurus – A. ojiara – A. orbignyanus – A. orthodus – A. pampa – A. paraguayensis – A. parahybae – A. paranae – A. paris – A. pataroensis – A. pedri – A. pellegrini – A. pinnata – A. pirabitira – A. pirapuan – A. polylepis – A. procerus – A. puka – A. pynandi
r–s

A. ribeirae – A. riberrimus – A. rivularis – A. robustus – A. rupestris – A. rupununi – A. saguazu – A. saltor – A. scabripinnis – A. schubarti – A. scintillans – A. siapae – A. sincora – A. stenohalinus – A. stilbe – A. superbus – A. symmetricus
t–z

A. taeniatus – A. taurorum – A. totae – A. trierythropterus – A. troya – A. tupi – A. turmalinensis – A. unitaeniatus – A. utiariti – A. validus – A. varzeae – A. venezuelae – A. villwocki – A. vittatus – A. xavante – A. xiru
Name

Astyanax Baird & Girard, 1854

Type species: A. argentatus Baird & Girard, 1854
References
Primary references

Baird, S.F. & Girard, C.F. 1854. Descriptions of new species of fishes collected in Texas, New Mexico and Sonora, by Mr. John H. Clark, on the U.S. and Mexican Boundary Survey, and in Texas by Capt. Stewart van Vliet, U.S.A. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 7: 24–29. BHL Reference page.

Additional references

Almirón, A.E. et al. 2010. Redescription of Astyanax stenohalinus Messner, 1962 (Characiformes: Characidae), a poorly known species from Argentina and Uruguay. Zootaxa, 2434: 60–68. Preview (PDF)
Bertaco, V.A. 2014: Astyanax douradilho, a new characid fish from the rio Tramandaí system, southern Brazil (Characiformes: Characidae). Zootaxa 3794(3): 492–500. DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3794.3.10 Reference page.
Burger, R., Carvalho, F.R. & Zanata, A.M. 2019. A new species of Astyanax Baird & Girard (Characiformes: Characidae) from western Chapada Diamantina, Bahia, Brazil. Zootaxa 4604(2): 369–380. DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4604.2.9 Paywall Reference page.
De Lucena, C.A.S., Bertaco, V.A. & Berbigier, G. 2013. A new species of Astyanax from headwater streams of southern Brazil (Characiformes: Characidae). Zootaxa 3700(2): 226–236. DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3700.2.2 Reference page.
Espinasa, L., Bonaroti, N., Wong, J., Pottin, K., Queinnec, E. & Rétaux, S. 2017. Contrasting feeding habits of post-larval and adult Astyanax cavefish. Subterranean Biology, 21: 1–17. DOI: 10.3897/subtbiol.21.11046 Open access Reference page.
Espinasa, L., Legendre, L., Fumey, J., Blin, M., Rétaux, S. & Espinasa, M. 2018. A new cave locality for Astyanax cavefish in Sierra de El Abra, Mexico. Subterranean Biology, 26: 39–53. DOI: 10.3897/subtbiol.26.26643 Open access Reference page.
Garutti, V. 2003. Revalidação de Astyanax rupununi Fowler, 1914 (Teleostei, Characidae) e descrição de duas espécies novas para o gênero. Papéis Avulsos de Zoologia (São Paulo), 43: 1–9. DOI: 10.1590/S0031-10492003000100001
Kopp, J., Avasthi, S. & Espinasa, L. 2018. Phylogeographical convergence between Astyanax cavefish and mysid shrimps in the Sierra de El Abra, Mexico. Subterranean Biology, 26: 75–84. DOI: 10.3897/subtbiol.26.27097 Open access Reference page.
Marinho, M.M.F., Camelier, P. & Birindelli, J.L.O. 2015. Redescription of Astyanax guianensis Eigenmann 1909 (Characiformes: Characidae), a poorly known and widespread fish from the Amazon, Orinoco and Guiana Shield drainages. Zootaxa 3931(4): 568–578. DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3931.4.6 Reference page.
Schmitter-Soto, J.J. 2016. A phylogeny of Astyanax (Characiformes: Characidae) in Central and North America. Zootaxa 4109(2): 101–130. DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4109.2.1. Reference page.
Tagliacollo, V.A. et al. 2011. Astyanax pirapuan: a new characid species from the upper Rio Paraguay system, Mato Grosso, Central Brazil (Characiformes, Characidae). Zootaxa, 2749: 40–46. Preview (PDF)
Zanata, A.M., Burger, R. & Camelier, P. 2018. Two new species of Astyanax Baird & Girard (Characiformes: Characidae) from the upper rio Paraguaçu basin, Chapada Diamantina, Bahia, Brazil. Zootaxa 4438(3): 471–490. DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4438.3.3 Paywall Reference page.

