Lilium bulbiferum

Classification System: APG IV

Superregnum: Eukaryota
Regnum: Plantae
Cladus: Angiosperms
Cladus: Monocots
Ordo: Liliales

Familia: Liliaceae
Subfamilia: Lilioideae
Genus: Lilium
Sectio: L. sect. Sinomartagon
Species: Lilium bulbiferum
Name

Lilium bulbiferum L., 1753
Synonyms

Heterotypic
Lilium atrosanguineum H.Vilm., Fl. Pleine Terre, ed. 3: 629. 1870.
Lilium aurantiacum Weston, Bot. Univ. 3: 453. 1772.
Lilium biligulatum Baker, J. Roy. Hort. Soc., n.s., 4: 43. 1877.
Lilium bulbiferum DC., Fl. Franç., éd. 3, 3: 202. 1805, nom. illeg.
Lilium bulbiferum proles croceum (Chaix) Rouy, Fl. Fr., 12: 407. 1910.
Lilium bulbiferum subsp. croceum (Chaix) Nyman, Consp. Fl. Eur.: 720. 1882.
Lilium bulbiferum var. aurantiacum Regel, Trudy Imp. S.-Peterburgsk. Bot. Sada 2: 324. 1873.
Lilium bulbiferum var. chaixii (Elwes) Stoker, Lily Year-Book 8: 26. 1939.
Lilium bulbiferum var. croceum (Chaix) Pers., Syn. Pl. 1: 358. 1805.
Lilium bulbiferum var. giganteum N.Terracc., Atti Real Ist. Incoragg. Sci. Nat. Napoli 6: 3. 1906.
Lilium croceum Chaix in D.Villars, Hist. Pl. Dauphiné 1: 322. 1786.
Lilium croceum var. bulbiferum (L.) P.Fourn. comb. illeg.
Lilium croceum var. chaixii Elwes, Monogr. Lilium: t. 22. 1877.
Lilium elatum Salisb., Prodr. Stirp. Chap. Allerton: 237. 1796.
Lilium fulgens Baxter in J.C.Loudon, Hort. Brit., Suppl. 2: 645. 1839.
Lilium fulgens E.Morren ex Spae, Mém. Couronnés Mém. Savants Étrangers Acad. Roy. Sci. Bruxelles (4to) 19(5): 19. 1847.
Lilium haematochroum Lem., Ill. Hort. 14: t. 503. 1867.
Lilium humile Mill., Gard. Dict. ed. 8: 3. 1768.
Lilium lateritium Baker, J. Roy. Hort. Soc., n.s., 4: 43. 1877.
Lilium latifolium Link, Enum. Hort. Berol. Alt. 1: 321. 1821.
Lilium luteum Gaterau, Descr. Pl. Montauban: 73. 1789, nom. illeg.
Lilium pictum Baker, J. Roy. Hort. Soc., n.s., 4: 43. 1877.
Lilium pubescens Bernh. ex Hornem., Hort. Bot. Hafn. 2: 962. 1815.
Lilium sanguineum Lindl., Edwards's Bot. Reg. 32: t. 50. 1846.
Lilium scabrum Moench, Methodus: 305. 1794, nom. illeg.
Lilium sibiricum Willd., Enum. Pl., Suppl.: 17. 1814.

Hybrids

Lilium × hollandicum Bergmans

Distribution
Native distribution areas:

Continental: Europe
Regional: Central Europe
Austria, Czechoslovakia, Germany, Hungary, Poland, Switzerland
Regional: Southwestern Europe
Corse, France, Spain
Regional: Southeastern Europe
Italy, Romania, Yugoslavia
Introduced into:
Baltic States, Bulgaria, Netherlands, Norway, Sweden, Ukraine, Utah

References: Brummitt, R.K. 2001. TDWG – World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions, 2nd Edition
References
Primary references

Linnaeus, C. 1753. Species Plantarum. Tomus I: 302. Reference page. :

Additional references

Govaerts, R. (2006). World Checklist of Monocotyledons. The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens. 2009 July 27 [1]
Flore Electronique. Tela Botanica (2000-2009). Le réseau des Botanistes Francophones. 2009 Jul 26 [2].

