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Aristolochia littoralis

Aristolochia littoralis

Classification System: APG IV

Superregnum: Eukaryota
Regnum: Plantae
Cladus: Angiosperms
Cladus: Magnoliids
Ordo: Piperales

Familia: Aristolochiaceae
Subfamilia: Aristolochioideae
Genus: Aristolochia
Species: Aristolochia littoralis
Name

Aristolochia littoralis Parodi, Anales Soc. Ci. Argent. 5: 155 (Contrib. 47). (1878)

Synonyms

Aristolochia elegans Mast., (1885)
Aristolochia elegans var. hassleriana (Chod.) Hassler
Aristolochia hassleriana Chodat

Note: Has precedent over Aristolochia elegans Mast., (1885)
Distribution
Native distribution areas:

Continental: Southern America
Bolivia (Santa Cruz), Colombia (Antioquia, Caldas, Cauca, Magdalena, Meta, Valle), Argentina (Corrientes, Entre Rios, Jujuy, Misiones, Santa Fe), S-Brazil (Parana, Santa Catarina), Paraguay (Amambay, Central, Concepcion, Cordillera, Paraguari, San Pedro), Ecuador, N-Brazil (Rondonia), NE-Brazil (Ceara), WC-Brazil (Mato Grosso, Mato Grosso do Sul), SE-Brazil (Minas Gerais, Sao Paulo, Rio de Janeiro)

References: Brummitt, R.K. 2001. TDWG – World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions, 2nd Edition
References

Parodi, D. 1878. Anales de la Sociedad Cientifica Argentina 5: 155 (Contrib. 47).

Links

Govaerts, R. et al. 2022. Aristolochia littoralis in Kew Science Plants of the World online. The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Published online. Accessed: 2022 June 24. Reference page.
Hassler, M. 2018. Aristolochia littoralis. World Plants: Synonymic Checklists of the Vascular Plants of the World In: Roskovh, Y., Abucay, L., Orrell, T., Nicolson, D., Bailly, N., Kirk, P., Bourgoin, T., DeWalt, R.E., Decock, W., De Wever, A., Nieukerken, E. van, Zarucchi, J. & Penev, L., eds. 2018. Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life. Published online. Accessed: 2018 Dec. 29. Reference page.
International Plant Names Index. 2018. Aristolochia littoralis. Published online. Accessed: Dec. 29 2018.
USDA, ARS, Germplasm Resources Information Network. Aristolochia littoralis in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), U.S. Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service.

Vernacular names
English: Elegant Dutchman's-pipe
\Aristolochia littoralis, the calico flower or مورپنکھ بیل or elegant Dutchman's pipe, is a species of evergreen vine belonging to the family Aristolochiaceae.

Etymology

The scientific name Aristolochia was developed from Ancient Greek aristos (άριστος) "best" + locheia (λοχεία), "childbirth" or "childbed", as in ancient times the plant was thought to be effective against infections caused by childbirth. The species Latin name littoralis means “coastal”.
Description

Aristolochia littoralis is a climbing vine that can reach about 3–4.5 metres (9.8–14.8 ft) in length. The slender stems are woody and the leaves are bright green, cordate, amplexicaul, 7–9 centimetres (2.8–3.5 in) long and 5–10 centimetres (2.0–3.9 in) wide, forming a dense attractive foliage. Flowers are heart-shaped, greenish yellow with intricate purplish-brown markings. These unusual flowers are about 7–8 centimetres (2.8–3.1 in) long, grow solitary in the leaf axils and resemble Sherlock Holmes's pipe (hence the common name of "Dutchman's pipe"). The inner surface of the flared mouth is completely purplish-brown. The flowering period extends through all summer. These plants are pollinated by flies which are attracted by the unpleasant carrion-like odor produced by the flowers. The numerous winged seeds are borne in dry dehiscent capsules that split like small parachutes. As the seeds are winged they are easily dispersed by wind. Plants in the related genus Pararistolochia differ by having fleshy moist fruit that do not split. This plant contains aristolochic acid, a toxic alkaloid.
Distribution

The vining plant is native to southern and western South America. It is found in:

Brazil in Ceara, Mato Grosso, Mato Grosso do Sul, Minas Gerais, Parana, Rio de Janeiro, Rondonia, Santa Catarina, and São Paulo states.
Argentina in Corrientes, Entre Rios, Jujuy, Misiones, and Santa Fe Provinces.
Paraguay in Amambay, Central, Concepcion, Cordillera, Paraguari, and San Pedro Departments.
Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru.

It is an invasive species in Australia and in the southern United States. In Australia it is fatal to the caterpillars of two butterflies, the Cairns birdwing (Ornithoptera euphorion) and of the threatened Richmond birdwing (O. richmondia), and threatens to displace their proper host plant, A. tagala.
Habitat

Aristolochia littoralis prefers acid-neutral soils (pH 5.5 – 7.0) and average moisture, in part sun to shade, at an elevation of about 0–1,150 metres (0–3,773 ft)
Cultivation

This subtropical plant requires a minimum temperature of 7 °C, and in temperate regions is grown under glass. It has gained the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit.[4]

References

Mast. Gard. Chron., n.s. 24(610): 301, t. 64 1885
F. González Fl. Colombia 12: 90 1990
Hassl. Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 11: 177 1912

"RHS Plant Selector Aristolochia littoralis AGM / RHS Gardening". Apps.rhs.org.uk. Retrieved 2012-08-29.

Forest Starr, Kim Starr, and Lloyd Loope Aristolochia littoralis
"Aristolochia elegans". Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN). Agricultural Research Service (ARS), United States Department of Agriculture (USDA).
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