Links

Scientific Names where Genus Equals Astyanax, FishBase

Astyanax is a genus of freshwater fish in the family Characidae of the order Characiformes. Some of these fish, like many of their relatives, are kept as aquarium pets and known collectively as tetras. With around 150 described species and new ones being described yearly,[2] this genus is among the largest of the entire order; Hyphessobrycon also has more than 145 species and which one is larger at any one time depends on whether more species have been recently described in one or the other. The blind and colorless cave tetra of Mexico is a famous member of the genus, but its taxonomic position is disputed: Some recognize it as part of the Mexican tetra (A. mexicanus) and this is supported by phylogenetic evidence,[3][4][5][6][7] but others recognize the cave form as a separate species, A. jordani.[2]

The type species is A. argentatus, now regarded as a form of the Mexican tetra (A. mexicanus). The generic name comes from Astyanax, a character in Greek mythology, who was the son of Hector of Troy; in homage to this, several specific epithets also refer to the Iliad.[2]
Taxonomy and systematics

This genus is more or less defined as in 1917 by Carl H. Eigenmann. The lack of comprehensive phylogenetic analyses dealing with this genus is hindering a thorough review and the relationships remain as indeterminate as the monophyly is doubtful. The results of 2020 study using a combination of molecular and morphological data appeared to confirm that Astyanax is not monophyletic and suggested the creation of two new genera and the resurrection of Psalidodon.[8] Although included in Astyanax by FishBase, phylogenetic evidence supports moving A. aurocaudatus back to the monotypic genus Carlastyanax.[9]
Species

There are currently 124 recognized species in this genus:

Astyanax abramis (L. Jenyns, 1842)[10]
Astyanax acatlanensis Schmitter-Soto, 2017
Astyanax aeneus (Günther, 1860) (Banded tetra)
Astyanax altior C. L. Hubbs, 1936 (Yucatán tetra)
Astyanax altiparanae Garutti & Britski, 2000
Astyanax angustifrons (Regan, 1908)
Astyanax aramburui Protogino, Miquelarena & H. L. López, 2006
Astyanax argentatus Baird & Girard, 1854 (Texan tetra)
Astyanax argyrimarginatus Garutti, 1999
Astyanax asuncionensis Géry, 1972
Astyanax atratoensis C. H. Eigenmann, 1907
Astyanax aurocaudatus Eigenmann, 1913
Astyanax bacalarensis Schmitter-Soto, 2017
Astyanax bagual Bertaco & Vigo, 2015[11]
Astyanax baileyi (D. E. Rosen, 1972)[1]
Astyanax belizianus (Bocourt, 1868) (Belizean tetra)
Astyanax bimaculatus (Linnaeus, 1758) (Two-spot tetra)
Astyanax biotae R. M. C. Castro & Vari, 2004
Astyanax boliviensis Ruiz-C., Román-Valencia, Taphorn, Buckup & Ortega, 2018
Astyanax bourgeti C. H. Eigenmann, 1908
Astyanax brachypterygium Bertaco & L. R. Malabarba, 2001
Astyanax bransfordii (T. N. Gill, 1877)[1]
Astyanax brevimanus (Günther, 1864) (Quiché tetra)
Astyanax brevirhinus C. H. Eigenmann, 1908
Astyanax caballeroi (Contreras-Balderas & Rivera-Tiellery, 1985)[1]
Astyanax caucanus (Steindachner, 1879)
Astyanax chaparae Fowler, 1943
Astyanax clavitaeniatus Garutti, 2003
Astyanax cocibolca W. A. Bussing, 2008
Astyanax cordovae (Günther, 1880)
Astyanax courensis Bertaco, F. R. de Carvalho & Jerep, 2010
Astyanax cremnobates Bertaco & L. R. Malabarba, 2001
Astyanax cubilhuitz Schmitter-Soto, 2017
Astyanax depressirostris A. Miranda-Ribeiro, 1908
Astyanax dissimilis Garavello & F. A. A. Sampaio, 2010[12]
Astyanax dnophos F. C. T. Lima & Zuanon, 2004
Astyanax dorioni (D. E. Rosen, 1970)[1]
Astyanax douradilho Bertaco, 2014[13]
Astyanax elachylepis Bertaco & P. H. F. Lucinda, 2005
Astyanax embera Ruiz-C., Román-Valencia, Taphorn, Buckup & Ortega, 2018
Astyanax epiagos Zanata & Camelier, 2008
Astyanax eremus Ingenito & Duboc, 2014[14]
Astyanax fasslii (Steindachner, 1915)
Astyanax filiferus (C. H. Eigenmann, 1913)
Astyanax finitimus (Bocourt, 1868) (Veracruz tetra)
Astyanax gandhiae Ruiz-C., Román-Valencia, Taphorn, Buckup & Ortega, 2018
Astyanax gisleni Dahl, 1943
Astyanax goyacensis C. H. Eigenmann, 1908
Astyanax goyanensis (P. Miranda-Ribeiro, 1944)
Astyanax gracilior C. H. Eigenmann, 1908
Astyanax guaricana C. A. M. Oliveira, Abilhoa & Pavanelli, 2013[15]
Astyanax henseli F. A. G. Melo & Buckup, 2006
Astyanax integer G. S. Myers, 1930
Astyanax jacobinae Zanata & Camelier, 2008 (Piaba)
Astyanax jacuhiensis (Cope, 1894)
Astyanax jenynsii (C. H. Eigenmann, 1877)
Astyanax joaovitori Oliveira, Pavanelli & Bertaco, 2017
Astyanax jordanensis Vera Alcaraz, Pavanelli & Bertaco, 2009
Astyanax jordani (C. L. Hubbs & Innes, 1936)
Astyanax kennedyi Géry, 1964
