Gloxinia

Classification System: APG IV

Superregnum: Eukaryota
Regnum: Plantae
Cladus: Angiosperms
Cladus: Eudicots
Cladus: Core eudicots
Cladus: Asterids
Cladus: Lamiids
Ordo: Lamiales

Familia: Gesneriaceae
Subfamilia: Gesnerioideae
Tribus: Gesnerieae
Subtribus: Gloxiniinae
Genus: Gloxinia
Species: G. alterniflora – G. erinoides – G. perennis – G. xanthophylla
Name

Gloxinia L'Her., 1789.

Typus: G. maculata L'Hér., nom. illeg. = G. perennis
(L.) Fritsch

Synonyms

Homotypic
Anodiscus Benth.
Escheria Regel, Flora 32: 179, in syn. 1849.
Eucolum Salisb., Prodr. Stirp. 98. 1796.
Fiebrigia Fritsch
Koellikeria Regel
Salisia Regel, Flora 32: 179. 1849, nom. illeg. non Lindl. (1839).

Notes

Gloxinia Regel (1851) = Ligeria Decne.

Distribution
Native distribution areas:

Continental Southern America
Regional: Southern South America
Argentina Northwest
Regional: Western South America
Bolivia, Ecuador, Peru
Regional: Brazil
Brazil North, Brazil Northeast, Brazil Southeast, Brazil West-Central
Regional: Northern South America
Colombia, Venezuela
Regional: Central America
Costa Rica, Nicaragua, Panama
Regional: Caribbean
Trinidad-Tobago
Introduced into:
Cuba, Dominican Republic, French Guiana, Guyana, India, Jamaica, Puerto Rico, Suriname

References: Brummitt, R.K. 2001. TDWG – World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions, 2nd Edition
References
Primary references

L’Héritier de Brutelle, C.L. 1789. Hortus Kewensis; or, a Catalogue of the Plants Cultivated in the Royal Botanic Garden at Kew 2: 331.

Additional references

Clark J.L., Skog L.E., Boggan J.K. & Ginzbarg, S. 2020. Index to names of New World members of the Gesneriaceae (subfamilies Sanangoideae and Gesnerioideae). Rheedea: Official Journal of Indian Association for Angiosperm Taxonomy 30(1): 190-256. DOI: 10.22244/rheedea.2020.30.01.14 PDF Reference page.

Links

Govaerts, R. et al. 2020. Gloxinia in Kew Science Plants of the World online. The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Published on the internet. Accessed: 2020 July 26. Reference page.
Hassler, M. 2020. Gloxinia. World Plants: Synonymic Checklists of the Vascular Plants of the World In: Roskovh, Y., Abucay, L., Orrell, T., Nicolson, D., Bailly, N., Kirk, P., Bourgoin, T., DeWalt, R.E., Decock, W., De Wever, A., Nieukerken, E. van, Zarucchi, J. & Penev, L., eds. 2020. Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life. Published on the internet. Accessed: 2020 July 26. Reference page.
International Plant Names Index. 2020. Gloxinia. Published online. Accessed: July 26 2020.
Tropicos.org 2020. Gloxinia. Missouri Botanical Garden. Published on the internet. Accessed: 2020 July 26.

Vernacular names
беларуская: Глаксінія
suomi: Tulikit
Gaeilge: Glocsainia
русский: Глоксиния
svenska: Violgloxinia
українська: Глоксинія
中文: 大岩桐属

Gloxinia is a genus containing three species of tropical rhizomatous herbs in the flowering plant family Gesneriaceae.[1] The species are primarily found in the Andes of South America, but Gloxinia perennis is also found in Central America and the West Indies, where it has probably escaped from cultivation.

Gloxinia perennis is the original (type) species of the genus, and for much of its history the genus consisted of only G. perennis and a very small number of other species. The classification of Gloxinia later changed reflect the 1976 classification of Hans Wiehler, who took a broader view of the genus.[2] A recent analysis of Gloxinia and related genera based on molecular and morphological work has determined that Wiehler's circumscription of the genus was unnatural, both phylogenetically and morphologically.[3] The analyses demonstrated that the genera Anodiscus and Koellikeria, each with a single species, were more closely related to Gloxinia perennis than were any of the other species included in Gloxinia by Wiehler, several of which proved to be more closely related to other genera (particularly Diastema, Monopyle, and Phinaea). As a result of this work, most former Gloxinia species have been transferred to other genera while Koellikeria erinoides and Anodiscus xanthophyllus have been transferred into a much more narrowly defined Gloxinia consisting of only three species, all of them characterized by having a raceme-like flowering stem.

