Chenopodiastrum murale

Classification System: APG IV

Superregnum: Eukaryota
Regnum: Plantae
Cladus: Angiosperms
Cladus: Eudicots
Cladus: Core eudicots
Ordo: Caryophyllales

Familia: Amaranthaceae s.l.
Cladus: Chenopodiaceae s.str.
Subfamilia: Chenopodioideae
Tribus: Chenopodieae
Genus: Chenopodiastrum
Sectio: Chenopodiastrum sect. Chenopodiastrum
Species: Chenopodiastrum murale
Name

Chenopodiastrum murale (L.) S. Fuentes, Uotila & Borsch, Willdenowia 42(1): 14. (2012)
Synonyms

Basionym
Chenopodium murale L., Sp. Pl. 1: 219. (1753)
Lectotype: Herb. Linn. 313.6 (LINN) (designated by Brenan in Fl. Trop. E. Africa, Chenopodiaceae: 7. 1954).
Homotypic
Anserina muralis (L.) Montandon, Syn. Fl. Jura 263. (1856)
Atriplex muralis (L.) Crantz, Inst. Rei Herb. 1: 206. (1766)
Heterotypic (ref. Freitag et al. 2001)
Chenopodium ilicifolium Griff., Not. Pl. asiat. 4:337. 1854; Ic. Pl. asiat. 4: Plate 521. (1854)
(ref. Hassler 2018)
Chenopodium biforme Nees, Pl. Preiss. 1: 636 (1845)
Chenopodium murale var. biforme (Nees) Moq., Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 13(2): 69. (1849)
Chenopodium carthagenense Zuccagni, Collecteana 133 (1806)
Chenopodium murale var. carthagenense Moq., Chenop. Monogr. Enum. 32. (1840)
Chenopodium chamrium Buch.-Ham., Numer. List [Wallich] n. 6953. (1832)
Chenopodium congestum Hook.f., London J. Bot. 6: 280 (1847)
Rhagodia congesta (Hook.f.) Moq., Prodr. 13(2): 51 (1849)
Rhagodia baccata var. congesta (Hook.f.) Hook.f., Fl. Tasman. 1: 312 (1857)
Chenopodium flavum Forssk., Fl. Aegypt. Arab. Suppl. 205. (1775)
Chenopodium gandhium Buch.-Ham., Numer. List [Wallich] n. 6953. (1832)
Chenopodium guineense Jacq., Collectanea 2: 346 (1789)
Chenopodium hookerianum Moq., Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 13(2): 68. (1849)
Chenopodium laterale [Soland.], Hort. Kew. [W. Aiton] 1: 313. (1789)
Chenopodium longidjawense Peter, Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 40(2 Anh.): 22 (1932)
Chenopodium lucidum Gilib., Exerc. Phyt. 2: 440 (1792)
Chenopodium maroccanum Pau, Mem. Real Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat. 12: 381 (1924)
Chenopodium triangulare Forssk., Fl. Aegypt. Arab. Suppl. 205. (1775)
Vulvaria trachisperma Bubani, Fl. Pyren. 1: 177 (1897)
Chenopodium murale var. acutidentatum Aellen, Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 24: 343. (1928)
Chenopodium murale var. albescens Moq., Chenop. Monogr. Enum. 32. (1840)
Chenopodium murale var. spissidentatum Murr, Magyar Bot. Lapok 2: 11. (1903)

Distribution
Native distribution areas:

Europe
Northern Europe
Denmark, Sweden (s.), United Kingdom (s.)
Middle Europe
Austria, Czech Republic, Germany, Hungary, Poland, Slovakia, Switzerland
Southwestern Europe
France (incl. Corsica), Portugal, Spain (incl. Baleares)
Southeastern Europe
Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Greece, Italy (incl. Sardinia, Sicily), Macedonia, Montenegro, Romania, Serbia, Slovenia
Eastern Europe
Belarus, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Ukraine (incl. Krym)
Africa
Northern Africa
Algeria, Egypt, Libya, Morocco, Tunisia
Macaronesia
Madeira Islands, Canary Islands
Asia-Temperate
Western Asia
Cyprus, Israel, Jordan, Lebanon, Syria, Turkey
Arabian Peninsula
Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates, Yemen

References: Brummitt, R.K. 2001. TDWG – World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions, 2nd Edition
References
Primary references

Fuentes-Bazan, S., Uotila, P. & Borsch, T. 2012. A novel phylogeny-based generic classification for Chenopodium sensu lato, and a tribal rearrangement of Chenopodioideae (Chenopodiaceae). Willdenowia 42(1): 5–24. DOI: 10.3372/wi42.42101 Full text PDF Reference page. : 14.
Linnaeus, C. 1753. Species Plantarum. Tomus I: 219. Reference page.
Friche-Joset, F. & Montandon, F.J. 1856. Synopsis de la Flore du Jura septentrional et du Sundgau. Mulhouse, J.P. Risler. online Reference page. : 263
Crantz, H.I.N. 1766. Institutiones rei herbariae juxta nutum naturae digestae ex habitu. Tomus I. LVI+592 pp. Impensis Ioannis Pauli Kraus, Vienna. Biblioteca Digital Internet Archive Reference page. : 206

