Eriocaulon

Classification System: APG IV

Superregnum: Eukaryota
Regnum: Plantae
Cladus: Angiosperms
Cladus: Monocots
Cladus: Commelinids
Ordo: Poales

Familia: Eriocaulaceae
Subfamilia: Eriocauloideae
Genus: Eriocaulon
Species

a

E. abyssinicum – E. achiton – E. acutibracteatum – E. acutifolium – E. adamesii – E. aethiopicum – E. africanum – E. afzelianum – E. albocapitatum – E. alleizettei – E. aloifolium – E. alpestre – E. alpinum – E. altogibbosum – E. amanoanum – E. angustibracteum – E. angustifolium – E. annamense – E. ansarii – E. anshiense – E. apetalum – E. apiculatum – E. aquaticum – E. aquatile – E. araguaiense – E. arechavaletae – E. arenicola – E. arfakense – E. arupense – E. asteroides – E. athertonense – E. atratum – E. atroides – E. atrum – E. australasicum – E. australe

b

E. balakrishnanii – E. bamendae – E. baramaticum – E. barba-caprae – E. barbeyanum – E. bassacense – E. batholithicola – E. beauverdii – E. belgaumensis – E. benthamii – E. bhutanicum – E. bicolor – E. bilobatum – E. bolei – E. bongense – E. boni – E. brachypeplon – E. brevipedunculatum – E. breviscapum – E. bromelioideum – E. brownianum – E. brunonis – E. buchananii – E. buergerianum – E. burchellii – E. burttii

c

E. caaguazuense – E. cabralense – E. caesium – E. candidum – E. capitulatum – E. carajense – E. carpentariae – E. carsonii – E. catopsioides – E. celebicum – E. ceylanicum – E. chantaranothaii – E. cherrapunjianum – E. chiangmaiense – E. chinorossicum – E. chloanthe – E. cinereum – E. cipoense – E. clarksonii – E. coeruleum – E. collettii – E. compressum – E. comptonii – E. concretum – E. congolense – E. conicum – E. coniferum – E. cookei – E. crassiscapum – E. crassiusculum – E. cristatum – E. cubense – E. cuspidatum – E. cylindratum

d

E. dalzellii – E. damazianum – E. decangulare – E. decemflorum – E. deightonii – E. densum – E. denticulum – E. depauperatum – E. depressum – E. desulavii – E. devendranii – E. dictyophyllum – E. diloloense – E. dimorphoelytrum – E. dimorphopetalum – E. dipsacoides – E. disepalum – E. distichoides – E. dregei – E. duthiei

e

E. eberhardtii – E. echinaceum – E. echinospermoideum – E. echinospermum – E. echinulatum – E. edwardii – E. eglandulatum – E. ehrenbergianum – E. ekmannii – E. elegantulum – E. elenorae – E. elichrysoides – E. ensiforme – E. epapillosum – E. epedunculatum – E. ermeiense – E. escape – E. eurypeplon – E. exsertum

f

E. faberi – E. fenestratum – E. fergusonii – E. fistulosum – E. flumineum – E. fluviatile – E. fuliginosum – E. fulvum – E. fuscum – E. fysonii

g

E. gibbosum – E. giganticum – E. giluwense – E. glabripetalum – E. glandulosum – E. glaucum – E. glaziovii – E. gomphrenoides – E. graphitinum – E. gregatum – E. griseum – E. guadalajarense – E. guyanense

h

E. hamiltonianum – E. hayatanum – E. heleocharioides – E. henryanum – E. herzogii – E. heterochiton – E. heterodoxum – E. heterogynum – E. heterolepis – E. heteromallum – E. heteropeplon – E. hildebrandtii – E. homotepalum – E. hondoense – E. hookerianum – E. hooperae – E. huanchacanum – E. huianum – E. humboldtii – E. hydrophilum

