Hardenbergia violacea

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Classification System: APG IV

Superregnum: Eukaryota
Regnum: Plantae
Cladus: Angiosperms
Cladus: Eudicots
Cladus: Core eudicots
Cladus: Rosids
Cladus: Eurosids I
Ordo: Fabales

Familia: Fabaceae
Subfamilia: Faboideae
Tribus: Phaseoleae
Subtribus: Kennediinae
Genus: Hardenbergia
Species: Hardenbergia violacea
Name

Hardenbergia violacea (Schneev.) Stearn (1940)
Synonyms

Caulinia bimaculata (Curtis) Kuntze
Caulinia monophylla (Vent.) F.Muell.
Caulinia monophylla var. trifoliolata F.Muell.
Glycine bimaculata Moench
Glycine bimaculata Curtis
Glycine violacea Schneev.
Glycine virens Sol. ex Steud.
Hardenbergia alba R.T.Baker
Hardenbergia bimaculata (Curtis) Domin
Hardenbergia bimaculata var. cordata (Lindl.) Domin
Hardenbergia bimaculata var. longiracemosa (Lindl.) Domin
Hardenbergia bimaculata var. ovata (Sims) Domin
Hardenbergia bimaculata var. trifoliata (F.Muell.) Domin
Hardenbergia bimaculata var. typica Domin
Hardenbergia cordata (Lindl.) Benth.
Hardenbergia monophylla (Vent.) Benth.
Hardenbergia monophylla var. alba (R.T.Baker) Guilf.
Hardenbergia monophylla var. dennisae Guilf.
Hardenbergia monophylla var. fruticosa Guilf.
Hardenbergia monophylla var. longiracemosa (Lindl.) F.M.Bailey
Hardenbergia monophylla f. longiracemosa (Lindl.) Siebert & Voss
Hardenbergia monophylla var. ovata F.M.Bailey
Hardenbergia monophylla f. rosea Siebert & Voss
Hardenbergia monophylla var. rosea Schenk & Rauch
Hardenbergia monophylla var. stjohnii Guilf.
Hardenbergia ovata (Sims) Benth.
Hardenbergia ovata var. rosea Van Houtte
Hardenbergia violacea f. alba Stearn
Hardenbergia violacea f. rosea Stearn
Kennedia cordata Lindl.
Kennedia latifolia Lindl. ex Steud.
Kennedia longiracemosa (Lindl.) G.Lodd.
Kennedia monophylla Vent.
Kennedia monophylla var. alba (R.T.Baker) Maiden & Betche
Kennedia monophylla var. bimaculata (Curtis) Heynh.
Kennedia monophylla var. longiracemosa Lindl.
Kennedia ovata Sims

Notes

Siebert & Voss (1896) refer their name H. monophylla f. longiracemosa to H. longiracemosa Lindl., which probably is an error for Kennedia monophylla var. longiracemosa Lindl.
Distribution
Native distribution areas:

Continental: Australasia
Regional: Australia
New South Wales, Queensland, South Australia, Tasmania, Victoria

References: Brummitt, R.K. 2001. TDWG – World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions, 2nd Edition
References
Primary references

Stearn, W.T. 1940. Bibliographical Notes. Schneevoogt and Schwegman's Icones Plantarum Rariorum. Journal of Botany, British and Foreign 78: 70, adnot.

Additional references

Lepschi, B. & Monro, A. (Project Coordinators) (2014). Australian Plant Census (APC) Council of Heads of Australian Herbaria. http://www.anbg.gov.au/chah/apc/index.html.

Links

Govaerts, R. et al. 2021. Hardenbergia violacea in Kew Science Plants of the World online. The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Published online. Accessed: 2021 May 17. Reference page.
International Plant Names Index. 2021. Hardenbergia violacea. Published online. Accessed: May 17 2021.
Tropicos.org 2021. Hardenbergia violacea. Missouri Botanical Garden. Published online. Accessed: 17 May 2021.
Hassler, M. 2021. Hardenbergia violacea. World Plants: Synonymic Checklists of the Vascular Plants of the World In: Roskovh, Y., Abucay, L., Orrell, T., Nicolson, D., Bailly, N., Kirk, P., Bourgoin, T., DeWalt, R.E., Decock, W., De Wever, A., Nieukerken, E. van, Zarucchi, J. & Penev, L., eds. 2021. Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life. Published online. Accessed: 2021 May 17. Reference page.
Hassler, M. 2021. World Plants. Synonymic Checklist and Distribution of the World Flora. . Hardenbergia violacea. Accessed: 17 May 2021.
USDA, ARS, Germplasm Resources Information Network. Hardenbergia violacea in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), U.S. Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service. Accessed: 07-Oct-06.
Australian Plant Name Index (APNI) Hardenbergia violacea Integrated Botanical Information System (IBIS). Australian National Botanic Gardens & Australian National Herbarium. Accessed: 2012 Feb 10.

