Aristida contorta

Classification System: APG IV

Superregnum: Eukaryota
Regnum: Plantae
Cladus: Angiosperms
Cladus: Monocots
Cladus: Commelinids
Ordo: Poales

Familia: Poaceae
Subfamilia: Aristidoideae
Tribus: Aristideae
Genus: Aristida
Species: Aristida contorta
Name

Aristida contorta F.Muell., Trans. & Proc. Victorian Inst. Advancem. Sci. 1: 44 (1855).
Synonyms

Heterotypic
Aristida arenaria Gaudich., Voy. Uranie: 407 (1829), nom. illeg.
Arthratherum arenarium Nees in J.G.C.Lehmann, Pl. Preiss. 2: 98 (1846).
Aristida arenaria var. hirsuta Henrard, Meded. Rijks-Herb. 54: 36 (1926).
Aristida arenaria var. brevistipitata Henrard, Meded. Rijks-Herb. 54C: 703 (1933).
Aristida contorta var. hirsuta (Henrard) H.Eichler, Suppl. J. M. Black, Fl. S. Austral., ed. 2: 48 (1965).

Distribution
Native distribution areas:

Continental: Australasia
Regional: Australia
New South Wales; Northern Territory; Queensland; South Australia; Victoria; Western Australia

References: Brummitt, R.K. 2001. TDWG – World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions, 2nd Edition
References
Primary references

Mueller, F.J.H. von. 1855. Description of fifty new Australian plants, chiefly from the colony of Victoria. Transactions and Proceedings of the Victorian Institute for the Advancement of Science 1: 28–48, 114–135. BHL Reference page. :44.

Links

Govaerts, R. et al. 2019. Aristida contorta in Kew Science Plants of the World online. The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Published online. Accessed: 2019 Dec 16. Reference page.
International Plant Names Index. 2019. Aristida contorta. Published online. Accessed: Dec 16 2019.
Tropicos.org 2019. Aristida contorta. Missouri Botanical Garden. Published online. Accessed: 16 Dec 2019.
USDA, ARS, National Genetic Resources Program. Germplasm Resources Information Network - (GRIN) [Online Database]. [1]

Vernacular names
English: bunch kerosene grass

Aristida contorta, commonly known as bunched kerosene grass,[1][2] kerosene grass, bunched windgrass, silvergrass, mulga grass, sand speargrass,[3] and medicine grass,[4] is a species of grass in the family Poaceae that is native in Australia. The Walmajarri name for this species is Ngirrirli.[4]

Description

The annual or short-lived perennial grass has a tufted habit and typically grows to a height of 0.12 to 0.44 m (4.7 in to 1 ft 5.3 in).[1] The culms are erect or geniculately ascending and have two to four nodes. The internodes mid-culm are glabrous and have branched lateral branches. It can have smooth or scaberulous leaf-sheaths with a glabrous or hairy surface. The ligule has a fringe of 0.3 to 0.5 mm (0.012 to 0.020 in) hairs. The flexuous, filiform leaf-blades can have a smooth or scaberulous surface with a length of 3 to 10 cm (1.2 to 3.9 in) and a width of 1 mm (0.039 in).[5] It blooms between February and June producing brown coloured flowers.[1] Each compound inflorescence has en elliptic shaped panicle with a length of 9 to 26 cm (3.5 to 10.2 in) and a width of 4 to 9 cm (1.6 to 3.5 in). Spikelets are pedicelled containing one flower. The spikelets are lanceolate with a length of 12 to 30 mm (0.47 to 1.18 in).[5]
Taxonomy

The species was first formally described by Ferdinand von Mueller in 1855 as part of the work Description of fifty new Australian plants, chiefly from the colony of Victoria as published in the Transactions and Proceedings of the Victorian Institute for the Advancement of Science. Synonyms include Aristida arenaria var. brevistipitata, Aristida arenaria var. hirsuta, Arthratherum arenarium, Aristida arenaria and Aristida contorta var. hirsuta.[2] It is closely related to Aristida holathera with which A. contorta is able to hybrise.[5]
Distribution

It is present throughout most of mainland Australia[2] where it can grow in red, white or yellow sand, red or brown clay or loamy soils.[1] The grass is adapted to survive in the most arid areas of Australia and is prevalent in most arid and semi-arid localities. It is often associated with Eucalyptus and Acacia aneura woodland communities.[5]
Uses

The grass, when dominant, is an indicator of poor pasture. It is a normal part of grassland pastures and can be grazed by cattle and sheep along with other more-palatable species, but is mostly considered to be undesirable. The proportion of the plant in grazing areas tends to increase over time as it has low palatability. Although it has low forage value it has some moisture retaining capacity and is able to grow quickly.[6]
See also

List of Aristida species

References

"Aristida contorta". FloraBase. Western Australian Government Department of Biodiversity, Conservation and Attractions.
"Aristida contorta F.Muell. Bunched Kerosene Grass". Atlas of Living Australia. Global Biodiversity Information Facility. Retrieved 15 January 2019.
"Aristida contorta". Factsheet. Lucid. Retrieved 15 January 2019.
Bessie Doonday; Charmia Samuels; Evelyn (Martha) Clancy; et al. (2013). "Walmajarri plants and animals". Northern Territory Botanical Bulletin. 42: 105. Wikidata Q106088428.
"Aristida contorta". Grasses of Australia. Ausgrass2. Retrieved 15 January 2019.
"Bunched kerosene grass". Department of Primary Industries and Regional Development. 16 August 2018. Retrieved 15 January 2019.