i

E. inapertum – E. infaustum – E. infirmum – E. inundatum – E. inyangense – E. iringense – E. irregulare

j

E. jaliscanum – E. japonicum – E. jauense – E. johnstonii – E. jordanii

k

E. kainantense – E. kanarense – E. karnatakense – E. kinabaluense – E. kinlochii – E. kiusianum – E. koernickei – E. koernickianum – E. kolhapurense – E. komarovii – E. konkanense – E. koynense – E. kunmingense – E. kusiroense

l

E. lanatum – E. lanceolatum – E. laniceps – E. lanigerum – E. laosense – E. lasiolepis – E. latifolium – E. laxifolium – E. leianthum – E. leptophyllum – E. leucogenes – E. leucomelas – E. liberisepalum – E. ligulatum – E. lineare – E. linearifolium – E. linearitepalum – E. lividum – E. longicuspe – E. longipedunculatum – E. longipetalum – E. longirostrum – E. lustratum

m

E. macrobolax – E. maculatum – E. madagascariense – E. madayiparense – E. magnificum – E. magnum – E. maharashtrense – E. majusculum – E. malabaricum – E. mamfeense – E. mangshanense – E. mannii – E. margaretae – E. maronderanum – E. matopense – E. mbalensis – E. meeboldii – E. megapotamicum – E. meiklei – E. melanocephalum – E. melanolepis – E. mesanthemoides – E. mexicanum – E. microcephalum – E. milhoense – E. minimum – E. minusculum – E. minutissimum – E. minutum – E. miquelianum – E. miserrimum – E. miserum – E. misionum – E. mitophylum – E. modestum – E. modicum – E. mokalense – E. molinae – E. monococcon – E. monoscapum – E. montanum – E. mulanjeanum – E. mutatum

n

E. nadjae – E. nairii – E. nakayense – E. nanellum – E. nantoense – E. nanum – E. nautiliforme – E. nautiliformoides – E. neglectum – E. nematophyllum – E. neocaledonicum – E. nepalense – E. nigericum – E. nigriceps – E. nigrobracteatum – E. nigrocapitatum – E. nigrum – E. novoguineense – E. nudicuspe

o

E. obclavatum – E. obtriangulare – E. obtusum – E. odashimai – E. odontospermum – E. odoratum – E. officinale – E. omuranum – E. oreadum – E. oryzetorum – E. ovoideum – E. ozense

p

E. pachystroma – E. palghatense – E. pallescens – E. pallidum – E. palmeri – E. paludicola – E. palustre – E. panagudianum – E. panamense – E. pancheri – E. papillosum – E. paradoxum – E. paraguayense – E. parkeri – E. parnellii – E. parvicapitulatum – E. parviflorum – E. parvitepalum – E. parvulum – E. parvum – E. patericola – E. pectinatum – E. peninsulare – E. perplexum – E. peruvianum – E. petraeum – E. phatamense – E. philippo-coburgii – E. phuchongense – E. phuphanense – E. phuphanoides – E. pictum – E. pilgeri – E. piliflorum – E. pilosissimum – E. pioraense – E. plumale – E. plumbeum – E. polhillii – E. poluense – E. pringlei – E. psammophilum – E. pseudocompressum – E. pseudoescape – E. pseudoquinquangulare – E. pseudotruncatum – E. pubigerum – E. pulchellum – E. pulvinatum – E. pusillum – E. pygmaeum – E. pykarense

q

E. quinquangulare

r

E. raipurense – E. rajendrababui – E. ramnadense – E. ramocaulon – E. ratnagiricum – E. ravenelii – E. recurvibracteum – E. regnellii – E. reitzii – E. remotum – E. richardianum – E. ritchieanum – E. robustobrownianum – E. robustum – E. rockianum – E. rosenii – E. roseum – E. rosulatum – E. rouxianum – E. rubescens – E. rufum