Former Gloxinia species have been transferred to a large number of other genera, including the existing genera Monopyle and Sinningia, the resurrected genera Mandirola and Seemannia, and the new genera Gloxinella, Gloxiniopsis, Nomopyle, and Sphaerorrhiza.

Gloxinia perennis forms fertile hybrids with species of Seemannia, which was the primary reason for uniting the two genera in the past.

Sinningia speciosa, a popular houseplant, was originally described and introduced in cultivation as Gloxinia speciosa and is still sometimes referred to as "gloxinia" or "florist's gloxinia", although this name is now inaccurate and technically incorrect.[4]
Species

Image	Scientific name	Description	Distribution
	Gloxinia perennis	The plant is a herb with large nodding, purple, mint-scented flowers. It is sometimes known as "Canterbury bells" (not to be confused with members of the genus Campanula, which go by the same name). It is cultivated in tropical regions and its original range is unknown.	Wide range in Central and South America
	Gloxinia erinoides (formerly Koellikeria erinoides)	The plant is a small herb with tiny white and maroon flowers. This diminutive plant is notable for having tiny but distinctly coconut-scented flowers and is occasionally cultivated as a houseplant.	From Costa Rica to Bolivia
	Gloxinia xanthophylla (formerly Anodiscus xanthophyllus)	The plant is a shrubby herb with small white flowers and is rarely encountered in cultivation. Unlike the other two species, it lacks scaly rhizomes.	Ecuador and Peru

Selected excluded species

Flowers of Mandirola multiflora

Gloxinia burchellii = Sphaerorrhiza burchellii
Gloxinia dodsonii = Nomopyle dodsonii
Gloxinia gymnostoma = Seemannia gymnostoma
Gloxinia hirsuta = Sinningia hirsuta
Gloxinia ichthyostoma = Mandirola ichthyostoma
Gloxinia lindeniana = Gloxinella lindeniana
Gloxinia nematanthodes = Seemannia nematanthodes
Gloxinia planalta = Mandirola multiflora
Gloxinia purpurascens = Seemannia purpurascens
Gloxinia racemosa = Gloxiniopsis racemosa
Gloxinia reflexa = Monopyle reflexa
Gloxinia rupestris = Mandirola rupestris
Gloxinia sarmentiana = Sphaerorrhiza sarmentiana
Gloxinia speciosa = Sinningia speciosa
Gloxinia sylvatica = Seemannia sylvatica

References and external links

Roalson, E.H., J.K. Boggan, L.E., Skog, & E.A. Zimmer. 2005. Untangling the Gloxinieae (Gesneriaceae). I. Phylogenetic patterns and generic boundaries inferred from nuclear, chloroplast, and morphological cladistic data sets. Taxon 54 (2): 389-410.
Roalson, E.H., J.K. Boggan & L.E. Skog. 2005. Reorganization of tribal and generic boundaries in the Gloxinieae (Gesneriaceae: Gesnerioideae) and the description of a new tribe in the Gesnerioideae, Sphaerorrhizeae. Selbyana 25 (2): 225-238.
Wiehler, H. 1976. A report on the classification of Achimenes, Eucodonia, Gloxinia, and Anetanthus (Gesneriaceae). Selbyana 1 (4): 374-404.

Specific

"Pacific Bulb Society | Gloxinia". www.pacificbulbsociety.org. Retrieved 2020-10-22.
"View of A REPORT ON THE CLASSIFICATION OF ACHIMENES, EUCODONIA, GLOXINIA, GOYAZIA, AND ANETANTHUS (GESNERIACEAE) | Selbyana". journals.flvc.org. Retrieved 2020-10-22.
"Gloxinia". www.genera-gesneriaceae.at. Retrieved 2020-10-22.
"Sinningia speciosa – History in Horticulture | Gesneriad Reference Web". Retrieved 2020-10-22.