Eremurus

Classification System: APG IV

Superregnum: Eukaryota
Regnum: Plantae
Cladus: Angiosperms
Cladus: Monocots
Ordo: Asparagales

Familia: Asphodelaceae
Subfamilia: Asphodeloideae
Genus: Eremurus
Species: E. afghanicus – E. aitchisonii – E. alaicus – E. alberti – E. × albocitrinus – E. altaicus – E. ammophilus – E. anisopterus – E. azerbajdzhanicus – E. bactrianus – E. brachystemon – E. bucharicus – E. candidus – E. cappadocicus – E. chinensis – E. chloranthus – E. comosus – E. cristatus – E. czatkalicus – E. dolichomischus – E. furseorum – E. fuscus – E. gypsaceus – E. hilariae – E. himalaicus – E. hissaricus – E. iae – E. inderiensis – E. × isabellinus – E. jungei – E. kaufmannii – E. kopet-daghensis – E. korowinii – E. korshinskyi – E. lachnostegius – E. lactiflorus – E. ludmillae – E. luteus – E. micranthus – E. nikitinae – E. nuratavicus – E. olgae – E. parviflorus – E. persicus – E. pubescens – E. rechingeri – E. regelii – E. robustus – E. roseolus – E. saprjagajevii – E. soogdianus – E. spectabilis – E. stenophyllus – E. subalbiflorus – E. suworowii – E. tadshikorum – E. tauricus – E. thiodanthus – E. tianschanicus – E. turkestanicus – E. wallii – E. zangezuricus – E. zenaidae – E. zoae
Source(s) of checklist:

Govaerts, R. et al. 2019. Eremurus in World Checklist of Selected Plant Families. The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Published online. Accessed: 2019 Feb. 24. Reference page.

Name

Eremurus M.Bieb., Fl. Taur.-Caucas. 3: 269 (1819).

Type species: E. spectabilis M.Bieb.

Synonyms

Homotypic
Eremurus sect. Eueremurus (Baker) Boiss., Fl. Or. 5: 321. 1882.
Eremurus subg. Eueremurus Baker, J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 15: 279. 1876 [1].

Heterotypic
Ammolirion Kar. & Kir., Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 15: 515 (1842).
Eremurus sect. Ammolirion (Kar. & Kir.) B.Fedtsch., Fl. URSS 4: 42. 1935 [2].
Type species: A. stevenii Kar. & Kir.
Eremurus sect. Trochanthus O.Fedsch., Zap. Akad. Nauk, ser. 8. 23: 22. 1909.
Henningia Kar. & Kir., Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 15: 516 (1842).
Eremurus sect. Henningia (Kar. & Kir.) B.Fedtsch., Fl. URSS 4: 47. 1935 [3].
Eremurus subg. Henningia (Kar. & Kir.) Baker, J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 15: 279. 1876 [4].
Type species: H. anisoptera Kar. & Kir.
Selonia Regel, Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 41(1): 457 (1868).
Type species: S. soogdiana Regel

Note:

Recent research does not fully support former infrageneric divisions, hence not presented here (Naderi, Kazempoor & Zarrei 2009).
References

Bieberstein, F.A.M.v. 1819. Fl. Taur.-Caucas. 3: 269.
Naderi , K., Kazempoor, S. & Zarrei, M. 2009: Phylogeny of the genus Eremurus (Asphodelaceae) based on morphological characters in the Flora Iranica area. Iranian Journal of Botany 15: 27–35.

Links

Govaerts, R. et al. 2019. Eremurus in World Checklist of Selected Plant Families. The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Published online. Accessed: 2019 Feb. 24. Reference page.
International Plant Names Index. 2019. Eremurus. Published online. Accessed: Feb. 24 2019.
The Plant List 2013. Eremurus in The Plant List Version 1.1. Published online. Accessed: 2019 Feb. 24.
Tropicos.org 2019. Eremurus. Missouri Botanical Garden. Published online. Accessed: 24 Feb. 2019.

