Arundina

Classification System: APG IV

Superregnum: Eukaryota
Regnum: Plantae
Cladus: Angiosperms
Cladus: Monocots
Ordo: Asparagales

Familia: Orchidaceae
Subfamilia: Epidendroideae
Tribus: Arethuseae
Subtribus: Arethusinae
Genus: Arundina
Species: A. graminifolia
Name

Arundina Blume, Bijdr.: 401 (1825)

monotypic taxon

Synonymy

Arnedina Rchb., Deut. Bot. Herb.-Buch: 1984 (1841)
Distribution
Native distribution areas:

Asia-Temperate
China
China South-Central, China Southeast, Hainan, Tibet.
Eastern Asia
Nansei-shoto, Taiwan.
Asia-Tropica
Indian Subcontinent
Assam, Bangladesh, East Himalaya, India, Nepal, Sri Lanka.
Indo-China
Cambodia, Laos, Myanmar, Thailand, Vietnam.
Malesia
Borneo, Jawa, Lesser Sunda Islands, Malaya, Maluku, Philippines, Sulawesi, Sumatera.
' Papuasia'
New Guinea.

References: Brummitt, R.K. 2001. TDWG – World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions, 2nd Edition
References

Blume, C.L. 1825. Bijdragen tot de flora van Nederlandsch Indië 8: 401.
Pridgeon, A.M., Cribb, P.J., Chase, M.W. & Rasmussen, F.N. (eds.) 2006. Genera Orchidacearum Volume 4 Epidendroideae (Part one); page 18 ff., Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-850712-7. Reference page.

Links

'eFloras 2009. Arundina in Flora of China vol. 25 Orchidaceae --> pdf Arundina
Global Biodiversity Information Facility. 2020. GBIF Backbone Taxonomy. Checklist dataset. Taxon: Arundina. Accessed: 2020 Sep 23.
Govaerts, R. et al. 2020. Arundina in Kew Science Plants of the World online. The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Published on the internet. Accessed: 2020 Sep 23. Reference page.
Govaerts, R. et al. 2020. Arundina in World Checklist of Selected Plant Families. The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Published on the internet. Accessed: 2020 Sep 23. Reference page.
International Plant Names Index. 2020. Arundina. Published online. Accessed: 23 Sep 2020.
The Plant List 2013. Arundina in The Plant List Version 1.1. Published on the internet. Accessed: 2020 Sep 23.
Tropicos.org 2020. Arundina. Missouri Botanical Garden. Published on the internet. Accessed: 2020 Sep 23.

Vernacular names

English: Bamboo orchid
日本語: ナリヤラン
lietuvių: Siauralapė arundina
ไทย: สกุลหญ้าจิ้มฟันควาย
удмурт: Арундина
中文: 鳥仔蘭屬

Arundina graminifolia is a species of orchid and the sole accepted species of the genus Arundina. This tropical Asiatic genus extends from Myanmar, India, Sri Lanka, Nepal, Thailand, Vietnam, the Ryukyu Islands, Malaysia, Singapore, China to, Indonesia, the Philippines and New Guinea. It has become naturalized in Réunion, Fiji, French Polynesia, Micronesia, the West Indies, Costa Rica, Panama and Hawaii.[3][5] It is also called bamboo orchid.[6]

Description

Arundina graminifolia is a terrestrial, perennial orchid with reedy stems, forming into large clumps growing to a height between 70 cm and 2 m.

The plaited linear leaves are oblong lanceolate, with a length of 9 to 19 cm and a width of 0.8 to 1.5 cm. The apex is acuminate. There are amplexicaul (clasping the stem) sheathing stipules.

Arundina graminifolia, Fraser's Hill, Malaysia

This orchid blooms in summer and autumn, showing rather open clusters of showy terminal flowers, ten at the most. They bloom in succession on the terminal racemes, which are 7 to 16 cm long. These flowers, 5 – 8 cm in diameter, are a rosy lilac and white disk with a purple lip. The bracts are wide triangular and surround the main stalk of the flower cluster. The occasional fertilized seed pods contain minute powdery seeds, and small plants often develop near the cane ends after flowering, and likely aid in propagation if allowed to reach the soil.

With only 200 of the plant to be recorded growing naturally in Singapore, the species is close to extinction there, largely caused by the destruction of its natural habitat, namely the rainforests and mangrove forests. The remaining plants, commonly called Tapah weeds, can be found in the secondary forests or at the forest fringes. It is however very common in road cuts and other disturbed areas in full sun in Sarawak, East Malaysia, where it often is the most common flowering plant to be seen along the roadsides. It is invasive on the big island of Hawaiʻi and common there in mid-mountain areas.

Varieties

Two varieties are currently recognized (May 2014):[3]

Arundina graminifolia var. graminifolia
Arundina graminifolia var. revoluta (Hook.f.) A.L.Lamb in C.L.Chan. & al. - from Assam and Sri Lanka east to Vietnam and south to Java

Gallery

Arundina graminifolia (72) 1200.jpg
Arundina graminifolia (58) 1200.jpg
Arundina graminifolia (5) 1200.jpg

References

Blume, Carl (Karl) Ludwig von. 1825. Bijdragen tot de flora van Nederlandsch Indië 8: 401
lectotype designated by Garay et Sweet, Orchids S. Ryukyu Islands 52. 1974
Kew World Checklist of Selected Plant Families, Arundina graminifolia
Kew World Checklist of Selected Plant Families, Arundina graminifolia subsp. graminifolia
US Department of Agriculture Plants profile
See e.g. Das, S & Duttachoudhury, Manabendra & Mazumder, Pranab. (2013). In vitro propagation of Arundina graminifolia D. Don. Hochr - A bamboo orchid. Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research. 6. 156-158.