Astyanax keronolepis Silva, Malabarba & Malabarba, 2019
Astyanax kompi Hildebrand, 1938
Astyanax kullanderi W. J. E. M. Costa, 1995
Astyanax lacustris (Lütken, 1875)[10]
Astyanax laticeps (Cope, 1894)
Astyanax leopoldi Géry, Planquette & Le Bail, 1988
Astyanax lineatus (Perugia, 1891)
Astyanax longior (Cope, 1878)
Astyanax longirhinus Garavello & F. A. A. Sampaio, 2010[12]
Astyanax macal Schmitter-Soto, 2017
Astyanax maculisquamis Garutti & Britski, 1997
Astyanax magdalenae C. H. Eigenmann & Henn, 1916
Astyanax maximus (Steindachner, 1876)
Astyanax megaspilura Fowler, 1944
Astyanax mexicanus (De Filippi, 1853) (Mexican tetra)
Astyanax microlepis C. H. Eigenmann, 1913
Astyanax microschemos Bertaco & C. A. S. Lucena, 2006
Astyanax minor Garavello & F. A. A. Sampaio, 2010[12]
Astyanax moorii (Boulenger, 1892)
Astyanax multidens C. H. Eigenmann, 1908
Astyanax myersi (Fernández-Yépez, 1950)
Astyanax nasutus Meek, 1907
Astyanax nicaraguensis C. H. Eigenmann & Ogle, 1907
Astyanax novae C. H. Eigenmann, 1911[16]
Astyanax obscurus (R. F. Hensel, 1870)
Astyanax ocotal Valdez-Moreno, Rodiles-Hernández & Schmitter-Soto, 2017
Astyanax orbignyanus (Valenciennes, 1850)
Astyanax orthodus C. H. Eigenmann, 1907
Astyanax panamensis Günther, 1864[1] (Panamanian tetra)
Astyanax paraguayensis (Fowler, 1918)
Astyanax paranahybae C. H. Eigenmann, 1911
Astyanax pardensis Salgado, 2021
Astyanax pedri (Eigenmann, 1908)
Astyanax petenensis (Günther, 1864) (Petén tetra)
Astyanax pirabitira C. A. S. Lucena, Bertaco & Berbigier, 2013[17]
Astyanax pirapuan Tagliacollo, Britzke, G. S. C. Silva & Benine, 2011[18]
Astyanax poetzschkei C. G. E. Ahl, 1932
Astyanax procerus C. A. S. Lucena, J. B. Castro & Bertaco, 2013[19]
Astyanax rioverde Lozano-Vilano & Schmitter-Soto, 2017
Astyanax robustus Meek, 1912
Astyanax ruberrimus C. H. Eigenmann, 1913
Astyanax rupununi Fowler, 1914
Astyanax saltor Travassos, 1960
Astyanax salvatoris Valdez-Moreno, Lozano-Vilano & Schmitter-Soto, 2017
Astyanax scabripinnis (L. Jenyns, 1842)
Astyanax scintillans G. S. Myers, 1928
Astyanax serratus Garavello & F. A. A. Sampaio, 2010[12]
Astyanax siapae Garutti, 2003
Astyanax stilbe (Cope, 1870)
Astyanax superbus G. S. Myers, 1942
Astyanax symmetricus C. H. Eigenmann, 1908
Astyanax tamiahua Schmitter-Soto, 2017
Astyanax tehuacanensis Schmitter-Soto, 2017
Astyanax totae Ferreira Haluch & Abilhoa, 2005
Astyanax trierythropterus Godoy (pt), 1970
Astyanax turmalinensis Triques, Vono & Caiafa, 2003
Astyanax unitaeniatus Garutti, 1998
Astyanax utiariti Bertaco & Garutti, 2007
Astyanax validus Géry, Planquette & Le Bail, 1991
Astyanax varzeae Abilhoa & Duboc, 2007
Astyanax venezuelae L. P. Schultz, 1944
Astyanax vermilion Zanata & Camelier, 2009
Astyanax villwocki Zarske & Géry, 1999
Astyanax yariguies (Torres-Mejia, Hernández & Senechal, 2012)