s

E. saccatum – E. sachalinense – E. santapaui – E. satakeanum – E. scariosum – E. schiedeanum – E. schimperi – E. schippii – E. schischkinii – E. schlechteri – E. schochianum – E. schultzii – E. sclerocephalum – E. sclerophyllum – E. scorpionensis – E. scullionii – E. sedgwickii – E. seemannii – E. sekimotoi – E. sellowianum – E. selousii – E. senegalense – E. sessile – E. setaceum – E. sexangulare – E. sharmae – E. siamense – E. sigmoideum – E. silicicola – E. silveirae – E. similischimperi – E. similitepalum – E. sinealaeum – E. singulare – E. sivarajanii – E. smitinandii – E. sollyanum – E. sonderianum – E. soucherei – E. sparganioides – E. spectabile – E. sphagnicola – E. spongiola – E. spongiosifolium – E. spruceanum – E. staintonii – E. steinbachii – E. stellulatum – E. stenophyllum – E. steyermarkii – E. stipantepalum – E. striatum – E. strictum – E. subglaucum – E. submersum – E. sulanum – E. sumatranum

t

E. taeniophyllum – E. taishanense – E. takae – E. talbotii – E. tanakae – E. taquetii – E. tenuifolium – E. tenuissimum – E. tepicanum – E. teusczii – E. texense – E. thailandicum – E. thouarsii – E. thwaitesii – E. thysanocephalum – E. togoense – E. tonkinense – E. tortuosum – E. transvaalicum – E. tricornum – E. trilobatum – E. trisectoides – E. truncatum – E. tuberiferum – E. tubiflorum – E. tutidae – E. tuyamae

u

E. ubonense – E. ulaei – E. ussuriense

v

E. vandaanamense – E. varium – E. vasudevanii – E. vaupesense – E. volkensii

w

E. walkeri – E. wayanadense – E. welwitschii – E. wightianum – E. wildii – E. willdenovianum – E. williamsii – E. woodsonianum

x

E. xenopodion – E. xeranthemum

y

E. yoshinoi

z

E. zambesiense – E. zollingerianoides – E. zollingerianum – E. zyotanii

Notospecies

E. × hessii
Name

Eriocaulon L. Sp. Pl. 1: 87 (1753)

Type species: Eriocaulon decangulare L., Sp. Pl. 1: 87 (1753)

Synonyms

Heterotypic
Cespa Hill, Herb. Brit. 1: 66 (1769)
Nasmythia Huds., Fl. Angl., ed. 2: 414 (1778)
Randalia P.Beauv. ex Desv., Ann. Sci. Nat. (Paris) 13: 47 (1828)
Sphaerochloa P.Beauv. ex Desv., Ann. Sci. Nat. (Paris) 13: 47 (1828)
Symphachne P.Beauv. ex Desv., Ann. Sci. Nat. (Paris) 13: 47 (1828)
Leucocephala Roxb., Fl. Ind. ed. 1832, 3: 612 (1832)
Busseuillia R.Lesson, J. Navig. Thétis 2: 348 (1837)
Chaetodiscus Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 2: 261 (1855)
Electrosperma F.Muell., Trans. & Proc. Philos. Inst. Victoria 1: 23 (1855)
Dichrolepis Welw., Apont.: 542 (1859)
Lasiolepis Boeckeler, Flora 56: 90 (1873)

References
Primary references

Linnaeus, C. 1753. Species Plantarum 1: 87.

Additional references

Andrade, M.J.G. de, Giulietti, A.M., Rapini, A., Queiroz, L.P. de, Conceição, A.de S., Almeida, P.R.M. & Van den Berg, C. 2010. A comprehensive phylogenetic analysis of Eriocaulaceae: Evidence from nuclear (ITS) and plastid (psbA-trnH and trnL-F) DNA sequences. Taxon 59(2): 379–388. DOI: 10.1002/tax.592004 JSTOR Reference page.
Sunil, C. N, Ratheesh Narayanan, M. K., Sivadasan, M., Alfarhan, A.H. & Abdul Jaleel, V. 2014. Eriocaulon vandaanamense sp. nov. (Eriocaulaceae) from Kerala, India. Nordic Journal of Botany, (early view), DOI: 10.1111/njb.00658. Reference page.

