Centrosema virginianum

Classification System: APG IV

Superregnum: Eukaryota
Regnum: Plantae
Cladus: Angiosperms
Cladus: Eudicots
Cladus: Core eudicots
Cladus: Rosids
Cladus: Eurosids I
Ordo: Fabales

Familia: Fabaceae
Subfamilia: Faboideae
Tribus: Phaseoleae
Subtribus: Clitoriinae
Genus: Centrosema
Species: Centrosema virginianum
Name

Centrosema virginianum (L.) Benth.
Synonyms

Bradburya biflora (Mart. ex Benth.) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. 164 (1891)
Bradburya conjugata (Lehm.) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. 164 (1891)
Bradburya decumbens (Mart. ex Benth.) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. 164 (1891)
Bradburya virginiana (L.) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. 164 (1891)
Bradburya virginiana var. angustifolia (DC.) Kuntze
Bradburya virginiana var. flavida Kuntze
Centrosema biflorum Mart. ex Benth., Comm. Leg. Gen. (Ann. Wien. Mus. 2: 120: 1839) 56 (1837), et Ann. Wien. Mus. 2: 120 (1838)
Centrosema conjugatum (Lehm.) Steud., Nom. ed. II. 1: 325 (1840)
Centrosema decumbens Mart. ex Benth., Comm. Leg. Gen. (Ann. Wien. Mus. 2: 120: 1839) 56 (1837), et Ann. Wien. Mus. 2: 120 (1838)
Centrosema scabriusculum Hassk., Pl. Jáv. Rar. 377 (1848)
Centrosema virginianum subsp. angustifolium (Griseb.) Hadac
Centrosema virginianum var. angustifolium (DC.) Griseb., Fl. Brit. W. I. [Grisebach] 193 (1860)
Centrosema virginianum var. ellipticum (DC.) Fernald, Rhodora 43: 587 (1941)
Centrosema virginianum var. genuinum Stehlé & Quentin
Clitoria alabamensis Bertol., Misc. Bot. 9: 12
Clitoria amoena Roth, Roem. Arch. 1: III. 42 (1798)
Clitoria calcarigera Salisb., Parad. Lond., t. 51 (1806)
Clitoria gemina Vell., Fl. Flum. 313
Clitoria gladiata Schrank, Syll. Ratisb. 1: 229 (1824)
Clitoria micrantha Sm. ex Steud., Nom. ed. II. 1: 386 (1840)
Clitoria oblonga Hassk., Flora, 25: (1842) II. Beibl. 48
Clitoria virginiana L., Sp. Pl. 753 (1753)
Clitoria virginiana var. angustifolia DC.
Clitoria virginiana var. elliptica DC.
Clitoria virginiana var. ovata DC.
Cruminium virginianum (L.) Britton, Bull. Torr. Bot. Club, 18: 269 (1891)
Dolichos scabriuscidus Hassk., Flora, 25: (1842) II. Beibl. 50
Glycine pugiunculus Desv., Ann. Sc. Nat. Ser. I. 9: 414 (1826)
Nauchea virginiana (L.) Descourt., Mem. Soc. Linn. Par. 4: (1826) 9
Steganotropis conjugata Lehm., Ind. Sem. Hort. Hamb. (1826)
Ternatea virginiana J.St.-Hil.
Vexillaria virginiana (L.) Eaton

Distribution
Native distribution areas:

Continental: Northern America
Regional: Southeastern U.S.A.
Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky., Louisiana, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, Pennsylvania, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia
Regional: Mexico
Mexico Central, Mexico Gulf, Mexico Northeast, Mexico Northwest, Mexico Southeast, Mexico Southwest
Continental: Southern America
Regional: Central America
Belize, Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua, Panamá
Regional: Caribbean
Bahamas, Cayman Is., Cuba, Dominican Republic, Haiti, Jamaica, Leeward Is, Netherlands Antilles, Puerto Rico, Southwest Caribbean, Trinidad-Tobago, Turks-Caicos Is., Venezuelan Antilles, Windward Is.
Regional: Northern South America
Suriname, Venezuela.
Regional: Western South America
Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru
Regional: Brazil
Brazil North, Brazil Northeast, Brazil South, Brazil Southeast, Brazil West-Central
Regional: Southern South America
Argentina Northeast, Argentina Northwest, Paraguay, Uruguay
Introduced into:
Gabon, Ghana, India, Jawa, New Caledonia, Réunion
Doubtfully present in:
French Guiana, Guyana

