Calandrinia

Classification System: APG IV

Superregnum: Eukaryota
Regnum: Plantae
Cladus: Angiosperms
Cladus: Eudicots
Cladus: Core eudicots
Ordo: Caryophyllales

Familia: Montiaceae
Genus: Calandrinia
Species (sensu COL and APD): C. acaulis – C. affinis – C. alba – C. arenicola – C. baccata – C. balonensis – C. brevipedata – C. breweri – C. butcherensis – C. caespitosa – C. calyptrata – C. carolinii – C. ciliata – C. colchaguensis – C. compacta – C. composita – C. compressa – C. corrigioloides – C. creethae – C. crispisepala – C. disperma – C. eremaea – C. filifolia – C. flava – C. gracilis – C. graminifolia – C. hortiorum – C. kalanniensis – C. lehmannii – C. liniflora – C. linomimeta – C. litoralis – C. mirabilis – C. monandra – C. nitida – C. oblonga – C. operta – C. oraria – C. pachypoda – C. papillata – C. pentavalvis – C. pickeringii – C. pleiopetala – C. polyandra – C. polypetala – C. porifera – C. primuliflora – C. ptychosperma – C. pumila – C. pygmaea – C. ranunculina – C. remota – C. reticulata – C. rubrisabulosa – C. schistorhiza – C. sculpta – C. spergularina – C. sphaerophylla – C. stagnensis – C. strophiolata – C. tholiformis – C. translucens – C. tumida – C. umbelliformis – C. uniflora – C. vernicosa – C. volubilis
Name

Calandrinia Kunth in Humb., Bonpl. & Kunth, Nov. Gen. et Sp. 6. 77. t. 526 (14 April 1823) et 6: ed. qu. 77 (6 Aug 1823) nom. et typ. cons.

Type species: Calandrinia ciliata (Ruiz & Pav.) DC. Prodr. 3: 359. (1828) originally designated as Calandrinia caulescens Kunth Nov. Gen. Sp. (quarto ed.) 6: 78, pl. 526. (1823)

Synonyms

Heterotypic
Geunsia Moc. & Sessé ex DC.
Phacosperma Haw.
Rhodopsis Lilja
Tegneria Lilja
Parakeelya Hershkovitz (1998)

Note: The segregation of the Australian species as Parakeelya by Hershkovitz (1998) is not accepted by Australian botanists (APC, 2017) (Hernández-Ledesma et al., 2015) however the later view is challenged by Hancock et al. (2018). Therefore the above is a view of Calandrinia s.l., but a taxon page for Parakeelya is provided for reference. In addition, Cistanthe was still occasionally found as a synonym (Tropicos, 2017).
References

Kunth, K.S. 1823. Nova Genera et Species Plantarum (folio ed.) 6: 62.
Calandrinia in: Australian Plant Census (APC) 2017. IBIS database, Centre for Australian National Biodiversity Research, Council of Heads of Australasian Herbaria. Accessed: 2017 Apr. 15.
Hancock, L.P., Obbens, F., Moore, A.J., Thiele, K., de Vos, J.M., West, J., Holtum, J.A. & Edwards, E.J. 2018. Phylogeny, evolution, and biogeographic history of Calandrinia (Montiaceae). American Journal of Botany 105(6): 1021-1034. DOI: 10.1002/ajb2.1110 PDF Reference page.
Hassler, M. 2017. Calandrinia. World Plants: Synonymic Checklists of the Vascular Plants of the World In: Roskovh, Y., Abucay, L., Orrell, T., Nicolson, D., Bailly, N., Kirk, P., Bourgoin, T., DeWalt, R.E., Decock, W., De Wever, A., Nieukerken, E. van, Zarucchi, J. & Penev, L., eds. 2017. Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life. Published on the internet. Accessed: 2017 Apr. 2. Reference page.
Govaerts, R. et al. 2021. Calandrinia in Kew Science Plants of the World online. The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Published on the internet. Accessed: 2021 Jan. 23. Reference page.
Hershkovitz, M.A. 1991. Taxonomic notes on Cistanthe, Calandrinia, and Talinum (Portulacaceae). Phytologia 70(3): 209-225. PDF Reference page.
Hershkovitz, M.A. 1993. Revised circumscriptions and subgeneric taxonomies of Calandrinia and Montiopsis (Portulacaceae) with notes on phylogeny of the portulacaceous alliance. Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden 80(2): 333-365. DOI: 10.2307/2399789 Reference page.
Hernández-Ledesma, P., Berendsohn, W. G., Borsch, T., Mering, S. v., Akhani, H., Arias, S., Castañeda-Noa, I., Eggli, U., Eriksson, R., Flores-Olvera, H., Fuentes-Bazán, S., Kadereit, G., Klak, C., Korotkova, N., Nyffeler R., Ocampo G., Ochoterena, H., Oxelman, B., Rabeler, R. K., Sanchez, A., Schlumpberger, B. O. & Uotila, P. 2015. A taxonomic backbone for the global synthesis of species diversity in the angiosperm order Caryophyllales. Willdenowia 45(3): 281–383. DOI: 10.3372/wi.45.45301 Open access Reference page.
Hershkovitz, M.A. 1998. Parakeelya: a new genus segregated from Calandrinia (Portulacaceae). Phytologia 84(2): 98–106.
International Plant Names Index. 2017. Calandrinia. Published online. Accessed: Apr. 15 2017.
Nyffeler, R. & Eggli, U. 2010. Disintegrating Portulacaceae: A new familial classification of the suborder Portulacineae (Caryophyllales) based on molecular and morphological data. Taxon 59(1): 227–240. Abstract. Full text (PDF). Reference page.
Ogburn, R.M. & Edwards, E.J. 2015. Life history lability underlies rapid climate niche evolution in the angiosperm clade Montiaceae. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 92: 181-192. DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2015.06.006 Full text PDF Reference page.
Obbens, F.J. 2012. Three new species of Calandrinia (Portulacaceae) from the Eremaean and South West Botanical Provinces of Western Australia. Nuytsia, 22(6): 351–362. full article (PDF)
Tropicos.org 2017. Calandrinia. Missouri Botanical Garden. Published on the internet. Accessed: 2017 Apr. 15. Includes Cistanthe as a synonym.