Links

Govaerts, R. et al. 2020. Eriocaulon in World Checklist of Selected Plant Families. The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Published on the internet. Accessed: 2020 May 30. Reference page.
International Plant Names Index. 2020. Eriocaulon. Published online. Accessed: May 30 2020.
Govaerts, R. et al. 2020. Eriocaulon in Kew Science Plants of the World online. The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Published on the internet. Accessed: 2020 May 30. Reference page.
Tropicos.org 2020. Eriocaulon. Missouri Botanical Garden. Published on the internet. Accessed: 2020 May 30.

Vernacular names
English: Pipewort

Eriocaulon is a genus of about 400 species commonly known as pipeworts, of monocotyledonous flowering plants in the family Eriocaulaceae. The genus is widely distributed, with the centers of diversity for the group occurring in tropical regions, particularly southern Asia and the Americas. A few species extend to temperate regions, with ca. 10 species in the United States, mostly in the southern states from California to Florida, and only two species in Canada; China has 35 species, also mostly southern. Only one species (E. aquaticum) occurs in Europe, where it is confined to the Atlantic Ocean coasts of Scotland and Ireland;[3] this species also occurs in eastern North America and is thought to be a relatively recent natural colonist in Europe. In the Americas, Eriocaulon is the only genus in its family that occurs north of Florida.[4] They tend to be associated with wet soils, many growing in shallow water, in wetlands, or in wet savannas like flatwoods. In wet soils, their abundance appears to be related to water levels, fire frequency, and competition from other plants such as grasses. Experiments have shown that they are weak competitors compared to many other wetland plant species.[5] Some species can persist as buried seeds during unfavorable conditions.[6] The scientific name is derived from Ancient Greek εριον, erion, meaning 'wool', and καυλός, caulos, meaning 'stalk'.[7]

The species are mostly herbaceous perennial plants, though some are annual plants; they resemble plants in the related families Cyperaceae (sedges) and Juncaceae (rushes), and like them, have rather small, wind-pollinated flowers.
Selected species

Names were sourced from official sources including: the Flora of North America,[8] the Flora of China,[9] currently accepted Australian taxa from the Australian Plant Name Index,[1] etc..

Eriocaulon achiton
Eriocaulon acutibracteatum
Eriocaulon aethiopicum
Eriocaulon albocapitatum
Eriocaulon aloefolium R.J.Davies – Qld, Australia
Eriocaulon alpestre
Eriocaulon angustulum
Eriocaulon anshiense
Eriocaulon apetalum
Eriocaulon aquaticum (Hill) Druce – n. Europe & e. North America
Eriocaulon asteroides
Eriocaulon athertonense G.J.Leach – Qld, Australia
Eriocaulon atrum
Eriocaulon australasicum (F.Muell.) Korn. – SA, NSW, Vic, Australia
Eriocaulon australe R.Br. – Cambodia, China, W Malaysia, Thailand, Vietnam, NT, Qld, NSW, Australia, Pacific Islands
Eriocaulon balakrishnanii
Eriocaulon bamendae
Eriocaulon baramaticum
Eriocaulon barbeyanum
Eriocaulon benthamii
Eriocaulon bifistulosum Van Heurck & Mull.Arg. – Qld, Australia
Eriocaulon bolei
Eriocaulon brevipedunculatum
Eriocaulon breviscapum
Eriocaulon brownianum
Eriocaulon buergerianum
Eriocaulon carpentariae G.J.Leach – NT, Qld, Australia
Eriocaulon carsonii F.Muell. – SA, Qld, NSW, Australia
subsp. carsonii – SA, Qld, NSW, Australia
subsp. euloense R.J.Davies – Qld, Australia
subsp. orientale R.J.Davies – Qld, Australia
Eriocaulon chinorossicum
Eriocaulon cinereum R.Br. – WA, NT, Qld, Australia
Eriocaulon clarksonii G.J.Leach – Qld, Australia
Eriocaulon compressum
Eriocaulon concretum F.Muell. – WA, NT, Qld, Australia
Eriocaulon conicum
Eriocaulon cookei
Eriocaulon cuspidatum
Eriocaulon dalzellii

