Epipactis

Classification System: APG IV

Superregnum: Eukaryota
Regnum: Plantae
Cladus: Angiosperms
Cladus: Monocots
Ordo: Asparagales

Familia: Orchidaceae
Subfamilia: Epidendroideae
Tribus: Neottieae
Genus: Epipactis
Overview of species (65)E. cretica - futakii - E. gigantea - E. gracilis - E - E. leptochila - s - E. microphylla - E . moravica - E. muelleri - E. n - E. palustris

E. africana – E. alata – E. albensis – E. atrorubens – E. autumnalis – E. bugacensis – E. calabrica – E. collaris – E. condensata – E. cordigera – E. cupaniana – E. dunensis – E. etrusca – E. euxina – E. exilis – E. fageticola – E. fascicularis – E. flaminia – E. flava – E. garganica – E. gigantea – E. greuteri – E. guegelii – E. helleborine – E. humilior – E. hyblaea – E. hygrophila – E. ioessa – E. kartliana – E. kleinii – E. krym-montana – E. leptochila – E. lucana – E. lusitanica – E. mairei – E. majellensis – E. meridionalis – E. microphylla – E. muelleri – E. nordeniorum – E. ohwii – E. olympica – E. palustris – E. papillosa – E. persica – E. phyllanthes – E. pinovica – E. placentina – E. pontica – E. purpurata – E. rechingeri – E. rivularis – E. royleana – E. sanguinea – E. stellifera – E. tallosii – E. taurica – E. thunbergii – E. torqueta – E. tremolsii – E. troodi – E. turcomanica – E. ulugurica – E. veratrifolia – E. xanthophaea – E. xanthophaea
Nothospecies: (23)

E. × barlae – E. × barreana – E. × breinerorum – E. × bruxellensis – E. × cardonneae – E. × conquensis – E. × gerbaudiorum – E. × gevaudanii – E. × graberi – E. × hanseniorum – E. × heterogama – E. × liestalensis – E. × mohilewiensis – E. × nicolosii – E. × pupplingensis – E. × reinekei – E. × robatschii – E. × schmalhausenii – E. × schulzei – E. × soguksuensis – E. × stephensonii – E. × subtilis – E. × vermionensis
Name

Epipactis Zinn, Cat. Pl. Hort. Gott.: 85. (1757), nom. cons.

Type species: Epipactis helleborine (L.) Crantz, Stirp. Austr. Fasc., ed. 2, 2: 467. (1769)

Synonymy

Basionym
Limodorum Ludw. ex Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 671. (1891), nom. illeg.
Heterotypic
Helleborine Mill., Gard. Dict. Abr. ed. 4 (1754)
Limonias Ehrh., Beitr. Naturk. 4: 147 (1789)
Arthrochilium (Irmisch) Beck, Fl. Nieder-Österreich 1: 212 (1890)
Calliphyllon Bubani, Fl. Pyren. 4: 56 (1901)
Amesia A.Nelson & J.F.Macbr., Bot. Gaz. 56: 472 (1913)
Parapactis W.Zimm., Mitt. Bad. Landesvereins Naturk., n.f., 1: 232 (1922)

Homonym

Epipactis Ség., Pl. Veron. 3: 253 (1754), nom. rej. - vide: Goodyera R.Br. in W.T.Aiton, Hortus Kew. 5: 197 (1813)

Distribution
Native distribution areas:

