Asperula

Classification System: APG IV

Superregnum: Eukaryota
Regnum: Plantae
Cladus: Angiosperms
Cladus: Eudicots
Cladus: Core eudicots
Cladus: Asterids
Cladus: Lamiids
Ordo: Gentianales

Familia: Rubiaceae
Subfamilia: Rubioideae
Tribus: Rubieae
Genus: Asperula
Overview of species

A. abbreviata – A. abchasica – A. accrescens – A. acuminata – A. affinis – A. albiflora – A. ambleia – A. anatolica – A. apuana – A. arcadiensis – A. aristata – A. arvensis – A. assamica – A. asterocephala – A. asthenes – A. azerbaidjanica – A. badachschenica – A. baenitzii – A. balchanica – A. baldaccii – A. bargyli – A. beckiana – A. biebersteinii – A. boissieri – A. borbasiana – A. bornmuelleri – A. boryana – A. botschantzevii – A. brachyantha – A. brachyphylla – A. breviflora – A. brevifolia – A. bryoides – A. calabra – A. capitata – A. capitellata – A. carpatica – A. charophyton – A. chlorantha – A. ciliatula – A. cilicia – A. comosa – A. conferta – A. congesta – A. crassifolia – A. crassula – A. cretacea – A. cristata – A. cunninghamii – A. cymulosa – A. cynanchica – A. cypria – A. cyrenaica – A. czukavinae – A. daphneola – A. dasyantha – A. deficiens – A. diminuta – A. doerfleri – A. elonea – A. euryphylla – A. fedtschenkoi – A. fragillima – A. friabilis – A. galioides – A. garganica – A. gemella – A. geminifolia – A. glabrata – A. glareosa – A. glomerata – A. gobica – A. gorganica – A. gracilis – A. graveolens – A. gunnii – A. gussonei – A. hercegovina – A. hexaphylla – A. hirsuta – A. hirta – A. hoskingii – A. icarica – A. idaea – A. inopinata – A. insignis – A. insolita – A. intersita – A. involucrata – A. karategini – A. kemulariae – A. kotschyana – A. kovalevskiana – A. kryloviana – A. laevigata – A. lasiantha – A. libanotica – A. lilaciflora – A. lipskyana – A. litardierei – A. littoralis – A. lutea – A. lycia – A. majoriflora – A. malevonensis – A. markothensis – A. mazanderanica – A. microphylla – A. minima – A. molluginoides – A. mungieri – A. muscosa – A. naufraga – A. neglecta – A. neilreichii – A. nitida – A. nuratensis – A. oblanceolata – A. oetaea – A. ophiolithica – A. oppositifolia – A. orientalis – A. pauciflora – A. paui – A. paui – A. paui – A. pedicellata – A. peloritana – A. perpusilla – A. pestalozzae – A. pinifolia – A. podlechii – A. polymera – A. pontica – A. popovii – A. prostrata – A. pseudochlorantha – A. puberula – A. pubescens – A. pugionifolia – A. pulchella – A. pulvinaris – A. pumila – A. purpurea – A. pusilla – A. rechingeri – A. rezaiyensis – A. rigida – A. rigidula – A. rumelica – A. rupestris – A. rupicola – A. samia – A. saxicola – A. scabrella – A. scoparia – A. scutellaris – A. semanensis – A. serotina – A. seticornis – A. setosa – A. sherardioides – A. sintenisii – A. sordide-rosea – A. staliana – A. stricta – A. strishovae – A. suavis – A. suberosa – A. subsimplex – A. subulifolia – A. suffruticosa – A. supina – A. supina – A. syrticola – A. szovitsii – A. taurina – A. taygetea – A. tenella – A. tenuifolia – A. tenuissima – A. tephrocarpa – A. tetraphylla – A. tinctoria – A. tournefortii – A. tragacanthoides – A. trichodes – A. trifida – A. tymphaea – A. virgata – A. visianii – A. wettsteinii – A. wimmeriana – A. woloszczakii – A. woronowii – A. xylorrhiza
Name

Asperula L., Sp. Pl. 1: 103. 1753.