References: Brummitt, R.K. 2001. TDWG – World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions, 2nd Edition
References
Primary references

Bentham, G. 1837. Comm. Legum. Gen. 56. (Ann. Wiener Mus. Naturgesch. 2: 120 (1839))

Additional references

Forzza, R.C., Zappi, D. & Souza, V.C. (2016-continuously updated). Flora do Brasil 2020 em construção http://reflora.jbrj.gov.br/reflora/listaBrasil/ConsultaPublicaUC/ResultadoDaConsultaNovaConsulta.do.
Villaseñor, J.L. 2016. Checklist of the native vascular plants of Mexico. Revista Mexicana de Biodiversidad 87: 559–902. DOI: 10.1016/j.rmb.2016.06.017 Online PDF Reference page.

Links

Govaerts, R. et al. 2021. Centrosema virginianum in Kew Science Plants of the World online. The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Published on the internet. Accessed: 2021 May 12. Reference page.
International Plant Names Index. 2021. Centrosema virginianum. Published online. Accessed: May 12 2021.
Tropicos.org 2021. Centrosema virginianum. Missouri Botanical Garden. Published on the internet. Accessed: 2021 May 12.
Hassler, M. 2021. Centrosema virginianum. World Plants: Synonymic Checklists of the Vascular Plants of the World In: Roskovh, Y., Abucay, L., Orrell, T., Nicolson, D., Bailly, N., Kirk, P., Bourgoin, T., DeWalt, R.E., Decock, W., De Wever, A., Nieukerken, E. van, Zarucchi, J. & Penev, L., eds. 2021. Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life. Published on the internet. Accessed: 2021 May 12. Reference page.
Hassler, M. 2021. World Plants. Synonymic Checklist and Distribution of the World Flora. . Centrosema virginianum. Accessed: 12 May 2021.
USDA, ARS, Germplasm Resources Information Network. Centrosema virginianum in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), U.S. Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service. Accessed: 2021 May 12.

Centrosema virginianum is known by the common names of Spurred Butterfly Pea,[1] wild blue vine, blue bell, and wild pea.[2] C. virginianum is a member of the family Fabaceae, it is identified by its trailing and twining vine and showy flowers.[3] C. virginianum habitats are in sunny areas within pine lands, and coastal uplands.[3]

Description

Centrosema virginianum is a perennial herbaceous vine [4] growing procumbently or twining to a height approaching two meters.[1][2] It has alternate pinnately divided leaves, 3 to 10 centimeters long. Leaflets are lanceolate or ovate, 1 to 4 cm long,[2] Stipules are often deciduous, and mostly setaceous.[2] There is a wide range of leaflet forms, from linear to ovate to oblong or lanceolate-oblong, acute or acuminate at the apex.[2] Flowering occurs in the spring and summer.[1][4]

Flowers of Centrosema virginianum, are highly specialized, with an inverted (resupinate) banner to accommodate pollinators (bees).[4] The inflorescence consists of one to four bisexual flowers on an axillary peduncle; the calyx is deeply five-lobed, and the acute lobes are longer than the tube.[2] The corolla is purplish or lavender-blue to nearly white;[2] the fruit contains four to ten dark brown seeds.[2] The diversity of leaflet shapes and corolla size and color can lead to confusion with C. pubescens.[2] C. virginianum's roots are capable of nitrogen fixation.[5]
Distribution

C. virginianum ranges more or less continuously from Uruguay and northern Argentina to the eastern United States and Bermuda in tropical and subtropical areas.[2][3] It is widely distributed throughout the West Indies and has become naturalized in tropical West Africa.[2]
See also

Clitoria, a vine with which Centrosema virginianum may be confused

References

"NCNPS Native Plant Gallery". North Carolina Native Plant Society. Retrieved 12 February 2017.
"CentrosemaVirginianum". Retrieved 18 April 2012.
"IRC-Natives for your Neighborhood". Retrieved 18 April 2012.
"Island and Mainland Pollination Ecology of Centrosema Virginianum and Opuntia Stricta". JSTOR 2260423. {{cite web}}: Missing or empty |url= (help)
Benth., L. "Plants for the future". Retrieved 18 April 2012.