Europe
Northern Europe
Denmark, Finland, Great Britain, Ireland, Norway, Sweden.
Middle Europe
Austria, Belgium, Czechoslovakia, Germany, Hungary, Netherlands, Poland, Switzerland.
Southwestern Europe
Baleares, Corse, France, Portugal, Sardegna, Spain.
Southeastern Europe
Albania, Bulgaria, Greece, Italy, Kriti, Romania, Sicilia, Turkey-in-Europe, Yugoslavia.
Eastern Europe
Belarus, Baltic States, Krym, Central European Russia, East European Russia, North European Russia, South European Russia, Northwest European Russia, Ukraine.
Africa
Northern Africa
Algeria, Morocco.
West-Central Tropical Africa
Burundi, Cameroon, Rwanda, Zaïre.
Northeast Tropical Africa
Ethiopia, Somalia.
East Tropical Africa
Kenya, Tanzania, Uganda.
South Tropical Africa
Malawi, Mozambique.
Asia-Temperate
Siberia
Altay, Buryatiya, Irkutsk Krasnoyarsk, West Siberia, Yakutiya.
Russian Far East
Kamchatka, Khabarovsk, Kuril Islands, Primorye, Sakhalin.
Middle Asia
Kazakhstan, Kirgizstan, Turkmenistan, Tadzhikistan, Uzbekistan.
Caucasus
North Caucasus, Transcaucasus.
Western Asia
Afghanistan, Cyprus, East Aegean Islands, Iran, Iraq, Lebanon-Syria, Palestine, Sinai, Turkey.
Arabian Peninsula
Gulf States,Oman, Saudi Arabia, Yemen.
China
China South-Central, Inner Mongolia, Manchuria, China North-Central, Qinghai, China Southeast, Tibet, Xinjiang.
Mongolia
Mongolia.
Eastern Asia
Japan, Korea, Nansei-shoto, Taiwan.
Asia-Tropical
Indian Subcontinent
Assam, East Himalaya, India, Nepal, Pakistan, West Himalaya.
Indo-China
Laos, Myanmar, Thailand, Vietnam.
Northern America
Western Canada
British Columbia.
Eastern Canada (introduced)
New Brunswick (introduced), Newfoundland (introduced), Ontario (introduced), Québec (introduced).
Northwestern U.S.A.
Colorado, Idaho, Montana, Oregon, Washington, Wyoming.
North-Central U.S.A. (introduced)
Illinois (introduced), Minnesota (introduced), Missouri (introduced), Oklahoma, South Dakota, Wisconsin (introduced).
Northeastern U.S.A. (introduced)
Connecticut (introduced), Indiana (introduced), Maine (introduced), Massachusetts (introduced), Michigan (introduced), New Hampshire (introduced), New Jersey (introduced), New York (introduced), Ohio (introduced), Pennsylvania (introduced), Rhode Islands (introduced), Vermont (introduced), West Virginia (introduced).
Southwestern U.S.A.
Arizona, California, Nevada, Utah.
South-Central U.S.A.
New Mexico, Texas.
Southeastern U.S.A. (introduced)
Arkansas (introduced), Kentucky (introduced), Maryland (introduced), North Carolina (introduced), Tennessee (introduced), Virginia (introduced).
Mexico
Mexico Northeast, Mexico Northwest.

References: Brummitt, R.K. 2001. TDWG – World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions, 2nd Edition
References
Primary references

Pridgeon, A.M., Cribb, P.J., Chase, M.W. & Rasmussen, F.N. (eds.) 2006. Genera Orchidacearum Volume 4 Epidendroideae (Part one); page 501 ff., Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-850712-7. Reference page.
Zinn, J.G. 1757. Catalogus plantarum Horti Academici et agri Gottingensis. 441 pp., Gottingae, Vandenhoeck: Hathitrust. Reference page. : 85–87.

Links

Global Biodiversity Information Facility. 2022. GBIF Backbone Taxonomy. Checklist dataset. Taxon: Epipactis. Accessed: 2022 Jul 18.
Govaerts, R. et al. 2022. Epipactis in Kew Science Plants of the World online. The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Published online. Accessed: 2022 Jul 18. Reference page.
Govaerts, R. et al. 2022. Epipactis in World Checklist of Selected Plant Families. The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Published online. Accessed: 2022 Jul 18. Reference page.
Hassler, M. 2022. Epipactis. World Plants: Synonymic Checklists of the Vascular Plants of the World In: Roskovh, Y., Abucay, L., Orrell, T., Nicolson, D., Bailly, N., Kirk, P., Bourgoin, T., DeWalt, R.E., Decock, W., De Wever, A., Nieukerken, E. van, Zarucchi, J. & Penev, L., eds. 2022. Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life. Published online. Accessed: 2022 Jul 18. Reference page.
International Plant Names Index. 2022. Epipactis. Published online. Accessed: 18 Jul 2022.
Tropicos.org 2022. Epipactis. Missouri Botanical Garden. Published online. Accessed: 18 Jul 2022.