Eriocaulon decangulare

Eriocaulon decangulare
Eriocaulon decemflorum
Eriocaulon depressum R.Br. ex Sm. – NT, Qld, Australia
Eriocaulon dictyophyllum
Eriocaulon dregei
Eriocaulon duthiei
Eriocaulon echinulatum
Eriocaulon elenorae
Eriocaulon ermeiense
Eriocaulon eurypeplon
Eriocaulon exsertum
Eriocaulon faberi
Eriocaulon fistulosum R.Br. ex Sm. – WA, NT, Qld, Australia
Eriocaulon fluviatile
Eriocaulon fysonii
Eriocaulon giganticum R.J.Davies – Qld, Australia
Eriocaulon glabripetalum
Eriocaulon gregatum
Eriocaulon henryanum

Eriocaulon heterolepis
Eriocaulon madayiparense type specimen

Eriocaulon heterolepis
Eriocaulon hookerianum
Eriocaulon hydrophilum
Eriocaulon inapertum G.J.Leach – WA, NT, Australia
Eriocaulon inyangense
Eriocaulon kanarense
Eriocaulon karaavalense
Eriocaulon karnatakense
Eriocaulon kathmanduense
Eriocaulon koernickianum
Eriocaulon kolhapurense
Eriocaulon konkanense
Eriocaulon koynense
Eriocaulon kunmingense
Eriocaulon lanceolatum
Eriocaulon leianthum
Eriocaulon leptophyllum
Eriocaulon leucomelas
Eriocaulon lineare
Eriocaulon lividum F.Muell. – Australia
Eriocaulon longicuspe
Eriocaulon longifolium
Eriocaulon longipetalum
Eriocaulon luzulifolium
Eriocaulon madayiparense[10]
Eriocaulon maharashtrense
Eriocaulon mangshanense
Eriocaulon margaretae
Eriocaulon mbalensis
Eriocaulon meiklei
Eriocaulon microcephalum
Eriocaulon minimum
Eriocaulon minusculum
Eriocaulon minutum
Eriocaulon miquelianum
Eriocaulon monoscapum F.Muell. – NT, Australia
Eriocaulon nantoense
Eriocaulon nanum R.Br. – Qld, Australia
Eriocaulon nematophyllum G.J.Leach – NT, Qld, Australia
Eriocaulon nepalense
Eriocaulon nigrobracteatum
Eriocaulon obclavatum
Eriocaulon odontospermum G.J.Leach – WA, NT, Qld, Australia
Eriocaulon odoratum
Eriocaulon oryzetorum
Eriocaulon pallidum R.Br. – Qld, Australia
Eriocaulon parkeri
Eriocaulon parviflorum
Eriocaulon parvulum
Eriocaulon parvum
Eriocaulon patericola G.J.Leach – WA, NT, Australia
Eriocaulon pectinatum
Eriocaulon peninsulare
Eriocaulon pusillum Sol. ex R.Br. – WA, NT, Qld, Australia
Eriocaulon pygmaeum Sol. ex Sm. – WA, NT, Qld, Australia
Eriocaulon quinquangulare
Eriocaulon ratnagiricum
Eriocaulon ravenelii
Eriocaulon richardianum
Eriocaulon ritchieanum
Eriocaulon robustius
Eriocaulon robustobrownianum
Eriocaulon robustum
Eriocaulon rockianum
Eriocaulon rouxianum
Eriocaulon sahyadricum
Eriocaulon santapaui

