Crinum bulbispermum

Classification System: APG IV

Superregnum: Eukaryota
Regnum: Plantae
Cladus: Angiosperms
Cladus: Monocots
Ordo: Asparagales

Familia: Amaryllidaceae
Subfamilia: Amaryllidoideae
Tribus: Amaryllideae
Subtribus: Crininae
Genus: Crinum
Species: Crinum bulbispermum
Name

Crinum bulbispermum (Burm.f.) Milne-Redh. & Schweick. (1939)
Synonyms

Homotypic
Amaryllis bulbisperma Burm.f., Fl. Indica, Prodr. Fl. Cap.: 9. 1768.

Heterotypic
Amaryllis capensis Mill., Gard. Dict. ed. 8: 12. 1768, nom. illeg.
Amaryllis longifolia var. riparia Ker Gawl., Bot. Reg. 7: t. 546. 1821.
Amaryllis riparia (Ker Gawl.) Burch. ex Kunth, Enum. Pl. 2: 580. 1837.
Crinum bulbispermum var. sanguineum Traub, Pl. Life 13: 61. 1957.
Crinum capense Herb., Bot. Mag. 47: t. 2121. 1820.
Crinum capense var. riparia (Ker Gawl.) Herb., Bot. Mag. 53: t. 2688. 1826.
Crinum govenium Herb., Trans. Hort. Soc. London 3: 190. 1822.
Crinum riparium (Ker Gawl.) Herb., Appendix: 23. 1821.
Crinum spofforthianum Herb. ex Sweet, Hort. Brit., ed. 3: 678. 1839.
Erigone govenica Salisb., Gen. Pl.: 116. 1866, nom. inval.

Hybrids

Crinum × altaclarae Herb., nom. inval.
Crinum × claronis Herb., nom. inval.
Crinum × elseae L.S.Hannibal, nom. inval.
Crinum × herbertii G.Don ex Loudon
Crinum × kircape O.E.Orpet
Crinum × mitchamiae Herb., nom. inval.
Crinum × powellii Baker
Crinum × puseyae Herb., nom. inval.
Crinum × roxburghii Herb., nom. inval.
Crinum × seymouri Herb., nom. inval.

Distribution
Native distribution areas:

Continental: America
Alabama; Cuba; Florida; Honduras; Louisiana; North Carolina; Texas;
Continental: Africa
Cape Provinces; Free State; KwaZulu-Natal; Leeward Is.; Lesotho; Madeira; Northern Provinces; Swaziland;

References: Brummitt, R.K. 2001. TDWG – World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions, 2nd Edition
References

Milne-Redhead, E.W.B.H. & Schweickerdt, H.G.W.J, Journal of the Linnean Society. Botany. London 52:161. 1939

Links

Govaerts, R. et al. 2018. Crinum bulbispermum in World Checklist of Selected Plant Families. The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Published online. Accessed: 2018 Jul. 27. Reference page.
International Plant Names Index. 2018. Crinum bulbispermum. Published online. Accessed: Jul. 27 2018.
USDA, ARS, Germplasm Resources Information Network. Crinum bulbispermum in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), U.S. Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service. Accessed: 07-Oct-06.

Crinum bulbispermum is a herbaceous plant native to South Africa, Lesotho and Eswatini. It is naturalized in the Lesser Antilles, Honduras, Cuba, Florida, Texas, Louisiana, Alabama, South Carolina and North Carolina.[4][5] Crinum bulbispermum is the floral emblem of the Free State province of South Africa.

Description

The plant grows from large bulbs. It has strap shaped leaves, 50–88 cm long. The inflorescence is an umbel with 8–13 flowers, borne on a scape 40–75 cm tall. The flowers are funnel shaped and sickly-sweet scented, and are usually pink with a deep pink or red midstripe, but can range from white to red. Flowering takes place in spring and summer. The plant thrives in wet places.[1][2][6]
Cultivars and hybrids

There are some cultivars in cultivation:

'Alba' - pure white flowers.
'Backup Mother' - vigorous. Flowers medium pink with white throat.
'Spotty' - flowers rose-purple with odd random white spots and unpigmented, short stripes. Bred by Hannibal.

The species has also been used in a number of hybrids commonly cultivated.

Crinum × herbertii G.Don ex Loud. (C. bulbispermum × C. scabrum)
Crinum × powellii hort. ex Baker (C. bulbispermum × C. moorei) The most hardy of all Crinum species.

Cultivation and uses

This is one of the most commonly cultivated species, grown as an ornamental plant for its flowers. It is best grown in deep soils that receive and hold a lot of water during the growing season and should be left to grow in the same place without disturbance for many years. Plants require full sun. They also make good container plants. The species is hardy to USDA zone 6 or −10 °C if the bulb is protected. Propagation is by division or seeds. Seedlings will flower in their third or fourth year.[7]
References

Edgar Wolston Bertram Handsley Milne-Redhead & Herold Georg Wilhelm Johannes Schweickerdt. 1939. Journal of the Linnean Society, Botany 52(342): 161. Crinum bulbispermum
Burman, Nicolaas Laurens. 1768. Flora Indica: cui accedit series zoophytorum indicorum, nec non Prodromus Florae Capensis 9, as Amaryllis bulbisperma
Herbert, William, Bot. Mag. 47: t. 2121 1820, as Crinum capense
Kew World Checklist of Selected Plant Families, Crinum bulbispermum
Biota of North America Project Crinum bulbispermum
Flora of North America Crinum bulbispermum
"Amaryllids in Cultivation". Archived from the original on 2011-07-21. Retrieved 2006-11-21.