Vernacular names
suomi: Marskinliljat
русский: Эремурус, или Ширяш
svenska: Stäppliljesläktet

Eremurus /ˌɛrɪˈmjʊərəs/[2] is a genus of deciduous perennial flowers in the family Asphodelaceae. They are also known as the foxtail lilies or desert candles. They are native to eastern Europe in (Russia and Ukraine), and temperate Asia from Turkey to China.[1][3]

The inflorescence consists of a tall floral spike whose individual flowers extend their anthers around the stem axis as in the bottle brushes. Depending on the species, the spike consists of many densely-arranged, small flowers in shades of orange, yellow, white, pale pink or red-orange. The grey-green, straplike leaves grow in a tuft from the succulent root crown. Eremurus is known for its thick, fingerlike roots, which grow from a central growth point. The blooming spike is notably tall and relatively narrow, rising from 3 to 9 or 10 feet above the foliage, depending on the variety. These plants are mainly native to western and central Asia, although Eremurus thiodanthus is endemic to the Crimea.[4]
Cultivation

Eremurus is hardy to USDA Zones 5-7. Usually four species are available commercially for cultivation:

E. himalaicus grows to about 4 ft (1.2 m) with pure white racemes
E. robustus can reach 8–10 ft (2.4–3.0 m) in height with pink or white flower spikes
E. stenophyllus, a dwarf species, reaches 2–3 ft (0.61–0.91 m) in height with yellow flowers.

Also E. × isabellinus which is a hybrid of E. olgae and E. stenophyllus is available as 'Cleopatra', with orange spikes.[5]

The cultivar 'Joanna' has won the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit. [6]

The octopus-like tuberous roots are easily injured; planting on a cone of soil, with the crown on the peak and the roots hanging down, is recommended. Plants are readily affected by winter root rot, so that a layer of sand or gravel beneath is recommended to ensure drainage. Covering with compost or mulch provides protection from frost.[7][8]

Species[1]

Eremurus afghanicus Gilli - Afghanistan
Eremurus aitchisonii Baker - Afghanistan, Pakistan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Uzbekistan
Eremurus alaicus Khalk - Kyrgyzstan
Eremurus albertii Regel - Afghanistan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Uzbekistan
Eremurus × albocitrinus Baker - Iran (E. olgae × E. stenophyllus)
Eremurus altaicus (Pall.) Steven - Altai Republic, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Uzbekistan, Xinjiang, Mongolia
Eremurus ammophilus Vved. - Uzbekistan
Eremurus anisopterus (Kar. & Kir.) Regel - Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Xinjiang
Eremurus azerbajdzhanicus Kharkev. - Caucasus

