Buddleja madagascariensis

Classification System: APG IV

Superregnum: Eukaryota
Regnum: Plantae
Cladus: Angiosperms
Cladus: Eudicots
Cladus: Core eudicots
Cladus: Asterids
Cladus: Lamiids
Ordo: Lamiales

Familia: Scrophulariaceae
Tribus: Buddlejeae
Genus: Buddleja
Sectio: Buddleja sect. Nicodemia
Species: Buddleja madagascariensis
Name

Buddleja madagascariensis Lam., Encycl. 1: 513. (1785)
Synonyms

Homotypic
Nicodemia madagascariensis (Lam.) R. Parker
Adenoplea madagascariensis (Lam.) Eastw.
Heterotypic
Buddleja heterophylla Lindl.
Buddleja nepalensis Colla

References

Lamarck, J-B. P.A.de Monet de 1785. Encyclopedie Methodique. Botanique 1: 513.
Chau, J.H., O’Leary, N., Sun, W.B. & Olmstead, R.G. 2017. Phylogenetic relationships in tribe Buddlejeae (Scrophulariaceae) based on multiple nuclear and plastid markers. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 184(2): 137-166. DOI: 10.1093/botlinnean/box018 Open access Reference page.
Hassler, M. 2021. Buddleja madagascariensis. World Plants: Synonymic Checklists of the Vascular Plants of the World In: Roskovh, Y., Abucay, L., Orrell, T., Nicolson, D., Bailly, N., Kirk, P., Bourgoin, T., DeWalt, R.E., Decock, W., De Wever, A., Nieukerken, E. van, Zarucchi, J. & Penev, L., eds. 2021. Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life. Published online. Accessed: 2021 June 30. Reference page.
Govaerts, R. et al. 2021. Buddleja madagascariensis in Kew Science Plants of the World online. The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Published online. Accessed: 2021 June 30. Reference page.
Tropicos.org 2021. Buddleja madagascariensis. Missouri Botanical Garden. Published online. Accessed: 30 June 2021.
International Plant Names Index. 2021. Buddleja madagascariensis. Published online. Accessed: June 30 2021.
USDA, ARS, Germplasm Resources Information Network. Buddleja madagascariensis in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), U.S. Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service. Accessed: 07-Oct-06.

Buddleja madagascariensis, the smokebush or Madagascan butterfly bush, is a species of flowering plant in the figwort family Scrophulariaceae. It is a substantial evergreen shrub with fragrant yellow flowers through autumn and winter.

Description

Buddleja madagascariensis makes a sparse, lax shrub < 4 metres (13 ft) in height. The dark green leaves are opposite, narrowly ovate, < 12 cm long, with petioles < 2 cm long, the surface bearing impressed reticulate venation, and densely pubescent. The fragrant flowers form slender terminal panicles < 25 centimetres (9.8 in) long, and range in colour from deep yellow, through orange, to pink.[1]

It is endemic to Madagascar, where it grows amongst scrub on mountain slopes to elevations of 600–2,000 metres (2,000–6,600 ft).[2]

Cultivation

The species was first named and described by Lamarck in 1792, and introduced to cultivation in 1827.[3] It was listed by Masters in his Hortus duroverni Canterbury nursery catalogue of 1831 (as B. heterophylla).

Buddleja madagascariensis is cultivated as an ornamental plant. Intolerant of sub-zero (< 32 °F) temperatures, it can only reliably be grown outdoors in subtropical and tropical climate gardens, such as those of Southern California and Florida in the USA, although in temperate coastal regions it can survive on south-facing walls, with added winter frost protection. Elsewhere, it is essentially a conservatory and greenhouse plant. The shrub is grown under glass as part of the NCCPG National Collection of Buddleja held by the Longstock Park Nursery, near Stockbridge, Hampshire, England. Hardiness: RHS H2, USDA zones 9 – 10.[1]

The shrub was accorded the Award of Garden Merit by the Royal Horticultural Society (record 688) in 2002.[4][1]
Naturalised species

Popular around the world as an ornamental, B. madagascariensis has widely naturalized and is now classified as an invasive species in Hawaii;[5] it can also be found growing wild in southern China,[6] and along the Mediterranean coast of France.[1]
Hybrids

The species Buddleja madagascariensis was crossed with Buddleja asiatica to create the hybrid cultivars Buddleja 'Lewisiana' and 'Margaret Pike'.[1] It was also found to have naturally hybridized with Buddleja indica in the Grand Bassin of Réunion, an island 200 kilometres (120 mi) east of Madagascar [7]
References

Stuart, D. D. (2006). Buddlejas. RHS Plant Collector Guide. Timber Press, Oregon. ISBN 978-0-88192-688-0
USDA . accessed 11.11.2011
Hillier & Sons. (1990). Hillier's Manual of Trees & Shrubs, 5th Edition.. David & Charles, Newton Abbot.
"RHS Plantfinder - Buddleja madagascariensis". Royal Horticultural Society. Retrieved 21 January 2018.
ISSG accessed 11.11.2011
Li, P. T. & Leeuwenberg, A. J. M. (1996). Loganiaceae, in Wu, Z. & Raven, P. (eds) Flora of China, Vol. 15. Science Press, Beijing, and Missouri Botanical Garden Press, St. Louis, USA. ISBN 978-0915279371 online at www.efloras.org

Leeuwenberg, A. J. M. (1979) The Loganiaceae of Africa XVIII Buddleja L. II, Revision of the African & Asiatic species. H. Veenman & Zonen B. V., Nederland.

ITIS Report Page: Buddleja madagascariensis