Eriocaulon scariosum

Eriocaulon scariosum Sm. – Qld, NSW, ACT, Vic., Australia
Eriocaulon schimperi
Eriocaulon schlechteri
Eriocaulon schochianum
Eriocaulon schultzii Benth. – NT, Australia
Eriocaulon sclerophyllum
Eriocaulon scullionii G.J.Leach – WA, NT, Australia
Eriocaulon sedgwickii
Eriocaulon selousii
Eriocaulon setaceum L. – Bangladesh, Cambodia, China, India,, Indonesia, Japan, Laos, Myanmar, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Vietnam, WA, NT, Qld, Australia
Eriocaulon sexangulare
Eriocaulon sharmae
Eriocaulon sivarajanii
Eriocaulon sollyanum
Eriocaulon spectabile F.Muell. – WA, NT, Qld, Australia
Eriocaulon staintonii
Eriocaulon stellulatum
Eriocaulon stipantepalum
Eriocaulon taishanense
Eriocaulon talbotii
Eriocaulon texense
Eriocaulon thwaitesii
Eriocaulon tonkinense
Eriocaulon tortuosum F.Muell. – WA, NT, Qld, Australia
Eriocaulon tricornum G.J.Leach – NT, Australia
Eriocaulon trisectoides
Eriocaulon truncatum Buch.-Ham. ex Mart. – Qld, Australia, Asia
Eriocaulon tuberiferum
Eriocaulon vandaanamensis
Eriocaulon viride
Eriocaulon wightianum
Eriocaulon willdenovianum Moldenke – NT, Qld, Australia
Eriocaulon xeranthemum
Eriocaulon zollingerianum Koern. – China, India,, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, New Guinea, Philippines, Thailand, Vietnam, NT, Qld, Australia

Species accepted by the authoritative Australian Plant Census, informally named, described and published awaiting formal publication

Eriocaulon sp. C Kimberley Flora (G.J.Keighery 4610) WA Herbarium – WA, Australia
Eriocaulon sp. E Kimberley Flora (A.S.George 12635) WA Herbarium – WA, Australia
Eriocaulon sp. G Kimberley Flora (K.F.Kenneally 11374E) WA Herbarium – WA, Australia
Eriocaulon sp. Harding Range (M.D.Barrett & R.L.Barrett MDB 1826) WA Herbarium – WA, Australia
Eriocaulon sp. Theda (M.D.Barrett MDB 2063) WA Herbarium – WA, Australia

References

"Eriocaulon%". Australian Plant Name Index (APNI), Integrated Botanical Information System (IBIS) database (listing by % wildcard matching of all taxa relevant to Australia). Centre for Plant Biodiversity Research, Australian Government. Retrieved 20 June 2013.
Kew World Checklist of Selected Plant Families
Sculthorpe, C. D. The Biology of Aquatic Vascular Plants. Edward Arnold. London. 1967. Reprinted 1985. Figure 11.6.
Kaul, Robert (1966), "Eriocaulaceae of continental North America north of Mexico", Sida, 2: 285–332
Wilson, S. D. and P. A. Keddy. 1986. Species competitive ability and position along a natural stress/disturbance gradient. Ecology 67:1236-1242.
Keddy, P. A. and A. A. Reznicek. 1982. The role of seed banks in the persistence of Ontario's coastal plain flora. American Journal of Botany 69:13-22.
Kaul, Robert (2006), "Eriocaulon", in Flora of North America Editorial Committee, eds. 1993+ (ed.), Flora of North America, 22, New York & Oxford: Oxford University Press
"Eriocaulon". Flora of North America. Retrieved 20 June 2013.
"Eriocaulon". Flora of China. Retrieved 20 June 2013.
Eriocaulon madayiparense.