Hymenocallis littoralis

Classification System: APG IV

Superregnum: Eukaryota
Regnum: Plantae
Cladus: Angiosperms
Cladus: Monocots
Ordo: Asparagales

Familia: Amaryllidaceae
Subfamilia: Amaryllidoideae
Tribus: Hymenocallideae
Genus: Hymenocallis
Species: Hymenocallis littoralis
Name

Hymenocallis littoralis (Jacq.) Salisb., Trans. Hort. Soc. London 1: 338. 1812.
Synonyms

Homotypic
Pancratium littorale Jacq., Select. Stirp. Amer. Hist.: 99. 1763.

Homotypic
Troxistemon littorale (Jacq.) Raf., Fl. Tellur. 4: 23. 1838.

Heterotypic
Hymenocallis adnata Herb., Amaryllidaceae: 215. 1837.
Hymenocallis adnata var. disticha (Sims) Herb., Amaryllidaceae: 215. 1837.
Hymenocallis adnata var. driandrina Herb., Amaryllidaceae: 215. 1837.
Hymenocallis adnata var. dryanderi (Ker Gawl.) Kunth, Enum. Pl. 5: 677. 1850.
Hymenocallis adnata var. staplesiana Herb., Amaryllidaceae: 215. 1837.
Hymenocallis americana (Mill.) M.Roem., Fam. Nat. Syn. Monogr. 4: 176. 1847 [[1]].
Hymenocallis americana f. disticha (Sims) Voss, Vilm. Blumengärtn. ed. 3, 1: 1021. 1895.
Hymenocallis americana f. dryanderi (Ker Gawl.) Voss, Vilm. Blumengärtn. ed. 3, 1: 1021. 1895.
Hymenocallis americana f. staplesiana (Herb.) Voss, Vilm. Blumengärtn. ed. 3, 1: 1021. 1895.
Hymenocallis arenaria M.Roem., Fam. Nat. Syn. Monogr. 4: 176. 1847 [[2]].
Hymenocallis biflora K.Koch & C.D.Bouché, Wochenschr. Vereines Beförd. Gartenbaues Königl. Preuss. Staaten 9: 370. 1866.
Hymenocallis disticha (Sims) Herb., Appendix: 44. 1821.
Hymenocallis dryanderi (Ker Gawl.) M.Roem., Fam. Nat. Syn. Monogr. 4: 175. 1847 [3].
Hymenocallis insignis Kunth, Enum. Pl. 5: 675. 1850.
Hymenocallis littoralis var. disticha (Sims) Herb. ex Sims & William Curtis|Curtis, Bot. Mag. 53: t. 2621. 1826.
Hymenocallis littoralis var. dryanderi (Ker Gawl.) Herb. ex Sims, Bot. Mag. 53: t. 2621. 1826.
Hymenocallis littoralis var. longituba Herb., Bot. Mag. 53: t. 2621. 1826.
Hymenocallis niederleinii Pax, Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 11: 326. 1890.
Hymenocallis panamensis Lindl., Edwards's Bot. Reg. 27(Misc.): 67. 1841.
Hymenocallis pedalis Herb., Appendix: 44. 1821.
Hymenocallis peruviana M.Roem., Fam. Nat. Syn. Monogr. 4: 176. 1847 [4].
Hymenocallis senegambica Kunth & C.D.Bouché, Index Seminum (B) 1848: 12. 1848.
Hymenocallis staplesiana (Herb.) M.Roem., Fam. Nat. Syn. Monogr. 4: 175. 1847 [5].
Hymenocallis staplesii Sweet, Hort. Brit., ed. 2: 513. 1830.
Hymenocallis tenuiflora Herb., Appendix: 44. 1821.
Pancratium americanum Mill., Gard. Dict. ed. 8: 7. 1768.
Pancratium distichum Sims, Bot. Mag. 44: t. 1879. 1817 [6].
Pancratium dryanderi Ker Gawl., J. Sci. Arts (London) 3: 326. 1817.
Pancratium littorale var. dryanderi (Ker Gawl.) Schult. & Schult.f., Syst. Veg. 7: 919. 1830.
Pancratium mexicanum Lindl., Bot. Reg. 11: t. 940. 1825 [7], nom. illeg. non L. (1753).
Pancratium pedale (Herb.) Schult. & Schult.f. in Roem. & Schult., Syst. Veg. 7: 916. 1830.
Pancratium staplesii (Sweet) Steud., Nomencl. Bot., ed. 2, 2: 251. 1841.
Pancratium tenuiflorum (Herb.) Herb. ex Steud., Nomencl. Bot., ed. 2, 2: 251. 1841.
Troxistemon distichus (Sims) Raf., Fl. Tellur. 4: 123. 1838.
Troxistemon dryanderi (Ker Gawl.) Raf., Fl. Tellur. 4: 123. 1838.