Vernacular names

العربية: أفيبقطس
башҡортса: Баҙыҡай
čeština: Kruštík
dansk: Hullæbe
Deutsch: Stendelwurzen
English: Helleborine
español: Orquídea Heleborina
فارسی: خربقی
suomi: Neidonvaipat
français: Épipactis
hornjoserbsce: Stawač
magyar: Nőszőfű
italiano: Elleborine
日本語: カキラン属
қазақша: Жылантамыр
перем коми: Эпипактис
коми: Эпипактис
Latina: Epipactis
lietuvių: Skiautalūpis
мокшень: Эпипактис
кырык мары: Эпипактис
Nederlands: Wespenorchis
polski: Kruszczyk
русский: Дремлик
slovenčina: Kruštík
svenska: Knipprötter
татарча/tatarça: Шөпшә күкеяше
удмурт: Эпипактис
українська: Коручка
Tiếng Việt: Amesia
中文: 火烧兰属
中文（简体）: 火烧兰属

Epipactis, or helleborine, is a genus of terrestrial orchids consisting of approximately 70 species. This genus is abbreviated as Epcts in horticultural trade.

Description

Their creeping, fleshy rhizomes grow offshoots, from which then emerge the 20–70 cm long stems during the next spring.

There are four to eight alternate, lanceolate leaves, that grow progressively shorter near the top. The margins are entire, the top is acute. Species with less chlorophyll have blue-purple leaves.

Their bilaterally symmetrical colorful flowers grow from a terminal raceme. The three sepals and the two lateral petals are ovate and acuminate. Their color can vary from greenish-white to violet and purple.

The lip is divided in a bowl-shaped hypochile, with the outer surface greenish-white and threaded with dark veins. The wavy, snow-white epichile is fan-shaped.

The ovary is inferior. It produces a dry capsule with countless minute seeds.
Chemistry

As is characteristic of all orchids, Epipactis spp. are dependent on a mycorrhizal symbiosis (see also Orchid mycorrhiza). This allows some species to have reduced leaves and need little chlorophyll. Violet helleborine (Epipactis viridiflora) can even do without chlorophyll. These forms can be recognized by their purple instead of violet flowers.
Habitat

The species occur in temperate and subtropical climates of America, Asia, and Europe. These orchids grow in open spaces in forests, in undergrowth, on calcareous soils and are often found in wet dune-slacks near the sea. The only original American species is the giant helleborine (Epipactis gigantea). One species from Europe, broad-leaved helleborine (Epipactis helleborine), is invasive in North America. Most species are protected.

Most of these hardy orchids grow in a wet environment, but there are exceptions. The marsh helleborine (Epipactis palustris) is the only European orchid able to survive in a flooded habitat. Epipactis gigantea is a species found in the American west, and into southern Canada, in wet areas and even streams. It can grow to a height of 1 m. However, Epipactis helleborine grows in more diverse habitats, from sheltered sandy beaches to open spaces in deciduous or coniferous forests, on roadsides, in meadows, and on moist soils. It is sometimes called the weed orchid.
Species
Broad-leaved helleborine
Marsh helleborine
Giant helleborine
Epipactis papillosa
Epipactis thunbergii