Additional references

Clemants, S.E. & Mosyakin, S.L. Chenopodium murale in Flora of North America. Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, MO & Harvard University Herbaria, Cambridge, MA.
Freitag, H., Hedge, I.C, Jafri, S.M.H, Kothe-Heinrich, G., Omer, S. & Uotila, P. 2001. Chenopodiaceae. In: Ali, S.I. (ed.): Flora of Pakistan 204. 217 pp., Department of Botany/Missouri Botanical Press, Karachi/St. Louis, ISBN 1-930723-10-5 eFloras. Reference page. : Chenopodium murale

Links

Hassler, M. 2018. Chenopodiastrum murale. World Plants: Synonymic Checklists of the Vascular Plants of the World In: Roskovh, Y., Abucay, L., Orrell, T., Nicolson, D., Bailly, N., Kirk, P., Bourgoin, T., DeWalt, R.E., Decock, W., De Wever, A., Nieukerken, E. van, Zarucchi, J. & Penev, L., eds. 2018. Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life. Published on the internet. Accessed: 2018 September 25. Reference page.
International Plant Names Index. 2016. Chenopodiastrum murale. Published online. Accessed: Feb. 25 2016.
Tropicos.org 2016. Chenopodiastrum murale. Missouri Botanical Garden. Published on the internet. Accessed: 25 Feb. 2016.
USDA, ARS, Germplasm Resources Information Network. Chenopodiastrum murale in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), U.S. Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service. Accessed: 01-Jul-13.

Vernacular names
Afrikaans: Muurhondebossie
dansk: Mur-Gåsefod
Deutsch: Mauer-Gänsefuß
English: Nettle-leaved Goosefoot, Australian-spinach, salt-green, sowbane
español: ceñiglo, cenizo, cenizo negro, pie de ganso, quenopodio, salaillo, salao, salao verde, ceñiclo
eesti: Müür-hanemalts
suomi: Rauniosavikka
hornjoserbsce: Murjowa pólšica
Nederlands: Muurganzenvoet
norsk: Gatemelde
polski: Komosa murowa
پنجابی: کرنڈ
Runa Simi: Asnaq qañiwa
русский: Марь постенная, Марь стенная
svenska: Gatmålla
Türkçe: Isırgan yapraklı kazayağı

Chenopodiastrum murale,[2] (Syn. Chenopodium murale) is a species of plant in the family Amaranthaceae known by the common names nettle-leaved goosefoot,[3] Australian-spinach, salt-green, and sowbane.[1] This plant is native to Europe and parts of Asia and northern Africa, but it is widespread worldwide, particularly in tropical and subtropical areas due to the ease of it being introduced.[1] It is a common weed of fields and roadsides.

Description

This is an annual herb reaching 70 centimeters in height with an erect stem which is usually red or red-streaked green and leafy with green foliage. The oval to triangular leaves are toothed and broad, smooth on the upper surface and powdery on the undersides.

The inflorescences are powdery clusters of spherical buds. The buds do not open into typical flower blossoms but remain with the sepals covering the ovary as the fruit develops.
Uses

The seeds are edible, and the shoots, stalks, and leaves can be eaten as greens.[4] The 1889 book 'The Useful Native Plants of Australia records that common names include "Australian Spinach" and "Fat-hen". It also states that it is a "pot-herb", which may be utilised in the same manner as spinach.[5]

Care should be taken not to confuse this species with deadly black nightshade, which looks similar when young. The leaves of Chenopodium murale have a white mealy texture, and the axils have a red streak.[6]
References

"Chenopodiastrum murale". Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN). Agricultural Research Service (ARS), United States Department of Agriculture (USDA). Retrieved 9 July 2013.
Susy Fuentes-Bazan, Pertti Uotila, Thomas Borsch: A novel phylogeny-based generic classification for Chenopodium sensu lato, and a tribal rearrangement of Chenopodioideae (Chenopodiaceae). In: Willdenowia. Vol. 42, No. 1, 2012, p. 14.
BSBI List 2007 (xls). Botanical Society of Britain and Ireland. Archived from the original (xls) on 2015-06-26. Retrieved 2014-10-17.
"Native American Ethnobotany" (Database). University of Michigan - Dearborn. Retrieved 27 April 2011.
J. H. Maiden (1889). The useful native plants of Australia : Including Tasmania. Turner and Henderson, Sydney.

Nyerges, Christopher (2017). Foraging Washington: Finding, Identifying, and Preparing Edible Wild Foods. Guilford, CT: Falcon Guides. ISBN 978-1-4930-2534-3. OCLC 965922681.

Everitt, J.H.; Lonard, R.L.; Little, C.R. (2007). Weeds in South Texas and Northern Mexico. Lubbock: Texas Tech University Press. ISBN 0-89672-614-2