Distribution
Native distribution areas:
References

Salisbury, R.A. (1812) Trans. Hort. Soc. London 1: 338.

Links

Govaerts, R. et al. 2018. Hymenocallis littoralis in World Checklist of Selected Plant Families. The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Published online. Accessed: 2018 Aug. 02. Reference page.
International Plant Names Index. 2018. Hymenocallis littoralis. Published online. Accessed: Aug. 02 2018.
The Plant List 2013. Hymenocallis littoralis in The Plant List Version 1.1. Published online. Accessed: 2018 Aug. 02.
Tropicos.org 2018. Hymenocallis littoralis. Missouri Botanical Garden. Published online. Accessed: 02 Aug. 2018.
USDA, ARS, Germplasm Resources Information Network. Hymenocallis littoralis in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), U.S. Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service. Accessed: 07-Oct-06.

Vernacular names
svenska: Strandspindellilja

Hymenocallis littoralis or the beach spider lily is a plant species of the genus Hymenocallis, native to warmer coastal regions of Latin America and widely cultivated and naturalized in many tropical countries.[2]

Description

Hymenocallis littoralis is a bulbous perennial herb. It ranges in height from 60–70 cm (24-28 inches). The bulb is 7–10 cm (3-4 inches) in diameter. With age, the bulb develops a neck that reaches 4–5 cm in diameter (up to 2 inches). The flowers are large, white, vanilla scented, and sessile. The tepals are adnate (attached to) the staminal cup. Each flower's tube is 14 to 17 cm (5 to 7 inches) long or longer.[3]
Distribution

Hymenocallis littoralis is regarded as native to Belize, Brazil, Colombia, Costa Rica, Honduras, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, Peru and Venezuela. It is considered naturalized in Angola, the Bismarck Archipelago, Cape Verde, the Caroline Islands, the Central African Republic, the Chagos Archipelago, Ecuador, Equatorial Guinea, Fiji, French Guiana, The Gambia, the Gilbert Islands, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, the Gulf of Guinea Islands, Hawaii, India, Java, the Line Islands, Marianas, Marquesas, the Marshall Islands, Mauritius, Nauru, Niue, Ogasawara-shoto, the Philippines, Samoa, the Seychelles, the Society Islands, Sri Lanka, Suriname, Tonga, Wake Island, Zaire and Zambia.[4]
Horticulture

Hymenocallis littoralis is often grown as an ornamental. It requires sunlight to partial shade for proper growth and blooms from mid-summer to late autumn with white flowers. It may be grown aquatically.[5]

Hymenocallis littoralis is included in the Tasmanian Fire Service's list of low flammability plants, indicating that it is suitable for growing within a building protection zone.[6]
Etymology

Hymenocallis is derived from Greek and means 'membraned beauty', a reference to its filament cup.[7]

Littoralis means 'growing by the seashore'.[7]
References

"Tropicos Hymenocallis littoralis". Archived from the original on 2016-03-03. Retrieved 2014-01-27.
"PLANTS Profile for Hymenocallis littoralis (beach spiderlily)", United States Department of Agriculture, 2009 USDA-HL8.
"The Amaryllis Family: Genus Hymenocallis", James E. Shields, October 2006, SGardens-Hymenocallis2
Kew World Checklist of Selected Plant Families, Hymenocallis littoralis
Garden Bulbs for the South, Scott Ogden, 2007, page 226 ISBN 0-88192-813-5
Chladil and Sheridan, Mark and Jennifer. "Fire retardant garden plants for the urban fringe and rural areas" (PDF). www.fire.tas.gov.au. Tasmanian Fire Research Fund.
Gledhill, David (2008). "The Names of Plants". Cambridge University Press. ISBN 9780521866453 (hardback), ISBN 9780521685535 (paperback). pp 207, 240