Ismene amancaes

Classification System: APG IV

Superregnum: Eukaryota
Regnum: Plantae
Cladus: Angiosperms
Cladus: Monocots
Ordo: Asparagales

Familia: Amaryllidaceae
Subfamilia: Amaryllidoideae
Tribus: Hymenocallideae
Genus: Ismene
Subgenus: I. subg. Ismene
Species: Ismene amancaes
Name

Ismene amancaes (Ruiz et Pav.) Herb., 1821.
Synonyms

Basionym
Narcissus amancaes Ruiz et Pav., Fl. Peruv. 3: 53. 1802.

Homotypic

Hymenocallis amancaes (Ruiz et Pav.) G.Nicholson, Ill. Dict. Gard. 2: 165. 1885.
Pancratium amancaes (Ruiz et Pav.) Ker Gawl., Bot. Mag. 30: t. 1224. 1809.

Heterotypic

Hymenocallis amancaes subsp. herbertiana Traub, Pl. Life 24: 49. 1968.
Ismene crinifolia Salisb., Trans. Hort. Soc. London 1: 342. 1812.
Ismene integra M.Roem., Fam. Nat. Syn. Monogr. 4: 186. 1847.

Distribution
Native distribution areas:

Continental: Southern America
Regional: Western South America
Peru

References: Brummitt, R.K. 2001. TDWG – World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions, 2nd Edition
References

Herbert, W. 1821. Appendix 46.

Links

Govaerts, R. et al. 2018. Ismene amancaes in World Checklist of Selected Plant Families. The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Published online. Accessed: 2018 Aug. 02. Reference page.
International Plant Names Index. 2018. Ismene amancaes. Published online. Accessed: Aug. 02 2018.
The Plant List 2013. Ismene amancaes in The Plant List Version 1.1. Published online. Accessed: 2018 Aug. 02.
Tropicos.org 2018. Ismene amancaes. Missouri Botanical Garden. Published online. Accessed: 02 Aug. 2018.
USDA, ARS, Germplasm Resources Information Network. Ismene amancaes in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), U.S. Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service. Accessed: 07-Oct-06.

Vernacular names
español: Amancay

Ismene amancaes, commonly called amancae or amancay,[1][2] is a herbaceous plant species in the family Amaryllidaceae and native to the coastal hills of Peru.

Description

I. amancaes is a species with spherical bulbs 3.5–5 cm in diameter.[3][4] The leaves are strap-shaped, 25–50 cm long and 2.5–5 cm wide, bright green.[3][4] The 2–6 yellow pedicellate flowers are borne at the end of a scape up to 33 cm long.[3] The floral tube is greenish yellow, 5–7.5 cm long, bearing at the end the tepals, which are linear to narrowly lanceolate, 6–7.5 cm long, with green tips.[3][5] The floral corona is funnel-shaped, yellow with green stripes, 5–6 cm long, 6–8.5 cm wide, bearing the stamens facing inwards.[3][5][4]
Distribution and habitat
Flowers and part of a leaf.

Endemic to Peru, Ismene amancaes inhabits coastal hills up to 1500 m of elevation, especially near the city of Lima, as part of the lomas ecosystem.[5][6][4][7]
Chemical compounds

It is reported that I. amancaes contains the alkaloid substances galantamine[8] and narcissidine.[9]
History

Remains of I. amancaes have been found in archaeological sites near the city of Lima.[10]

The flowering of this species was the subject of a festival ("Festival de Amancaise") celebrated in June in Lima, until the first half of the 1800s.[11] In a place among the hills surrounding Lima, people from the city gathered annually to celebrate the flowering of the plant in a festival with music and dance, similar to May Day.[11] The festival attracted people from all classes of the society then, while a common sight was people sporting the flowers in their garments.[11]
Conservation

I. amancaes is considered an endangered species by the IUCN since 1997.[12]
References

Suni, Mery; Pascual, Edisson; Jara, Enoc (2011). "Desarrollo reproductivo del "amancay" Ismene amancaes (Amaryllidaceae) en su ambiente natural". Revista Peruana de Biología (in Spanish). 18 (3): 293–297.
Soto, Marilú; Leiva, Milagros (2015). "Estudio exomorfológico y fitoquímico de los bulbos de dos especies endémicas del Perú de la familia Amaryllidaceae". Arnaldoa (in Spanish). 22 (1): 269–288.
Cullen, James; Knees, Sabina G.; Cubey, H. Suzanne; Shaw, J. M. H. (2011). The European Garden Flora Flowering Plants: A Manual for the Identification of Plants Cultivated in Europe, Both Out-of-Doors and Under Glass. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 9780521761475.
Weathers, John (1911). The Bulb Book. Applewood Books. p. 284. ISBN 9781429013772.
Francis, Macbride, J. (1936). "Flora of Peru /". Fieldiana. v.13:pt.1:no.3: 671.
Goodall, David W. (2014). Evolution of Desert Biota. University of Texas Press. p. 17. ISBN 9780292740990.
Paxton, Sir Joseph (1837). Paxton's Magazine of Botany, and Register of Flowering Plants. Orr and Smith. p. 267.
Willaman, John James; Schubert, Bernice (1961). Alkaloid-bearing Plants and Their Contained Alkaloids. U.S. Department of Agriculture. p. 15.
Glasby, John (2012). Encyclopedia of the Alkaloids: Volume 2 (I-Z). Springer Science & Business Media. p. 988. ISBN 9781461587293.
Browman, David L. (1978). Advances in Andean Archaeology. Walter de Gruyter. pp. 110, 115. ISBN 9783110810011.
Stewart, Charles Samuel (1831). A Visit to the South Seas, in the U.S. Ship Vincennes: During the Years 1829 and 1830; with Scenes in Brazil, Peru, Manila, the Cape of Good Hope, and St. Helena. J.P. Haven. pp. 168–173.
IUCN Red List of Threatened Plants. International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources. 1997. p. 618.