Type species: A. arvensis L.

Synonyms

Heterotypic
Chrozorrhiza Ehrh., Beitr. Naturk. 4: 147 (1789)
Asterophyllum Schimp. & Spenn. in F.C.P.Spenner, Fl. Friburg. 3: 1077 (1829)
Leptunis Steven, Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 29(2): 366 (1856)
Blepharostemma Fourr., Ann. Soc. Linn. Lyon, n.s., 16: 398 (1868)
Cynanchica Fourr., Ann. Soc. Linn. Lyon, n.s., 16: 398 (1868)
Galiopsis St.-Lag., Ann. Soc. Bot. Lyon 7: 79 (1880)

Distribution
Native distribution areas:

Europe
Northern Europe
Great Britain, Ireland, Norway, Sweden.
Middle Europe
Austria, Belgium, Czechoslovakia, Germany, Hungary, Netherlands, Poland, Switzerland.
Southwestern Europe
Baleares, Corse, France, Portugal, Sardegna, Spain.
Southeastern Europe
Albania, Bulgaria, Greece, Italy, Kriti, Romania, Sicilia, Turkey-in-Europe, Yugoslavia.
Eastern Europe
Belarus, Baltic States, Krym, Central European Russia, East European Russia, South European Russia, Northwest European Russia, Ukraine.
Africa
Northern Africa
Algeria, Libya, Morocco, Tunisia.
Asia-Temperate
Siberia
West Siberia.
Middle Asia
Kazakhstan, Kirgizstan, Turkmenistan, Tadzhikistan, Uzbekistan.
Caucasus
North Caucasus, Transcaucasus.
Western Asia
Afghanistan, Cyprus, East Aegean Islands, Iran, Iraq, Lebanon-Syria, Palestine, Turkey.
China
Tibet.
Mongolia
Mongolia.
Eastern Asia
Japan, Korea.
Asia-Tropical
Indian Subcontinent
Assam, East Himalaya, Pakistan, West Himalaya.
Australasia
Australia
New South Wales, Queensland, South Australia, Tasmania, Victoria.
New Zealand
New Zealand North, New Zealand South.

References: Brummitt, R.K. 2001. TDWG – World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions, 2nd Edition
References

Linnaeus, C. 1753. Species Plantarum 1: 103.
Govaerts, R. et al. 2017. Asperula in World Checklist of Selected Plant Families. The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Published on the internet. Accessed: 2017 Aug. 8. Reference page.

Vernacular names
Deutsch: Meier
English: Woodruff
suomi: Maratit

Asperula, commonly known as woodruff,[1] is a genus of flowering plants in the family Rubiaceae. It contains about 195 species and has a wide distribution area from Europe, northern Africa, temperate and subtropical Asia to Australasia.[2]
Species

