Carissa bispinosa

Classification System: APG IV

Superregnum: Eukaryota
Regnum: Plantae
Cladus: Angiosperms
Cladus: Eudicots
Cladus: Core eudicots
Cladus: Asterids
Cladus: Lamiids
Ordo: Gentianales

Familia: Apocynaceae
Subfamilia: Rauvolfioideae
Tribus: Carisseae
Genus: Carissa
Species: Carissa bispinosa
Name

Carissa bispinosa (L.) Desf. ex Brenan, Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 8:502. 1954 (R. L. Desfontaines, Tabl. école bot. ed. 1:78. 1804, nom. nud.)
Synonyms

Basionym
Arduina bispinosa L., Mant. Pl. 1: 52 (1767).
Homotypic
Carissa arduina Lam., Encycl. 1: 555 (1785), nom. illeg.
Jasminonerium bispinosum (L.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 414 (1891).
Carandas arduina S.Moore, J. Bot. 41: 403 (1903), nom. illeg.
Carissa dinteri Markgr., Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin-Dahlem 15: 758 (1942), nom. illeg.
Heterotypic
Carissa myrtoides Desf., Tabl. École Bot., ed. 3: 398 (1829).
Arduina erythrocarpa Eckl., S. African Quart. J. 1: 372 (1830).
Arduina acuminata E.Mey., Comm. Pl. Afr. Austr.: 191 (1838).
Carissa acuminata (E.Mey.) A.DC. in A.P.de Candolle, Prodr. 8: 335 (1844).
Carissa erythrocarpa (Eckl.) A.DC. in A.P.de Candolle, Prodr. 8: 335 (1844).
Jasminonerium acuminatum (E.Mey.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 414 (1891).
Jasminonerium erythrocarpum (Eckl.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 414 (1891).
Carissa wyliei N.E.Br., Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1906: 165 (1906).
Arduina megaphylla Gand., Bull. Soc. Bot. France 65: 59 (1918).
Carissa cordata Dinter, Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 53: 112 (1928).
Carissa cordata Fourc., Trans. Roy. Soc. South Africa 21: 82 (1932), nom. illeg.
Carissa sessiliflora Brongn. ex Pichon, Mém. Inst. Sci. Madagascar, Sér. B, Biol. Vég. 2: 138 (1949).
Carissa sessiliflora var. meridionalis Pichon, Mém. Inst. Sci. Madagascar, Sér. B, Biol. Vég. 2: 139 (1949).
Carissa sessiliflora var. orientalis Pichon, Mém. Inst. Sci. Madagascar, Sér. B, Biol. Vég. 2: 139 (1949).
Carissa bispinosa var. acuminata (E.Mey.) Codd, Bothalia 7: 451 (1961).
Carissa sessiliflora var. grandiflora Markgr., Adansonia, n.s., 10: 25 (1970).
Carissa bispinosa subsp. zambesiensis Kupicha, Bol. Soc. Brot., sér. 2.A, 53: 321 (1980).

Distribution
Native distribution areas:

Continental: Africa
Kenya, Tanzania, Uganda, Malawi, Mozambique, Zimbabwe, Botswana, South Africa (Limpopo, North-West Prov., Gauteng, Mpulamanga, KwaZulu-Natal, N-Cape Prov., W-Cape Prov., E-Cape Prov.), Swaziland, Namibia

References: Brummitt, R.K. 2001. TDWG – World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions, 2nd Edition
References

Desfontaines, R.L., Memoirs of the New York Botanical Garden. Bronx, NY 8:502. 1954 (R. L. Desfontaines, Tabl. école bot. ed. 1:78. 1804, nom. nud.)

Links

Govaerts, R. et al. 2018. Carissa bispinosa in Kew Science Plants of the World online. The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Published online. Accessed: 2018 Oct. 16. Reference page.
Hassler, M. 2018. Carissa bispinosa. World Plants: Synonymic Checklists of the Vascular Plants of the World In: Roskovh, Y., Abucay, L., Orrell, T., Nicolson, D., Bailly, N., Kirk, P., Bourgoin, T., DeWalt, R.E., Decock, W., De Wever, A., Nieukerken, E. van, Zarucchi, J. & Penev, L., eds. 2018. Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life. Published online. Accessed: 2018 Oct. 16. Reference page.
International Plant Names Index. 2018. Carissa bispinosa. Published online. Accessed: Oct. 16 2018.
The Plant List 2013. Carissa bispinosa in The Plant List Version 1.1. Published online. Accessed: 2018 Oct. 16.
Tropicos.org 2018. Carissa bispinosa. Missouri Botanical Garden. Published online. Accessed: 16 Oct. 2018.
USDA, ARS, Germplasm Resources Information Network. Carissa bispinosa in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), U.S. Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service. Accessed: 07-Oct-06.

Vernacular names
Afrikaans: Bosnoem-noem
English: Forest Num-num

Carissa bispinosa grows as a shrub or small tree up to 5 metres (16 ft) tall. Its fragrant flowers feature a white corolla. The fruit is red when ripe. Its habitat is woodland and forest from 1,080 m (3,540 ft) to 1,630 m (5,350 ft) altitude. Vernacular names for the plant include "forest num-num" and "Y-thorned carissa".[2] Carissa bispinosa is native an area from Uganda to South Africa.[1]
References

Botanic Gardens Conservation International (BGCI).; IUCN SSC Global Tree Specialist Group (2020). "Carissa bispinosa". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T146458080A146458082. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T146458080A146458082.en. Retrieved 20 November 2021.
"Carissa bispinosa". Flora of Zimbabwe. Retrieved 6 August 2013.