Aristolochia contorta

Classification System: APG IV

Superregnum: Eukaryota
Regnum: Plantae
Cladus: Angiosperms
Cladus: Magnoliids
Ordo: Piperales

Familia: Aristolochiaceae
Subfamilia: Aristolochioideae
Genus: Aristolochia
Species: Aristolochia contorta
Name

Aristolochia contorta Bunge, Enum. Pl. China Bor., 58. 1833.
Synonyms

Aristolochia nipponica Makino

Distribution
Native distribution areas:

Continental: Asie
China (Gansu, Hebei, Heilongjiang, Henan, Shandong, Jilin, Liaoning, Shaanxi, Shandong, Shanxi), Japan (Honshu), Russian Far East (Ussuri), North Korea, South Korea, Vietnam

References: Brummitt, R.K. 2001. TDWG – World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions, 2nd Edition
References

Bunge, A.v., 1833. Enum. Pl. China Bor. 58. (Mém. Acad. Imp. Sci. St.-Pétersbourg Divers Savans 2:132. 1835)
USDA, ARS, National Genetic Resources Program. Germplasm Resources Information Network - (GRIN) [Online Database]. [1]

Links

Hassler, M. 2018. Aristolochia contorta. World Plants: Synonymic Checklists of the Vascular Plants of the World In: Roskovh, Y., Abucay, L., Orrell, T., Nicolson, D., Bailly, N., Kirk, P., Bourgoin, T., DeWalt, R.E., Decock, W., De Wever, A., Nieukerken, E. van, Zarucchi, J. & Penev, L., eds. 2018. Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life. Published on the internet. Accessed: 2018 Dec. 28. Reference page.
International Plant Names Index. 2018. Aristolochia contorta. Published online. Accessed: Dec. 28 2018.
The Plant List 2013. Aristolochia contorta in The Plant List Version 1.1. Published on the internet. Accessed: 2018 Dec. 28.
Tropicos.org 2018. Aristolochia contorta. Missouri Botanical Garden. Published on the internet. Accessed: 2018 Dec. 28.

Vernacular names

Aristolochia contorta, commonly known as northern pipevine,[1] also known as birthwort, is a climbing perennial shrub.[2]

Ecology

Aristolochia contorta is a perennial herbaceous plant with stout elongated rhizomes that grows on the edges of the mountains, fields or forests in Korea, Japan, and eastern China.[2] It is rarely found in open fields along the edge of the forests. It grows well in sunny places or slightly or fully shaded places with well-drained soil, and grows up to 1.5 metres (4 ft 11 in).
Stem

Its glabrous stems grow up to 1 metre (3 ft 3 in)-1.5 metres (4 ft 11 in). The color of the new sprouts is dark purple, and eventually turns green or even slightly white. It grows up winding around other objects.
Leaves

Its heart-shaped or egg-shaped leaves sprout unevenly and the color is white tinged with green. The length extends from 4 centimetres (1.6 in) - 10 centimetres (3.9 in), and the width extends from 3.5 centimetres (1.4 in)-8 centimetres (3.1 in).[2] The edges are dull and the petioles are long.
Flower
Flowers of Aristolochia contorta

Green and purple tube shaped flowers bloom during July to August, coming out from the axils. Calyx tubes are glabrous and widen to the bottom, and narrowing towards the top they open widely like horns.[3] One side of the lobes lengthen with sharp edges, and the length of the peduncles are 1 centimetre (0.39 in) - 4 centimetres (1.6 in). The flowers do not have floral leaves and consist of 6 stamens and 6 pistils joined together as a whole. The ovaries are very thin, long and fragile.
Fruit
Fruits of Aristolochia contorta

The globular shaped fruits bore on October, has 6 holes containing many seeds. The lower part of the fruits divide, each of them hanging on to the peduncles, splitting like tiny strands, and shape like parachutes.
Chemical constituents

Aristolochia contorta contains the carcinogenic chemical compounds aristolochic acid and derivatives.[2] The plant also contains aristolactam derivatives and N-glycosides: 8-desmethoxyaristolactam, 6-hydroxy-8-desmethoxyaristolactam N-b-d-glucopyranoside and oxoaporphines.[2] A. contarta is believed to be antimicrobial, hallucinogenic, immunostimulating, antitumour, and hypotensive.[2]
Traditional medicine

In Korean traditional prescription, their fruits and roots are used medicinally. The fruits are used for treating phlegm, asthma, hemorrhoids and high blood pressure, and the roots for enteritis, boils, and abdominal inflation.[3]
Breeding method

The seeds gathered in October are most productive, and the roots of early spring or fall can be divided for planting.
Care

Grows best planted in pots and gardens, and planted on slopes with well-drained soil. The plants must be watered two to three days apart.
Consumption

After the peeled fruits roasted on high heat are ground into powder, 4 grams (0.14 oz) of it must be boiled in 200 millilitres (7.0 imp fl oz; 6.8 US fl oz) of water.
References

English Names for Korean Native Plants (PDF). Pocheon: Korea National Arboretum. 2015. p. 359. ISBN 978-89-97450-98-5. Archived from the original (PDF) on 25 May 2017. Retrieved 25 January 2016 – via Korea Forest Service.
WHO Regional Publication (1998). Medicinal Plants in the Republic of Korea. Seoul National University. p. 33. ISBN 92 9061 120 0.
Botanical art of Korean medicinal plants. Korea National Arboretum. 2009. pp. 28–29.