Asperula abbreviata (Halacsy) Rech.f.
Asperula abchasica V.I.Krecz.
Asperula accrescens Klokov
Asperula acuminata I.Thomps.
Asperula affinis Boiss. & A.Huet
Asperula albiflora Popov
Asperula ambleia Airy Shaw - Stiff woodruff
Asperula apuana (Fiori) Arrigoni
Asperula arcadiensis Sims
Asperula aristata L.f.
Asperula arvensis L. - Blue woodruff
Asperula assamica Meisn.
Asperula asterocephala Bornm.
Asperula asthenes Airy Shaw
Asperula azerbaidjanica Mam
Asperula badachschenica Pachom.
Asperula baenitzii Heldr. ex Boiss.
Asperula balchanica Bobrov
Asperula baldaccii (Halacsy) Ehrend.
Asperula beckiana Degen
Asperula biebersteinii V.I.Krecz
Asperula boissieri Heldr. ex Boiss.
Asperula borbasiana (Korica) Korica
Asperula bornmuelleri Velen. ex Bornm.
Asperula boryana (Walp.) Ehrend.
Asperula botschantzevii Pachom.
Asperula brachyantha Boiss.
Asperula brachyphylla Trigas & Iatrou
Asperula breviflora Boiss.
Asperula brevifolia Vent.
Asperula bryoides Stapf
Asperula calabra (Fiori) Gavioli
Asperula capitata Kit. ex Schult.
Asperula capitellata Hausskn. & Bornm.
Asperula carpatica Morariu
Asperula charophyton Airy Shaw - Strapleaf woodruff
Asperula chlorantha Boiss. & Heldr.
Asperula ciliatula Pachom.
Asperula cilicia Hausskn. ex Ehrend.
Asperula comosa Schönb.-Tem.
Asperula conferta Hook.f. - Common woodruff
Asperula congesta Tschern.
Asperula crassifolia L.
Asperula crassula Greuter & Zaffran
Asperula cretacea Willd. ex Roem. & Schult.
Asperula cristata (Sommier & Levier) V.I.Krecz
Asperula cunninghamii Airy Shaw & Turrill - Twining woodruff
Asperula cymulosa (Post) Post
Asperula cynanchica L. - Squinancywort
Asperula cypria Ehrend.
Asperula cyrenaica (E.A.Durand & Barratte) Pamp.
Asperula czukavinae Pachom. & Karim
Asperula dasyantha Klokov
Asperula deficiens Viv.
Asperula diminuta Klokov
Asperula doerfleri Wettst.
Asperula elonea Iatrou & Goergiadis
Asperula euboea (Ehrend.) ined.
Asperula euryphylla Airy Shaw & Turrill
Asperula fedtschenkoi Ovcz. & Tschernov
Asperula fragillima Boiss. & Hausskn.
Asperula friabilis Schönb.-Tem.
Asperula galioides M.Bieb.
Asperula garganica Huter
Asperula gemella Airy Shaw & Turrill - Twin-leaved bedstraw
Asperula geminifolia F.Muell.
Asperula glabrata Tschern.
Asperula glareosa Ehrend.
Asperula glomerata (M.Bieb.) Griseb.
Asperula gobica ined.
Asperula gorganica Schönb.-Tem. & Ehrend.
Asperula gracilis C.A.Mey.
Asperula graveolens M.Bieb. ex Schult. & Schult.f.
Asperula gunnii Hook.f. - Mountain woodruff
Asperula gussonei Boiss. - Alpine Woodruff
Asperula haphneola O.Schwarz
Asperula hercegovina Degen
Asperula hexaphylla All.
Asperula hirsuta Desf.
Asperula hirta Ramond
Asperula hoskingii I.Thomps.
Asperula icarica Ehrend. & Schönb.-Tem.
Asperula idaea Halacsy
Asperula inopinata Schönb.-Tem.
Asperula insignis (Vatke) Ehrend.
Asperula insolita Pachom.
Asperula intersita Klokov
Asperula x jordanii E.P.Perrier & Songeon
Asperula karategini Pachom. & Karim.
Asperula kemulariae Manden.
Asperula kotschyana (Boiss. & Hohen.) Boiss.
Asperula kovalevskiana Pachom.
Asperula kryloviana Sergeev
Asperula lactea (Porta) Brullo
Asperula laevigata L.
Asperula lasiantha Nakai - Korean woodruff[3]
Asperula libanotica Boiss.
Asperula lilaciflora Boiss.
Asperula lipskyana V.I.Krecz
Asperula litardierei Humbert
Asperula littoralis Sm.
Asperula lutea Sm.
Asperula lycia Stapf
Asperula majoriflora Borbas ex Formanek
Asperula malevonensis Ehrend. & Schönb.-Tem.