Vernacular names
English: Rock Purslane
suomi: Sailiot

Calandrinia are a large genus of flowering plants known as purslanes and redmaids. It includes over 100 species of annual and perennial herbs which bear colorful flowers in shades of red to purple and white. Plants of this genus are native to Australia, western South America, Central America, and western North America. Some species have been introduced to parts of New Zealand, southern Africa, Asia, and Europe.[1]

Description

Species in the genus Calandrinia are annual or perennial herbaceous plants with a sprawling or erect habit. The leaves are mostly basal and may be either alternate or opposite in arrangement. Flowers are produced in cymes. Each flower produces between four and eleven petals, though often five. Flowers may be white, purple, pink, red, or yellow.[2][3][4]
Taxonomy

The genus Calandrinia was erected in 1823 by German botanist Carl Sigismund Kunth.[5][6] It was named for Jean Louis Calandrini (1703–1758), a Genevan botanist.[3]

The genus is classified in the family Montiaceae.[1] It was previously placed in the purslane family, Portulacaceae.[3]
Species

As of 2019, accepted species in Kew's Plants of the World Online include:[1]

Calandrinia acaulis Kunth
Calandrinia affinis Gillies ex Arn.
Calandrinia alba (Ruiz & Pav.) DC.
Calandrinia arenicola Syeda
Calandrinia baccata Obbens
Calandrinia balonensis Lindl. – broadleaf parakeelya
Calandrinia bracteosa Phil.
Calandrinia brevipedata F.Muell.
Calandrinia breweri S.Watson – Brewer's redmaid
Calandrinia caesia F.Phil. ex Phil.
Calandrinia caespitosa Gillies ex Arn.
Calandrinia calycotricha Phil.
Calandrinia calyptrata Hook.f. – pink purslane
Calandrinia carolinii Hershk. & D.I.Ford
Calandrinia ciliata (Ruiz & Pav.) DC. – fringed redmaid
Calandrinia colchaguensis Barnéoud
Calandrinia compacta Barnéoud
Calandrinia composita (Nees) Benth.
Calandrinia compressa Schrad. ex DC.
Calandrinia conferta Gillies ex Arn.
Calandrinia corrigioloides F.Muell. ex Benth. – strap purslane
Calandrinia corymbosa Walp.
Calandrinia crassifolia Phil.
Calandrinia creethae Tratman ex Morrison
Calandrinia crispisepala Obbens
Calandrinia cygnorum Diels
Calandrinia cylindrica Poelln.
Calandrinia depressa Phil.
Calandrinia dielsii Poelln.
Calandrinia dipetala J.M.Black
Calandrinia disperma J.M.Black
Calandrinia eremaea Ewart – twining purslane
Calandrinia filifolia Rydb.
Calandrinia flava Obbens
Calandrinia fuegiana Gand.
Calandrinia galapagosa H.St.John
Calandrinia glaucopurpurea Reiche
Calandrinia gracilis Benth.
Calandrinia graminifolia Phil.
Calandrinia granulifera Benth. – pygmy purslane
Calandrinia heterophylla Rydb.
Calandrinia hirtella Phil.
Calandrinia hortiorum Obbens
Calandrinia involucrata Phil.
Calandrinia kalanniensis Obbens
Calandrinia lancifolia Phil.
Calandrinia leucopogon Phil.
Calandrinia leucotricha Phil.
Calandrinia liniflora Fenzl
Calandrinia litoralis Phil.
Calandrinia maryonii S.Moore
Calandrinia meyeniana Walp.
Calandrinia minutissima Barnéoud
Calandrinia mirabilis Chinnock & J.G.West
Calandrinia monandra (Ruiz & Pav.) DC.
