Cistus crispus

Classification System: APG IV

Superregnum: Eukaryota
Regnum: Plantae
Cladus: Angiosperms
Cladus: Eudicots
Cladus: Core eudicots
Cladus: Rosids
Cladus: Eurosids II
Ordo: Malvales

Familia: Cistaceae
Genus: Cistus
Subgenus: C. subg. Cistus
Sectio: C. sect. Cistus
Species: Cistus crispus
Name

Cistus crispus L., Sp. Pl. 1: 524 (1753) (as “C. crispa”).

Ind. loc.: “Habitat in Lusitania”
Lectotypus: Herb. Burser, XXIV: 53 (UPS), designated by Ferrer-Gallego et al., Taxon 62: 1046 (2013).

Synonyms

Homotypic
Cistus vulgaris var. crispus (L.) Spach, Hist. Nat. Vég. 6: 88 (1836), nom. superfl.
Cistus vulgaris Spach, Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot. sér. 2, 6: 368 (1836), p.p., nom. illeg.
Heterotypic
Cistus crispus var. vestitus Hook.f. ex E.F.Warb., J. Roy. Hort. Soc. 55: 25 (1930).
Cistus crispus f. vestitus (Hook.f. ex E.F.Warb.) Dans., Boissiera 4: 51 (1939).
Cistus crispus f. warburgii Dans., Boissiera 4: 51 (1939).
Cistus crispus var. losae Pau, in sched., nom. nud.
Cistus gougerotae A.Camus, Bull. Soc. Bot. France 78: 97 (1931). pro hybr.

Hybrids

C. × crispatus – C. × fernandesiae – C. × gardianus – C. × incanus – C. × ultraviolaceus
Distribution
Native distribution areas:

Continental: Europe
Regional: Southwestern Europe
Corse (doubtful), France, Spain, Portugal
Regional: Southeastern Europe
Italy (extinct), Sicilia (excl. Malta)
Continental: Africa
Regional: North Africa
Algeria, Morocco, Tunisia

References: Brummitt, R.K. 2001. TDWG – World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions, 2nd Edition
References
Primary references

Linnaeus, C. 1753. Species Plantarum. Tomus I: 524. Reference page.

Additional references

Demoly, J.-P. & Montserrat, P. 1993. Cistus. In: Castroviejo, S. & al. (eds.). Flora Ibérica, Plantas Vasculares de la Península Ibérica e Islas Baleares, Vol. III. Plumbaginaceae (partim) – Capparaceae. Real Jardín Botánico, C.S.I.C., Madrid, ISBN 84-00-07375-4, pp. 319–337 (!321–322) (PDF). Reference page.
Demoly, J.-P. 1996. Les hybrides binaires rares du genre Cistus L. (Cistaceae). Anales del Jardin Botánico de Madrid 54(1): 241–254 (!249). PDF. Reference page.
Demoly, J.-P. 2006. Les hybrides ternaires du genre Cistus L. (Cistaceae). Biocosme Mésogéen 23(1): 1–15 (!4–5). Reference page.
Ferrer Gallego, P.P., Laguna Lumbreras, E. & Crespo, M.B. 2013. Typification of six Linnaean names in Cistus L. (Cistaceae). Taxon 62(5): 1046–1049. DOI: 10.12705/625.6. Reference page.
Greuter, W., Burdet, H.M. & Long, G. (eds.) 1984. Med-Checklist. A critical inventory of vascular plants of the circum-mediterranean countries. Vol. 1: Pteridophyta (ed. 2), Gymnospermae, Dicotyledones (Acanthaceae – Cneoraceae). c + 330 pp., Conservatoire et Jardin Botaniques, Genève 1984. ISBN 2-8277-0151-0. Online version. Reference page. , p. 316 (Cistus crispus).

Vernacular names
català: Estepa
Deutsch: Krausblättrige Zistrose
español: Jara rizada
euskara: Estrepa
português: Roselha

Cistus crispus is a shrubby species of flowering plant in the family Cistaceae , with pink to purple flowers, native to south-western Europe and western north Africa.