Asperula markothensis Klokov
Asperula mazanderanica Ehrend.
Asperula microphylla Boiss.
Asperula minima Hook.f.
Asperula molluginoides (M.Bieb.) Rchb.
Asperula mungieri Boiss. & Heldr.
Asperula muscosa Boiss. & Heldr.
Asperula naufraga Ehrend. & Gutermann
Asperula neglecta Guss.
Asperula neilreichii Beck
Asperula nitida Sm.
Asperula nuratensis Pachom.
Asperula oblanceolata I.Thomps.
Asperula oetaea (Boiss.) Heldr. ex Halacsy
Asperula ophiolithica Ehrend.
Asperula oppositifolia Regel & Schmalh.
Asperula orientalis Boiss. & Hohen. - Blue woodruff
Asperula pauciflora Tschern.
Asperula paui Font Quer
Asperula pedicellata Klokov
Asperula peloritana C.Brullo
Asperula perpusilla Hook.f.
Asperula pestalozzae Boiss.
Asperula pinifolia (Boiss.) Ehrend. & Schönb.-Tem.
Asperula podlechii Schönb.-Tem.
Asperula polymera I.Thomps.
Asperula pontica Boiss.
Asperula popovii Schischk.
Asperula x portae Peruzzi
Asperula prostrata (Adams) K.Koch
Asperula pseudochlorantha Ehrend.
Asperula puberula Halacsy & Sint.
Asperula pubescens (Willd.) Ehrend.
Asperula pugionifolia Tschern.
Asperula pulchella (Podlech) Ehrend. & Schönb.-Tem.
Asperula pulvinaris Heldr. ex Boiss.
Asperula pumila Moris
Asperula purpurea (L.) Ehrend.
Asperula pusilla Hook.f. - Alpine woodruff
Asperula rechingeri Ehrend. & Schönb.-Tem.
Asperula rezaiyensis Schönb.-Tem.
Asperula rigida Sm.
Asperula rigidula (Halacsy) Halacsy
Asperula rumelica Boiss.
Asperula rupestris Tineo
Asperula rupicola Jord.
Asperula samia D.H.Christ & Goeriadis
Asperula saxicola Ehrend.
Asperula scabrella Tschern.
Asperula scoparia Hook.f. - Prickly woodruff
Asperula scutellaris Vis.
Asperula semanensis Schönb.-Tem. & Ehrend.
Asperula serotina (Boiss. & Heldr.) Ehrend.
Asperula seticornis Boiss.
Asperula setosa Jaub. & Spach
Asperula sherardioides Jaub. & Spach
Asperula sintenisii Asch. ex Bornm.
Asperula sordide-rosea Popov
Asperula staliana Vis.
Asperula stricta Boiss.
Asperula strishovae Pachom. & Karim
Asperula suavis Fisch.
Asperula suberosa Sm.
Asperula subsimplex Hook.f.
Asperula subulifolia Airy Shaw & Turrill
Asperula suffruticosa Boiss. & Heldr.
Asperula supina M.Bieb.
Asperula syrticola (Miq.) Airy Shaw & Turrill
Asperula szovitsii Ehrend. & Schönb.-Tem.
Asperula taurina L. - Pink woodruff
Asperula taygetea Boiss. & Heldr.
Asperula tenella Heuff. ex Degen
Asperula tenuifolia Boiss.
Asperula tenuissima K.Koch
Asperula tephrocarpa Czern. ex Popov & Chrshan.
Asperula tetraphylla (Airy Shaw & Turrill) I.Thomps.
Asperula tinctoria L. - Dyer's woodruff
Asperula tournefortii Sieber ex Spreng.
Asperula tragacanthoides Brullo
Asperula trichodes J.Gray ex DC.
Asperula trifida Makino
Asperula virgata Hub.-Mor. ex Ehrend. & Schönb.-Tem. – Rod-shaped woodruff
Asperula visianii Korica
Asperula wettsteinii Adamovic
Asperula wimmeriana Airy Shaw & Turrill
Asperula woloszczakii Korica
Asperula woronowii V.I.Krecz.
Asperula xylorrhiza Nabelek

References

English Names for Korean Native Plants (PDF). Pocheon: Korea National Arboretum. 2015. p. 363. ISBN 978-89-97450-98-5. Archived from the original (PDF) on 25 May 2017. Retrieved 25 January 2017 – via Korea Forest Service.
"Asperula in the World Checklist of Rubiaceae". Retrieved June 10, 2014.
English Names for Korean Native Plants (PDF). Pocheon: Korea National Arboretum. 2015. p. 364. ISBN 978-89-97450-98-5. Archived from the original (PDF) on 25 May 2017. Retrieved 16 December 2016 – via Korea Forest Service.