Vernacular names
English: False Sarsaparilla, Purple Coral Pea

Hardenbergia violacea is a species of flowering plant in the family Fabaceae and is endemic to Australia. It is known in Australia by the common names false sarsaparilla, purple coral pea and waraburra.[2] Elsewhere it is also called purple twining-pea, vine-lilac and wild sarsaparilla.[3] It is a prostrate or climbing subshrub with egg-shaped to narrow lance-shaped leaves and racemes of mostly purple flowers.
Illustration by Edward Minchen in Joseph Maiden's The Flowering Plants and Ferns of New South Wales, as Hardenbergia monophylla[4]
Blossom detail

Description

Hardenbergia violacea is a prostrate or climbing sub-shrub with wiry stems up to 2 m (6 ft 7 in) or more long. The leaves are egg-shaped to lance-shaped, 30–100 mm (1.2–3.9 in) long and 10–50 mm (0.39–1.97 in) wide on a petiole about 10 mm (0.39 in) long. The leaves are leathery, glabrous and paler on the lower surface. The flowers are arranged in racemes of between twenty and forty flowers, each on a pedicel mostly 2–4 mm (0.079–0.157 in) long. The sepals are 3–4 mm (0.12–0.16 in) long and joined at the base, forming a bell-shaped tube with triangular teeth. The petals are about 8 mm (0.31 in) long, mostly purple, the standard petal with a yellowish spot and a notch on the summit, the wings are egg-shaped with the narrower end towards the base and the keel is curved. Flowering mostly occurs from August to November and the fruit is a pod 20–45 mm (0.79–1.77 in) long containing between six and eight kidney-shaped seeds. The flowers are usually purple or violet, but pink, white and other colours sometimes occur.[2][5][6][7][8][9]

H. violacea regrows from its roots after fire.[10] The roots were experimented with by early European settlers as a substitute for sarsaparilla.[10]
Taxonomy

False sarsaparilla was first formally described in 1793 by George Voorhelm Schneevoogt who gave it the name Glycine violacea in his book, Icones Plantarum Rariorum.[11][12] In 1940, William T. Stearn changed the name to Hardenbergia violacea.[13]
Distribution and habitat

Hardenbergia violacea grows in a variety of habitats but is more common in open forests, woodlands and undisturbed areas, from sea level to about 1,000 m (3,300 ft) above sea level. It occurs in eastern Queensland, eastern New South Wales, south-eastern Victoria and southern South Australia. There is a single population in Tasmania, where the species is listed as "endangered" under the Tasmanian Government Threatened Species Protection Act 1995.[2][5][6][7]
Use in horticulture

Hardenbergia violacea is widely grown as a garden plant, with many cultivars now available.[8] It is hardy in mild and coastal areas of the United Kingdom where temperatures do not fall below −5 °C (23 °F), but it does require a sheltered, south or west facing situation. Alternatively it may be grown indoors with full daylight, for instance in an unheated conservatory or greenhouse. It has been given the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit.[14][15]

The seeds of H. violacea remain viable for many years and propagation is from seeds that have been treated by adding boiling water to them or by abrading the seed coat. Plants prefer full sun in well-drained soil, are moderately frost-tolerant and respond well to pruning.[8][16]
References

"Hardenbergia violacea". Australian Plant Census. Retrieved 18 September 2021.
C. Gardner. "New South Wales Flora Online: Hardenbergia violacea". Royal Botanic Gardens & Domain Trust, Sydney, Australia.
"Hardenbergia violacea". Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN). Agricultural Research Service (ARS), United States Department of Agriculture (USDA). Retrieved 12 January 2018.
Maiden, Joseph (1896). The Flowering Plants and Ferns of New South Wales. Sydney: NSW Government Printing Office. p. 54. Retrieved 18 September 2021.
Jeanes, Jeff A. "Hardenbergia violacea". Royal Botanic Gardens Victoria. Retrieved 18 September 2021.
"Hardenbergia violacea". State Herbarium of South Australia. Retrieved 18 September 2021.
"Hardenbergia violacea" (PDF). Tasmanian Government Department of Primary Industries, Parks, Water and Environment. Retrieved 18 September 2021.
"Australian Native Plants Society (Australia) (ANPSA): Hardenbergia violacea". Retrieved 18 September 2021.
Wood, Betty. "Hardenbergia violacea". Lucid Keys. Retrieved 18 September 2021.
False (or Native) Sarsaparilla Archived 2016-03-04 at the Wayback Machine, Paddock Plants, NSW Department of Primary Industries (2010).
"Glycine violacea". APNI. Retrieved 18 September 2021.
Schneevoogt, George V. (1793). Icones Plantarum Rariorum. p. 29. Retrieved 18 September 2021.
"Hardenbergia violacea". APNI. Retrieved 18 September 2021.
"RHS Plant Selector - Hardenbergia violacea". Retrieved 23 February 2020.
"AGM Plants - Ornamental" (PDF). Royal Horticultural Society. July 2017. p. 43. Retrieved 3 March 2018.

"Hardenbergia". Australian Broadcasting Corporation. 24 September 2005. Retrieved 18 September 2021.

External links

Australian Cultivar Registration Authority - Hardenbergia violacea 'Happy Wanderer'