Eremurus leaves sold for consumption in Armenia

Eremurus bactrianus Wendelbo - Afghanistan
Eremurus brachystemon Vved. - Tajikistan
Eremurus bucharicus Regel - Afghanistan, Tajikistan
Eremurus candidus Vved. - Tajikistan
Eremurus cappadocicus J.Gay ex Baker - Turkey, Iraq, Syria
Eremurus chinensis O.Fedtsch. - Gansu, Sichuan, Tibet, Yunnan
†Eremurus chloranthus Popov - Uzbekistan but extinct
Eremurus comosus O.Fedtsch. - Afghanistan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan
Eremurus cristatus Vved. - Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan
Eremurus czatkalicus Lazkov - Kyrgyzstan
Eremurus dolichomischus Vved. & Wendelbo - Afghanistan, Pakistan
Eremurus furseorum Wendelbo - Afghanistan
Eremurus fuscus (O.Fedtsch.) Vved - Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Pakistan, Tajikistan
Eremurus hilariae Popov & Vved. - Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Uzbekistan
Eremurus himalaicus Baker - Himalayas of Afghanistan + Pakistan + Kashmir
Eremurus hissaricus Vved - Gissar Range in Tajikistan + Uzbekistan
Eremurus iae Vved. - Tajikistan, Uzbekistan
Eremurus inderiensis (M.Bieb.) Regel - European Russia, Western Siberia, Central Asia, Iran, Pakistan, Afghanistan, Xinjiang, Mongolia
Eremurus × isabellinus P. L. Vilm. (E. stenophyllus × E. olgae) - Garden origin
Eremurus jungei Juz. - Crimea
Eremurus kaufmannii Regel - Afghanistan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Uzbekistan
Eremurus kopet-daghensis Karrer - Turkmenistan, Iran
Eremurus korovinii B.Fedtsch. - Kazakhstan, Tajikistan, Uzbekistan
Eremurus korshinskyi O.Fedtsch - Afghanistan, Tajikistan
Eremurus lachnostegius Vved. - Tajikistan
Eremurus lactiflorus O.Fedtsch. - Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Uzbekistan
Eremurus × ludmillae Levichev & Priszter - Uzbekistan (E. regelii × E. turkestanicus)
Eremurus luteus Baker - Turkmenistan, Iran, Afghanistan, Tajikistan, Uzbekistan
Eremurus micranthus Vved. - Tajikistan
Eremurus nuratavicus Khokhr. Uzbekistan
Eremurus olgae Regel - a dwarf species flowering in June or July, making it one of the last species to flower - Turkmenistan, Iran, Afghanistan, Tajikistan, Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan
Eremurus parviflorus Regel - Pamir Mountains in Tajikistan
Eremurus persicus (Jaub. & Spach) Boiss. - Iran, Afghanistan, Pakistan, Kashmir
Eremurus pubescens Vved. - Tajikistan
Eremurus rechingeri Wendelbo - Iraq
Eremurus regelii Vved. - Tajikistan, Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan, Kazakhstan
Eremurus robustus (Regel) Regel - Tajikistan, Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan, Kazakhstan - grows from 6 to 10 feet high.
Eremurus roseolus Vved - Afghanistan, Tajikistan
Eremurus saprjagajevii B.Fedtsch. - Tajikistan, Uzbekistan
Eremurus soogdianus (Regel) Benth. & Hook.f. - Tajikistan, Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan, Kazakhstan, Afghanistan
Eremurus spectabilis M.Bieb. - European Russia, Ukraine, Caucasus, Iran, Iraq, Turkey, Syria, Lebanon, Israel, Palestine, Jordan, Turkmenistan
Eremurus stenophyllus (Boiss. & Buhse) Baker syn. E. bungei - Tajikistan, Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan, Iran, Afghanistan, Pakistan[9]
Eremurus subalbiflorus Vved. - Turkmenistan, Iran
Eremurus suworowii Regel - Afghanistan, Tajikistan, Uzbekistan
Eremurus tadshikorum Vved. - Tajikistan
Eremurus tauricus Steven - Crimea, northern Caucasus in Russia
Eremurus thiodanthus Juz. - Crimea
Eremurus tianschanicus Pazij & Vved. ex Pavlov - Tajikistan, Kyrgyzstan, Kazakhstan
Eremurus turkestanicus Regel - Tajikistan, Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan, Kazakhstan
Eremurus wallii Rech.f. - Syria
Eremurus zangezuricus Mikheev - southern Caucasus
Eremurus zenaidae Vved. - Tajikistan, Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan
Eremurus zoae Vved. - Kyrgyzstan*

References

Kew World Checklist of Selected Plant Families
Sunset Western Garden Book, 1995:606–607
Flora of China Vol. 24 Page 159 独尾草属 du wei cao shu Eremurus Marschall von Bieberstein, Fl. Taur.-Caucas. 3: 269. 1819
"Botany.com: Eremurus". Archived from the original on 2008-07-20. Retrieved 2008-07-08.
CBG 2017.
"Eremurus 'Joanna'". RHS. Retrieved 7 June 2020.
"Mrs Greenfingers: How to Grow Eremurus". Archived from the original on 2011-10-04. Retrieved 2008-07-08.
"Love to Know Garden: Eremurus". Archived from the original on 2008-06-25. Retrieved 2008-07-09.

PBS 2014.

Bibliography
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Eremurus.

"Eremurus". Advice. Royal Horticultural Society. 2017. Retrieved 9 October 2017.
"Eremurus". Plant information. Chicago Botanic Garden. 2017. Retrieved 8 October 2017.
"Eremurus". Pacific Bulb Society. 30 January 2014. Retrieved 9 October 2017.