Epipactis africana (Ethiopia to Malawi)
Epipactis albensis (C. Europe)
Epipactis albensis var. albensis (EC. Europe). Rhizome geophyte
Epipactis albensis var. fibri (France). Hemicryptophye or rhizome geophyte
Epipactis aspromontana (Italy) - now synonym of Epipactis leptochila subsp. aspromontana (Bartolo, Pulv. & Robatsch) Kreutz
Epipactis atromarginata (Vietnam)
Epipactis atrorubens (Hoffm.) Besser : dark red helleborine, royal helleborine (Europe to Caucasus)
Epipactis atrorubens var. atrorubens
Epipactis atrorubens var. atrata A.Waldner & Webernd (Austria)
Epipactis atrorubens subsp. danubialis (Robatsch & Rydlo) Ciocârlan & R.Rösler
Epipactis atrorubens subsp. spiridonovii (Devillers-Tersch. & Devillers) Kreutz
Epipactis atrorubens subsp. subclausa (Robatsch) Kreutz
Epipactis atrorubens var. triploidea (Gelbr. & G.Hamel) Kreutz
Epipactis autumnalis D.Doro (Italy)
Epipactis baumanniorum Ströhle
Epipactis bithynica (Turkey) - now synonym of Epipactis helleborine subsp. bithynica (Robatsch) Kreutz
Epipactis bugacensis (Hungary, near Bugacpusztaháza)
Epipactis campeadorii (Spain)
Epipactis cardina (Spain)
Epipactis condensata (Turkey to Lebanon, Cyprus, W. Transcaucasus)
Epipactis cretica (Crete)
Epipactis danubialis (Romania) - now synonym of Epipactis atrorubens subsp. danubialis (Robatsch & Rydlo) Ciocârlan & R.Rösler
Epipactis degenii (Greece) - now synonym of Epipactis halacsyi subsp. degenii (Szentp. & Mónus) Kreutz
Epipactis distans Arvet-Touvet (Central Europe)
Epipactis dunensis (Great Britain: N. England to N. Wales)
Epipactis duriensis Bernardos, et al. (Portugal) - now synonym of Epipactis tremolsii var. duriensis (Bernardos, D.Tyteca, Revuelta & Amich) P.Delforge
Epipactis exilis P.Delforge - now a synonym of Epipactis persica subsp. exilis (P.Delforge) Kreutz
Epipactis flaminia (EC. Europe) - now synonym of Epipactis greuteri var. flaminia (P.R.Savelli & Aless.) Kreutz
Epipactis flava (Laos, Thailand).
Epipactis futakii (EC. Europe) - now synonym of Epipactis leptochila var. futakii (Mered'a & Potek) P.Delforge
Epipactis gigantea : stream orchid, chatterbox, giant helleborine (W. Canada to N. Mexico).
Epipactis greuteri H.Baumann & Künkele (Greece).
Epipactis greuteri var. flaminia (P.R.Savelli & Aless.) Kreutz
Epipactis greuteri var. preinensis (Seiser) P.Delforge
Epipactis greuteri subsp. preinensis (Austria)
Epipactis guegelii (Romania)
Epipactis halacsyi Robatsch (Greece) - now basionym of Epipactis viridiflora subsp. halacsyi
Epipactis halacsyi subsp. degenii (Szentp. & Mónus) Kreutz
Epipactis helleborine (L.) Crantz : broad-leaved helleborine (N. Africa, Europe to C. China, Type species).
Epipactis helleborine subsp. bithynica (Robatsch) Kreutz
Epipactis helleborine subsp. helleborine (N. Africa, Europe to C. China).
Epipactis helleborine subsp. latina (Italy to NW. Balkan Pen).
Epipactis helleborine subsp. leutei (Robatsch) Kreutz
Epipactis helleborine var. minor R.Engel (France)
Epipactis helleborine subsp. molochina (P.Delforge) Kreutz
Epipactis helleborine subsp. neerlandica (W. Europe).
Epipactis helleborine subsp. orbicularis (C. Europe) synonym of Epipactis distans Arvet-Touvet
Epipactis helleborine subsp. schubertiorum (Bartolo, Pulv. & Robatsch) Kreutz
Epipactis helleborine subsp. transcaucasica (Caucasus). Hemicryptophye or rhizome geophyte
Epipactis helleborine subsp. tremolsii (W. Medit.) Hemicryptophye or rhizome geophyte
Epipactis helleborine var. youngiana (A.J.Richards & A.F.Porter) Kreutz
Epipactis ioessa Bongiorni, De Vivo, Fori & Romolini (Italy)
Epipactis kleinii (S. France to E. Spain)
Epipactis komoricensis (EC. Europe) - now synonym of Epipactis leptochila subsp. komoricensis (Mered'a) Kreutz
Epipactis lapidocampi E.Klein & Laminger (Austria)
Epipactis latifolia All., nom. illeg. (synonym of Epipactis helleborine)
Epipactis latifolia lus. rosea Erdner - now synonym of Epipactis viridiflora var. rosea (Erdner) Kreutz
Epipactis leptochila (Godfery) Godfery : narrow-lipped helleborine (Europe).
Epipactis leptochila subsp. aspromontana (Bartolo, Pulv. & Robatsch) Kreutz
Epipactis leptochila var. cleistogama (C.Thomas) Kreutz
Epipactis leptochila var. dinarica (S.Hertel & Riech.) P.Delforge
Epipactis leptochila var. futakii (Mered'a & Potek) P.Delforge
Epipactis leptochila subsp. komoricensis (Mered'a) Kreutz
Epipactis leptochila subsp. leptochila (Europe)
Epipactis leptochila subsp. maestrazgona (P.Delforge & Gévaudan) Kreutz