Description

Cistus crispus grows up to 50 cm (1 ft 8 in) tall. Its grey-green leaves are wavy (undulate), oblong to elliptical in shape, usually 1–4 cm (0.4–1.6 in) long by 4–15 mm (0.2–0.6 in) wide. They have three prominent veins and are covered a mixture of short stellate hairs and longer simple hairs. The flowers are arranged in few-flowered cymes, each flower being 3–4 cm (1.2–1.6 in) across with five purplish-red petals and five hair-covered sepals.[2]
Taxonomy

Cistus crispus was first described by Carl Linnaeus in 1753 in Species Plantarum (p. 524).[1] The specific epithet crispus means "curly" or "finely waved", referring to the leaves.[3]

It hybridizes with Cistus albidus to form the hybrid Cistus × incanus.[4]
Phylogeny

A 2011 molecular phylogenetic study placed C. crispus as the deepest branching member of the clade of purple and pink flowered Cistus species (the "purple pink clade" or PPC).[5]
Species-level cladogram of Cistus species.

Halimium spp.             PPC           Cistus crispus                     Cistus asper         Cistus chinamadensis         Cistus horrens         Cistus ocreatus         Cistus osbeckiifolius         Cistus palmensis         Cistus symphytifolius                 Cistus heterophyllus               Cistus albidus         Cistus creticus                   Halimium spp.         WWPC                 Cistus clusii         Cistus munbyi                 Cistus inflatus         Cistus ladanifer         Cistus laurifolius         Cistus libanotis         Cistus monspeliensis         Cistus parviflorus         Cistus populifolius         Cistus pouzolzii         Cistus salviifolius         Cistus sintenisii             Purple   Pink   Clade   White   Whitish Pink   Clade

Species-level cladogram of Cistus species, based on plastid and nuclear DNA sequences.[4][6][5][7]
Distribution

Cistus crispus is native to north Africa[6] and south-western Europe, including Portugal, Spain, France, Corsica, Italy and Sicily.[2]
References

"Cistus crispus", The Plant List, retrieved 2015-03-02
Warburg, E.F. (1968), "Cistus albidus", in Tutin, T.G.; Heywood, V.H.; Burges, N.A.; Valentine, D.H.; Walters, S.M. & Webb, D.A. (eds.), Flora Europaea, Volume 2: Rosaceae to Umbelliferae, Cambridge University Press, p. 283, ISBN 978-0-521-06662-4
Coombes, Allen J. (1994), Dictionary of Plant Names, London: Hamlyn Books, ISBN 978-0-600-58187-1, p. 42
Guzmán, B. & Vargas, P. (2005), "Systematics, character evolution, and biogeography of Cistus L. (Cistaceae) based on ITS, trnL-trnF, and matK sequences", Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 37 (3): 644–660, doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2005.04.026, PMID 16055353
Civeyrel, Laure; Leclercq, Julie; Demoly, Jean-Pierre; Agnan, Yannick; Quèbre, Nicolas; Pélissier, Céline & Otto, Thierry (2011), "Molecular systematics, character evolution, and pollen morphology of Cistus and Halimium (Cistaceae)", Plant Systematics and Evolution, 295 (1–4): 23–54, doi:10.1007/s00606-011-0458-7, S2CID 21995828
Guzman, B.; Lledo, M.D. & Vargas, P. (2009). "Adaptive Radiation in Mediterranean Cistus (Cistaceae)". PLOS ONE. 4 (7): e6362. Bibcode:2009PLoSO...4.6362G. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0006362. PMC 2719431. PMID 19668338.
Guzmán, B. & Vargas, P. (2009). "Historical biogeography and character evolution of Cistaceae (Malvales) based on analysis of plastid rbcL and trnL-trnF sequences". Organisms Diversity & Evolution. 9 (2): 83–99. doi:10.1016/j.ode.2009.01.001.