References

Schmitter-Soto, Juan J. (2016). "A phylogeny of Astyanax (Characiformes: Characidae) in Central and North America". Zootaxa. 4109 (2): 101–130. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.4109.2.1. PMID 27394856.
Froese, Rainer and Pauly, Daniel, eds. (2016). Species of Astyanax in FishBase. October 2016 version.
Jeffery W (2009). "Regressive evolution in Astyanax cavefish". Annu. Rev. Genet. 43: 25–47. doi:10.1146/annurev-genet-102108-134216. PMC 3594788. PMID 19640230.
Dowling TE, Martasian DP, Jeffery WR (2002). "Evidence for multiple genetic forms with similar eyeless phenotypes in the blind cavefish, Astyanax mexicanus". Mol. Biol. Evol. 19 (4): 446–455. doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.molbev.a004100. PMID 11919286.
Bradic, Martina; Beerli, Peter; García-de León, Francisco J; Esquivel-Bobadilla, Sarai; Borowsky, Richard L (2012). "Gene flow and population structure in the Mexican blind cavefish complex (Astyanax mexicanus)". BMC Evolutionary Biology. 12 (1): 9. doi:10.1186/1471-2148-12-9. PMC 3282648. PMID 22269119.
Strecker U, Faúndez VH, Wilkens H (2004). "Phylogeography of surface and cave Astyanax (Teleostei) from Central and North America based on cytochrome b sequence data". Mol. Phylogenet. Evol. 33 (2): 469–481. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2004.07.001. PMID 15336680.
Keene; Yoshizawa; McGaugh (2016). Biology and Evolution of the Mexican Cavefish. pp. 77–87. ISBN 978-0-12-802148-4.
Guillermo E. Terán; Mauricio F. Benitez; J. Marcos Mirande (2020). "Opening the Trojan horse: phylogeny of Astyanax, two new genera and resurrection of Psalidodon (Teleostei: Characidae)". Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. 190 (4): 1217–1234. doi:10.1093/zoolinnean/zlaa019.
Mirande JM, Jerep FC, Vanegas-Ríos JA (2013). "Phylogenetic relationships of the enigmatic Carlastyanax aurocaudatus (Eigenmann) with remarks on the phylogeny of the Stevardiinae (Teleostei: Characidae)". Neotropical Ichthyology. 11 (4): 747–766. doi:10.1590/s1679-62252013000400003.
Lucena CA, Soares HG (2016). "Review of species of the Astyanax bimaculatus "caudal peduncle spot" subgroup sensu Garutti & Langeani (Characiformes, Characidae) from the rio La Plata and rio São Francisco drainages and coastal systems of southern Brazil and Uruguay". Zootaxa. 4072 (1): 101–125. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.4072.1.5. PMID 27395912.
Bertaco VA, Vigo AC (2015). "A new species of Astyanax Baird & Girard (Ostariophysi: Characidae) from the rio Taquari-Antas basin, southern Brazil" (PDF). Neotropical Ichthyology. 13 (2): 265–272. doi:10.1590/1982-0224-20140145.
Garavello, J.C.; Sampaio, F.A.A. (2010). "Five new species of genus Astyanax Baird & Girard, 1854 from Rio Iguaçu, Paraná, Brazil (Ostariophysi, Characiformes, Characidae)" (PDF). Brazilian Journal of Biology. 70 (3): 847–865. doi:10.1590/s1519-69842010000400016. PMID 21085790.
Bertaco, V.A. (2014). "Astyanax douradilho, a new characid fish from the rio Tramandaí system, southern Brazil (Characiformes: Characidae)" (PDF). Zootaxa. 3794 (3): 492–500. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.3794.3.10. PMID 24870337.
Ingenito, L.F.S.; Duboc, L.F. (2014). "A new species of Astyanax (Ostariophysi: Characiformes: Characidae) from the upper rio Iguaçu basin, southern Brazil". Neotropical Ichthyology. 12 (2): 281–290. doi:10.1590/1982-0224-20130117.
Oliveira CA, Abilhoa V, Pavanelli CS (2013). "Astyanax guaricana (Ostariophysi: Characidae), a new species from the rio Cubatão drainage, Paraná State, Southern Brazil". Neotropical Ichthyology. 11 (2): 291–296. doi:10.1590/s1679-62252013000200007.
Freitas MR, Lucinda PH, Lucena CA (2015). "Redescription of Astyanax novae Eigenmann, 1911 (Teleostei: Characidae)". Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters. 26 (2): 183–192.
Lucena CA, Bertaco VA, Berbigier G (2013). "A new species of Astyanax from headwater streams of southern Brazil (Characiformes: Characidae)". Zootaxa. 3700 (2): 226–236. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.3700.2.2. PMID 26106724.
Tagliacollo VA, Britzke R, Silva GS, Benine RC (2011). "Astyanax pirapuan: a new characid species from the upper Rio Paraguay system, Mato Grosso, Central Brazil (Characiformes, Characidae)" (PDF). Zootaxa. 2749: 40–46. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.2749.1.3. hdl:11449/41580.
Lucena CA, Castro JB, Bertaco VA (2013). "Three new species of Astyanax from drainages of southern Brazil (Characiformes: Characidae)". Neotropical Ichthyology. 11 (3): 537–552. doi:10.1590/s1679-62252013000300007.