Epipactis leptochila subsp. naousaensis (Robatsch) Kreutz
Epipactis leptochila subsp. neglecta (WC. Europe). Hemicryptophyte or rhizome geophyte
Epipactis leptochila var. peitzii (H.Neumann & Wucherpf.) P.Delforge
Epipactis leptochila subsp. sancta (P.Delforge) Kreutz
Epipactis leutei (Austria) - now synonym of Epipactis helleborine subsp. leutei (Robatsch) Kreutz
Epipactis liestalensis (C. Europe).
Epipactis lusitanica (S. and N. Portugal)- now synonym of Epipactis tremolsii subsp. lusitanica (D.Tyteca) Kreutz
Epipactis maestrazgona P.Delforge & Gévaudan (Spain)
Epipactis magnibracteata (NC. China)
Epipactis mairei (Nepal to C. China)
Epipactis maricae (Campania, Italy
Epipactis mecsekensis (Hungary) - now a synonym of Epipactis nordeniorum subsp. mecsekensis (A.Molnár & Robatsch) Kreutz
Epipactis meridionalis H.Baumann & R.Lorenz (Sicilia to S. Italy)
Epipactis microphylla (Europe to Iran)
Epipactis molochina P.Delforge (Spain)
Epipactis moravica Batousek (Czech Republic, Slovakia, Hungary) - now a synonym of Epipactis nordeniorum subsp. moravica (Batousek) Kreutz
Epipactis muelleri (W. & C. Europe).
Epipactis muelleri subsp. cerritae (Sicilia). Hemicryptophye or rhizome geophyte
Epipactis muelleri subsp. muelleri (W. & C. Europe) Rhizome geophyte
Epipactis nauosaensis (Greece) - now a synonym of Epipactis leptochila subsp. naousaensis (Robatsch) Kreutz
Epipactis nordeniorum Robatsch (Austria)
Epipactis nordeniorum subsp. mecsekensis (A.Molnár & Robatsch) Kreutz
Epipactis nordeniorum subsp. moravica (Batousek) Kreutz
Epipactis ohwii (C. Taiwan)
Epipactis olympica (Greece)
Epipactis palustris : marsh helleborine, marsh orchid (Europe to Caucasus and Mongolia)
Epipactis papillosa (Russian Far East to Korea, Japan)
Epipactis persica (Soó) Nannf. (SE. Europe to W. Pakistan)
Epipactis persica subsp. exilis (P.Delforge) Kreutz
Epipactis phyllanthes G.E.Sm. : green-flowered helleborine (W. & NW. Europe).
Epipactis phyllanthes subsp. fageticola (C.E.Hermos.) Kreutz
Epipactis phyllanthes var. olarionensis (France). Hemicryptophye or rhizome geophyte
Epipactis phyllanthes var. phyllanthes (W. & NW. Europe)
Epipactis placentina (Switzerland to Italy).
Epipactis pollinensis (Italy) - now synonym of Epipactis viridiflora var. pollinensis (B.Baumann & H.Baumann) Kreutz
Epipactis pontica (EC. Europe to N. Turkey)
Epipactis provincialis (France)
Epipactis pseudopurpurata (Slovakia) - Epipactis viridiflora subsp. pseudopurpurata (Mered'a) Kreutz
Epipactis purpurata
Epipactis rechingeri (N. Iran)
Epipactis rhodanensis (France to Austria)
Epipactis robatschiana Bartolo, D'Emerico, Pulv., Terrasi & Stuto (Italy)
Epipactis royleana (E. Afghanistan to Himalaya)
Epipactis sancta: Lindisfarne helleborine
Epipactis schubertiorum (Italy) - now synonym of Epipactis helleborine subsp. schubertiorum (Bartolo, Pulv. & Robatsch) Kreutz
Epipactis spiridonovii (Bulgaria) - now synonym of Epipactis atrorubens subsp. spiridonovii (Devillers-Tersch. & Devillers) Kreutz
Epipactis stellifera (Switzerland)
Epipactis subclausa (Greece) - now synonym of Epipactis atrorubens subsp. subclausa (Robatsch) Kreutz
Epipactis tallosii (Slovakia, Hungary)
Epipactis tenii (China)
Epipactis thessala (N. & C. Greece)
Epipactis thunbergii (S. Russian Far East to Korea, Japan to Nansei-shoto)
Epipactis tremolsii Pau
Epipactis tremolsii subsp. densifolia (W.Hahn, Passin & R.Wegener) Kreutz
Epipactis tremolsii var. duriensis (Bernardos, D.Tyteca, Revuelta & Amich) P.Delforge
Epipactis tremolsii subsp. heraclea (P.Delforge & Kreutz) Kreutz
Epipactis tremolsii subsp. lusitanica (D.Tyteca) Kreutz
Epipactis tremolsii subsp. turcica (Kreutz) Kreutz
Epipactis troodi (Cyprus, Turkey )
Epipactis turcica (E. Aegean Is. to Turkey) - now synonym of Epipactis tremolsii subsp. turcica (Kreutz) Kreutz
Epipactis turcomanica (C. Asia)
Epipactis ulugurica (Tanzania)
Epipactis veratrifolia : scarce marsh helleborine (Caucasus to Somalia and SC. China)
Epipactis viridiflora (Hoffm.) Krock: clustered helleborine, violet helleborine (Europe)
Epipactis viridiflora subsp. halacsyi (Robatsch) B.Baumann & H.Baumann (Greece)
Epipactis viridiflora subsp. pollinensis (B.Baumann & H.Baumann) B.Baumann & H.Baumann (Italy)
Epipactis viridiflora subsp. pseudopurpurata (Mered'a) Kreutz
Epipactis viridiflora var. rosea (Erdner) Kreutz
Epipactis xanthophaea (China)
Epipactis youngiana : Young's helleborine (Great Britain) - now synonym of Epipactis helleborine var. youngiana (A.J.Richards & A.F.Porter) Kreutz

