Canarina canariensis

Classification System: APG IV

Superregnum: Eukaryota
Regnum: Plantae
Cladus: Angiosperms
Cladus: Eudicots
Cladus: Core eudicots
Cladus: Asterids
Cladus: Campanulids
Ordo: Asterales

Familia: Campanulaceae
Subfamilia: Campanuloideae
Genus: Canarina
Species: Canarina canariensis
Name

Canarina canariensis (L.) Vatke, Linnaea 38: 700 (1874).
Synonyms

Basionym
Campanula canariensis L., Sp. Pl.: 168 (1753).
Homotypic
Canarina campanula L., Mant. Pl. 2: 225 (1771), nom. superfl.
Campanula hastifolia Salisb., Prodr. Stirp. Chap. Allerton: 127 (1796), nom. superfl.
Mindium canariense (L.) Raf., Fl. Tellur. 2: 79 (1837).
Heterotypic
Canarina laevigata G.Don in J.C.Loudon, Hort. Brit.: 139 (1830).
Canarina canariensis var. angustifolia G.Kunkel, Cuad. Bot. Canaria 28: 56 (1976 publ. 1977).

Distribution
Native distribution areas:
stars

Continental: Africa
Regional:Macaronesia
Canary Is.

References: Brummitt, R.K. 2001. TDWG – World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions, 2nd Edition
References

Vatke, G.C.W., 1874. Linnaea; Ein Journal für die Botanik in ihrem ganzen Umfange. Berlin 38:700.

Links

Govaerts, R. et al. 2019. Canarina canariensis in World Checklist of Selected Plant Families. The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Published online. Accessed: 2019 Jul. 25. Reference page.
Hassler, M. 2019. Canarina canariensis. World Plants: Synonymic Checklists of the Vascular Plants of the World In: Roskovh, Y., Abucay, L., Orrell, T., Nicolson, D., Bailly, N., Kirk, P., Bourgoin, T., DeWalt, R.E., Decock, W., De Wever, A., Nieukerken, E. van, Zarucchi, J. & Penev, L., eds. 2019. Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life. Published online. Accessed: 2019 Jul. 25. Reference page.
International Plant Names Index. 2019. Canarina canariensis. Published online. Accessed: Jul 25 2019.
The Plant List 2013. Canarina canariensis in The Plant List Version 1.1. Published online. Accessed: 2019 Jul 25.
Tropicos.org 2019. Canarina canariensis. Missouri Botanical Garden. Published online. Accessed: 25 Jul 2019.
USDA, ARS, Germplasm Resources Information Network. Canarina canariensis in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), U.S. Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service. Accessed: 08-Apr-12.

Vernacular names
español: Bicácaro canario

Canarina canariensis is a species of flowering plant in the bellflower family Campanulaceae, commonly known as the Canary Island bellflower, and known locally as bicácaro.

Description

It is a scrambling herbaceous perennial with glabrous (smooth), glaucous (grey-green) leaves, The leaves are opposite, petiolate, triangular or hastate with dentate margins. Latex is present. There are no stipules. Flowers are axillary, solitary, bell-shaped, 3–6 cm long, orange (darkening when dried). It has a thick tuberous root, from which hollow, scrambling stems about 3 m are produced each year.

The fruit is a large ovate, fleshy berry, orange when ripe, and edible.[1]

The species is bird pollinated by passerine species such as the chiffchaff.[2]
Distribution

Canarina canariensis is endemic to the Canary Islands.

Tenerife: Frequent in laurel forests and forest margins, Anaga region, north coast from Orotava to Los Silos 300–1000 m, local in the south of the island.
Gran Canaria: Los Tiles de Moya, frequent in the laurel woods, very depleted in other localities near San Mateo, Santa Brigida, Pino Santo, Teror etc.
La Palma: Mazo, Los Tilos, Barranco Nogales etc., open areas in laurel forests or forest relicts.
La Gomera: Rare in the forest regions.
El Hierro: Frontera, las Playas etc.[3]

Cultivation

This species is valued in cultivation for its scrambling habit and attractive deep orange bell flowers. As it does not tolerate temperatures below 0 °C (32 °F), in temperate regions it must be grown under glass. It can be expected to reach 1.5 metres (4.9 ft) in height. In cultivation in the UK it has gained the Royal Horticultural Society’s Award of Garden Merit.[4]

References

Thomas Scott (1996). ABC Biologie. Walter de Gruyter. pp. 207–. ISBN 978-3-11-010661-9. Retrieved 31 July 2013.
Ollerton, J.; Cranmer, L.; Stelzer, R.J.; Sullivan, S.; Chittka, L. (2009). "Bird pollination of Canary Island endemic plants". Naturwissenschaften. 96 (2): 221–232. Bibcode:2009NW.....96..221O. doi:10.1007/s00114-008-0467-8. PMID 18931830. S2CID 12613534.
Bramwell, D.; Bramwell, Z. (2001). Wild flowers of the Canary Islands. Madrid, Spain: Editorial Rueda. ISBN 978-84-7207-129-2.
"RHS Plantfinder - Canarina canariensis". Retrieved 12 January 2018.