Calandrinia monogyna Poelln.
Calandrinia morrisae Goy
Calandrinia mucronulata Meyen
Calandrinia nana Phil.
Calandrinia nitida (Ruiz & Pav.) DC.
Calandrinia oblonga Syeda & Carolin
Calandrinia operta Obbens
Calandrinia oraria Obbens
Calandrinia papillata Syeda
Calandrinia pauciflora Phil.
Calandrinia pentavalvis Obbens
Calandrinia pilosiuscula DC.
Calandrinia pleiopetala F.Muell.
Calandrinia poeppigiana Walp.
Calandrinia pogonophora F.Muell.
Calandrinia polyandra Benth.
Calandrinia polyclados Phil.
Calandrinia polypetala Fenzl
Calandrinia porifera Syeda
Calandrinia primuliflora Diels
Calandrinia procumbens Moris
Calandrinia ptychosperma F.Muell.
Calandrinia pumila (Benth.) F.Muell.
Calandrinia quadrivalvis F.Muell.
Calandrinia ranunculina J.M.Watson, A.R.Flores & Elvebakk
Calandrinia remota J.M.Black
Calandrinia reticulata Syeda
Calandrinia rubrisabulosa Obbens
Calandrinia sanguinea Phil.
Calandrinia schistorhiza Morrison
Calandrinia setosa Phil.
Calandrinia sitiens I.M.Johnst.
Calandrinia skottsbergii Gand.
Calandrinia solisi Phil.
Calandrinia spectabilis Otto & A.Dietr.
Calandrinia spergularina F.Muell.
Calandrinia sphaerophylla J.M.Black
Calandrinia spicata Phil.
Calandrinia spicigera Phil.
Calandrinia stagnensis J.M.Black
Calandrinia stenogyna Domin
Calandrinia strophiolata (F.Muell.) F.Muell.
Calandrinia taltalensis I.M.Johnst.
Calandrinia tepperiana W.Fitzg.
Calandrinia tholiformis Obbens
Calandrinia translucens Obbens
Calandrinia tricolor Phil.
Calandrinia tumida Syeda
Calandrinia umbelliformis Obbens
Calandrinia uniflora F.Muell.
Calandrinia villanuevae Phil.
Calandrinia villaroelii Phil.
Calandrinia virgata Phil.
Calandrinia volubilis Benth.

Uses

Calandrinia balonensis is recorded in the 1889 book The Useful Native Plants of Australia as being called "periculia" by Indigenous Australians and that the plant was eaten by Europeans with bread while Indigenous Australians used it as a food when mixed with baked bark. "The seed is used for making a kind of bread, after the manner of that of Portulaca oleracea. (Mueller, Fragm., x., 71.)."[7]
References

"Calandrinia Kunth". Plants of the World Online. Royal Botanical Gardens Kew. Retrieved 8 January 2019.
"Calandrinia". vicflora.rbg.vic.gov.au. VicFlora, Royal Botanic Gardens Victoria. Retrieved 11 January 2019.
Kelley, Walter A. (2003). "Calandrinia". In Flora of North America Editorial Committee (ed.). Flora of North America North of Mexico (FNA). 4. New York and Oxford. Retrieved 11 January 2019 – via eFloras.org, Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, MO & Harvard University Herbaria, Cambridge, MA.
Elvebakk, Arve; Flores, Ana Rosa; Watson, John Michael (19 March 2015). "Revisions in the South American Calandrinia caespitosa complex (Montiaceae)". Phytotaxa. 203 (1): 1. doi:10.11646/phytotaxa.203.1.1.
Kunth in Humb., Bonpl. & Kunth, Nov. Gen. et Sp. vi. 1823. Page 77. Illustration.
"Calandrinia Kunth". ipni.org. International Plant Names Index. Retrieved 8 January 2019.
J. H. Maiden (1889). The useful native plants of Australia : Including Tasmania. Turner and Henderson, Sydney.