Hybrids

Epipactis × amigoi (E. helleborine × E. kleinii) (Europe).
Epipactis × barlae (E. helleborine × E. microphylla) (C. Europe).
Epipactis × barreana (E. latina × E. muelleri) (Italy).
Epipactis × breinerorum (E. helleborine subsp. helleborine × E. greuteri) (EC. Europe).
Epipactis × bruxellensis (E. helleborine × E. phyllanthes) (W. Europe).
Epipactis × capellonensis (E. atrorubens × E. latina) (Italy).
Epipactis × cardonneae (E. atrorubens × E. kleinii) (W. Europe).
Epipactis × conquensis (E. cardina × E. kleinii) (Spain).
Epipactis × gerbaudiorum (E. provincialis × E. tremolsii) (France)
Epipactis × gevaudanii (E. helleborine × E. rhodanensis) (France).
Epipactis × graberi (E. atrorubens × E. microphylla) (Europe).
Epipactis × heterogama (E. atrorubens × E. muelleri) (Europe).
Epipactis x nicolosii M.P.Grasso & Grillo (. (E. helleborine (L.) Crantz x E. meridionalis H.Baumann & R.Lorenz) (Sicilia)
Epipactis × populetorum ( E. helleborine × E. hispanica) (Spain).
Epipactis × pupplingensis ( E. atrorubens × E. palustris) (Europe).
Epipactis × reinekei (E. helleborine × E. muelleri) (Europe).
Epipactis × robatschii Gévaudan & P.Delforge (E. bugacensis Robatsch x E. atrorubens (Hoffm.) Besser subvar. borbasii )
Epipactis × schmalhausenii (E. atrorubens × E. helleborine) (Europe).
Epipactis × schmalhausenii nothosubsp. fleischmannii (E. atrorubens × E. helleborine subsp. orbicularis) (Europe). Hemicryptophye or rhizome geophyte
Epipactis × schmalhausenii nothosubsp. schmalhausenii (Europe). Rhizome geophyte
Epipactis × schulzei (Europe).
Epipactis × soguksuensis(E. helleborine × E. turcica) (Turkey).
Epipactis × stephensonii (E. helleborine × E. leptochila) (Europe).
Epipactis × trikalana (E. helleborine × E. thessala) (Greece).
Epipactis × vermionensis (E. gracilis × E. helleborine) (Greece).