Campsis radicans

Classification System: APG IV

Superregnum: Eukaryota
Regnum: Plantae
Cladus: Angiosperms
Cladus: Eudicots
Cladus: Core eudicots
Cladus: Asterids
Cladus: Lamiids
Ordo: Lamiales

Familia: Bignoniaceae
Tribus: Tecomeae
Genus: Campsis
Species: Campsis radicans
Name

Campsis radicans (L.) Bureau, Monogr. Bignon. 2(Atlas): 16. 1864.
Synonyms

Basionym
Bignonia radicans L., Sp. Pl. 2: 624. 1753.

Homotypic
Gelseminum radicans (L.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 479. 1891.
Tecoma radicans (L.) Juss., Gen. Pl.: 139. 1789.

Heterotypic
Bignonia coccinea Steud., Nomencl. Bot.: 109. 1821.
Bignonia florida Salisb., Prodr. Stirp. Chap. Allerton: 106. 1796.
Bignonia radicans var. coccinea Pursh, Fl. Amer. Sept. 2: 420. 1814.
Bignonia radicans var. flammea Pursh, Fl. Amer. Sept. 2: 420. 1814.
Bignonia radicans var. minor Castigl., Verh. Bot. Vereins Prov. Brandenburg 2: 210. 1790.
Campsis curtisii Seem., J. Bot. 5: 371. 1867.
Campsis radicans var. praecox C.K.Schneid., Ill. Handb. Laubholzk. 2: 623. 1911.
Tecoma radicans var. minor DC., Prodr. 9: 223. 1845.
Tecoma radicans var. praecox Rehder in L.H.Bailey, Cycl. Amer. Hort. 4: 1778. 1902.

Distribution
Native distribution areas:
References

Bureau, L.É. (1873) Monogr. Bignon. 2(Atlas): 16

Links

Govaerts, R. et al. 2019. Campsis radicans in World Checklist of Selected Plant Families. The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Published online. Accessed: 2019 Apr. 30. Reference page.
Hassler, M. 2019. Campsis radicans. World Plants: Synonymic Checklists of the Vascular Plants of the World In: Roskovh, Y., Abucay, L., Orrell, T., Nicolson, D., Bailly, N., Kirk, P., Bourgoin, T., DeWalt, R.E., Decock, W., De Wever, A., Nieukerken, E. van, Zarucchi, J. & Penev, L., eds. 2019. Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life. Published online. Accessed: 2019 Apr. 30. Reference page.
International Plant Names Index. 2019. Campsis radicans. Published online. Accessed: Apr. 30 2019.
The Plant List 2013. Campsis radicans in The Plant List Version 1.1. Published online. Accessed: 2019 Apr. 30.
Tropicos.org 2019. Campsis radicans. Missouri Botanical Garden. Published online. Accessed: 30 Apr. 2019.
USDA, ARS, Germplasm Resources Information Network. Campsis radicans in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), U.S. Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service. Accessed: 07-Oct-06.

Vernacular names
čeština: křivouš kořenující
suomi: Pikkutrumpettiköynnös
français: Trompette de Virginie
svenska: Trumpetranka
Türkçe: Boru sarmaşığı, Acem sarmaşığı
中文: 厚萼凌霄

Campsis radicans, the trumpet vine,[2] yellow trumpet vine,[3] or trumpet creeper[2] (also known in North America as cow itch vine[4] or hummingbird vine[5]), is a species of flowering plant in the family Bignoniaceae, native to the eastern United States, and naturalized elsewhere. Growing to 10 m (33 ft), it is a vigorous, deciduous woody vine, notable for its showy trumpet-shaped flowers. It inhabits woodlands and riverbanks, and is also a popular garden subject.
Typical leaf

Description

The leaves are opposite, ovate, pinnate, 3–10 cm (1+3⁄16–3+15⁄16 in) long, and emerald green when new, maturing into a dark green. The flowers come in terminal cymes of 4–12, orange to red in color with a yellowish throat, and generally appear after several months of warm weather.
Pollen under microscope
Distribution

Campsis radicans is native to the eastern United States and extreme southern Ontario. It is naturalized in parts of the western United States as well as in Ontario and southern Quebec, parts of Europe, and scattered locations in Latin America.[1][6]
Ecology

The flowers are very attractive to hummingbirds,[7] and many types of birds like to nest in the dense foliage. The flowers are followed by large seed pods. As these mature, they dry and split. Hundreds of thin, brown, paper-like seeds are released. These are easily grown when stratified.
Etymology

The Latin specific epithet radicans means "with stems that take root".[8] The plant is commonly known as cow-itch vine because skin redness and itching is experienced by some people after coming in contact with the leaves.[9]
Garden history

The flamboyant flowering of Campsis radicans made it obvious to even the least botanically-minded of the first English colonists in Virginia. Consequently, the plant quickly made its way to England early in the 17th century. Its botanical parentage, as a hardy member of a mostly subtropical group, made its naming problematic: according to John Parkinson, the Virginia settlers were at first calling it a jasmine or a honeysuckle, and then a bellflower; he classed it in the genus Apocynum (dogbane). Joseph Pitton de Tournefort erected a catch-all genus Bignonia in 1700, from which it has since been extricated.[10]
Cultivation

The trumpet vine grows vigorously. In warm weather, it puts out huge numbers of tendrils that grab onto every available surface, and eventually expand into heavy woody stems several centimeters in diameter. It grows well on arbors, fences, telephone poles, and trees, although it may dismember them in the process. Ruthless pruning is recommended. Outside of its native range this species has the potential to be highly invasive, even as far north as New England. The trumpet vine thrives in many places in southern Canada as well.

Away from summer heat, C. radicans is less profuse of flower. A larger-flowered hybrid 'Mme Galen' was introduced about 1889 by the Tagliabue nurserymen of Lainate near Milan.[10]

The form C. radicans f. flava has gained the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit.[3]
References

Kew World Checklist of Selected Plant Families
"Campsis radicans". Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN). Agricultural Research Service (ARS), United States Department of Agriculture (USDA). Retrieved 21 December 2017.
"RHS Plant Selector - Campsis radicans f. flava". Retrieved 15 April 2020.
John Tveten; Gloria Tveten (5 July 2010). Wildflowers of Houston and Southeast Texas. University of Texas Press. p. 184. ISBN 978-0-292-78687-5.
Dale Mayer (12 November 2010). The Complete Guide to Companion Planting: Everything You Need to Know to Make Your Garden Successful. Atlantic Publishing Company. p. 246. ISBN 978-1-60138-345-7.
Biota of North America Program, 2013 county distribution map
"Campsis radicans (Cow-itch, Cow Vine, Devil's Shoestring, Foxglove Vine, Hellvine, Trumpet Creeper, Trumpet Vine) | North Carolina Extension Gardener Plant Toolbox". plants.ces.ncsu.edu. Retrieved 2021-12-22.
Harrison, Lorraine (2012). RHS Latin for gardeners. United Kingdom: Mitchell Beazley. p. 224. ISBN 9781845337315.
"Campsis radicans - Plant Finder". www.missouribotanicalgarden.org. Retrieved 2021-12-22.
Alice M. Coats, Garden Shrubs and Their Histories (1964) 1992, s.v. "Campsis".