Echinops echinatus

Classification System: APG IV

Superregnum: Eukaryota
Regnum: Plantae
Cladus: Angiosperms
Cladus: Eudicots
Cladus: Core eudicots
Cladus: Asterids
Cladus: Campanulids
Ordo: Asterales

Familia: Asteraceae
Subfamilia: Carduoideae
Tribus: Cardueae
Subtribus: Echinopsinae
Genus: Echinops
Species: Echinops echinatus
Name

Echinops echinatus Roxb., 1832
Synonyms

Echinops spinosus Herb. Madr. ex Wall.
Serratula indica Russ. ex Wall.
Sphaerocephalus echinatus (Roxb.) Kuntze

Distribution
Native distribution areas:

Continental:Asie
Jammu & Kashmir, India (widespread, Himachal Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh, Rajasthan, Bihar, West Bengal, Madhya Pradesh, Andhra Pradesh, Tamil Nadu, Karnataka, Maharashtra), Pakistan (Sind, Karachi, Baluchistan, Kurram, Pakistani Punjab, etc.), Pakistani Kashmir (Mirpur, Hunza, Baltistan), Burma (widespread)

References: Brummitt, R.K. 2001. TDWG – World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions, 2nd Edition
References

Roxburgh, W., Flora Indica or Descriptions of Indian plants. Vol 2 3: 447. 1832.

Links

Hassler, M. 2018. Echinops echinatus. World Plants: Synonymic Checklists of the Vascular Plants of the World In: Roskovh, Y., Abucay, L., Orrell, T., Nicolson, D., Bailly, N., Kirk, P., Bourgoin, T., DeWalt, R.E., Decock, W., De Wever, A., Nieukerken, E. van, Zarucchi, J. & Penev, L., eds. 2018. Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life. Published on the internet. Accessed: 2018 May 17. Reference page.
International Plant Names Index. 2018. Echinops echinatus. Published online. Accessed: May 17 2018.
The Plant List 2013. Echinops echinatus in The Plant List Version 1.1. Published on the internet. Accessed: 2018 May 17.
Tropicos.org 2018. Echinops echinatus. Missouri Botanical Garden. Published on the internet. Accessed: 2018 May 17.
USDA, ARS, Germplasm Resources Information Network. Echinops echinatus in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), U.S. Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service. Accessed: 07-Oct-06.

Vernacular names
English: Indian globe thistle

Echinops echinatus, the Indian globe thistle, commonly known as Usnakantaka,[1] is a species of globe thistle, found in India, Pakistan, and Sri Lanka. Indian Globe Thistle is an erect branched herb about 100 cm high. It has short, stout stems, branching from the base, covered with white cottony hair. Alternately arranged oblong, deeply pinnatifid leaves are 7–12 cm long. Flower heads occur in solitary white spherical balls, 3–5 cm across. Petals of the tiny white disc florets are 5 mm long. Flowers are surrounded by straight, strong, white bristles. Often misidentified with Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertner,[2] it is colloquially known as Camel's thistle.[1]
Flowering

From December to January.[1]
Chemistry

2',5,7- trihydroxy-3.6-dimethoxy flavone-7-O-b-D-galactopyranosyl-[1®4]-O-a-L-rhamnopyranoside is reported from the seeds of Echinops echinatus. 7-hydroxyisoflavone, kaempferol-4'-methylether, kaempferol-7-methylether, myricetin-3-O-a-L-rhamnoside, kaempferol and kaempferol-3-O-a-L-rhamnoside, are reported from the whole plant of Echinops echinatus.

An antiinflammatory active flavanone glycoside 5,7-dihydroxy-8,4'-dimethoxyflavanone-5-O-a-L-rhamnopyranosyl-7-O-b-D-arabinopyranosyl-(1®4)-O-b-D-glucopyranoside A along with a known compound dihydroquercetin-4'-Me ether is also reported from the leaves of Echinops echinatus.

Apigenin, apigenin 7-O-glucoside, and a new acylflavone glucoside named echitin (I) were isolated from Echinops echinatus flowers.

Echinopsidine, a potential MAOI, is found in this species along with the related alkaloids echinopsine and echinozolinone.
References

Maurya, Santosh Kumar; Kushwaha, Ashwini Kumar; Seth, Ankit (2015). "Ethnomedicinal review of Usnakantaka (Echinops echinatus Roxb.)". Pharmacognosy Reviews. 9 (18): 149–154. doi:10.4103/0973-7847.162138. ISSN 0973-7847. PMC 4557238. PMID 26392713.

Khan, M. A.; Niazi, H. A.; Khalid, S. (2000). "Ethnobotany and taxonomic studies of Echinops echinatus Roxb. (Untkatara) from Potohar region of Pakistan". Hamdard Medicus (Pakistan). ISSN 0250-7188.

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Singh B, Gambhir SS, Pandey VB, Joshi VK. 1989. Anti-inflammatory activity of Echinops echinatus
Flowers of India, Indian Globe Thistle description and photos
Vashisth Pranav,, Jain Vinay, Mishra Priy , Bharadwaj Sudhir, Agrawal Neha, Chokotia Love , Sikarwar Indu , Sironiya Rajkumar , Matoli Harsha. 2015. Echinops echinatus Roxb., a nature's drugstore, an overview. Indo-American Journal of Pharmaceutical Research
Manish Agrawal, Alok Nahata, Vinod Dixit. 2012. Protective effects of Echinops echinatus on testosterone-induced prostatic hyperplasia in rats. European Journal of Integrative Medicine