Links

Govaerts, R. et al. 2022. Lilium bulbiferum in World Checklist of Selected Plant Families. The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Published online. Accessed: 2022 July 29. Reference page.
Hassler, M. 2022. Lilium bulbiferum. World Plants: Synonymic Checklists of the Vascular Plants of the World In: Roskovh, Y., Abucay, L., Orrell, T., Nicolson, D., Bailly, N., Kirk, P., Bourgoin, T., DeWalt, R.E., Decock, W., De Wever, A., Nieukerken, E. van, Zarucchi, J. & Penev, L., eds. 2022. Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life. Published online. Accessed: 2022 July 29. Reference page.
Tropicos.org 2022. Lilium bulbiferum. Missouri Botanical Garden. Published online. Accessed: 29 July 2022.
International Plant Names Index. 2022. Lilium bulbiferum. Published online. Accessed: July 29 2022.

Vernacular names
Deutsch: Feuer-Lilie
English: Orange lily
suomi: Ruskolilja
magyar: Tüzes liliom, tűzliliom
norsk nynorsk: Brannlilje
norsk: Brannlilje
polski: Lilia bulwkowata
русский: Лилия луковиценосная
српски / srpski: Златоглав/Zlatoglav

Lilium bulbiferum, common names orange lily,[2] fire lily, Jimmy's Bane and tiger lily, is a herbaceous European lily with underground bulbs, belonging to the Liliaceae.[1][3]

The Latin name bulbiferum of this species, meaning "bearing bulbs", refers to the secondary bulbs on the stem of the nominal subspecies.

Description

Lilium bulbiferum reaches on average 20–90 centimetres (7.9–35.4 in) of height, with a maximum of 120 centimetres (47 in). The bulbs are ovoid, with whitish large and pointed scales and can reach about 1.5 centimetres (0.59 in) of diameter. The stem is erect, the leaves are lanceolate, up to 10 centimeters long. The inflorescence has one to five short-haired flowers. They are hermaphroditic and scentless, have six upright tepals, the outer are slightly narrower than the inner ones. The flowers can reach 4–6 centimeters in length and are bright yellow-orange with reddish-brown dots. The stamens are erect, about half as long as the tepals, with red anthers. The style is orange, 35 millimetres (1.4 in) of height. The flowering period extends from May through July.[4]

There are two varieties, L. b. var. croceum (Chaix) Baker in the western part of the range, and L. b. var. bulbiferum in its eastern part. Only the last one always produces secondary aerial bulbs (bulbils) in the axils of the upper leaves. These bulbils fall to the ground and mature after two to three years. When manually separated from the stem they can easily used for propagating the plant.

The dwarf plants from the Maritime Alps, formerly described as var. chaixii (Elwes) Stoker, and the large plants from the region of Naples, formerly described as var. giganteum N. Terracc., are now considered as local variants of var. croceum.
Distribution and habitat

L. bulbiferum is widely distributed in much of Europe from Spain to Finland and Ukraine.[3] It grows in mountain meadows and on hillsides. They prefer calcareous soils in warm, sunny places, but also grow on slightly acid soils. They can be found at an altitude of 500–1,900 metres (1,600–6,200 ft) above sea level.
In culture

The orange lily has long been recognised as a symbol of the Orange Order in Northern Ireland.[5]
Toxicity
Cats

Cats are extremely sensitive to lily toxicity and ingestion is often fatal;[6][7][8] households and gardens which are visited by cats are strongly advised against keeping this plant or placing dried flowers where a cat may brush against them and become dusted with pollen which they then consume while cleaning. Suspected cases require urgent veterinary attention.[9] Rapid treatment with activated charcoal or induced vomiting can reduce the amount of toxin absorbed (this is time-sensitive so in some cases veterinarians may advise doing it at home), and large amounts of fluid by IV can reduce damage to kidneys to increase the chances of survival.[9]
References

"World Checklist of Selected Plant Families: Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew". Retrieved 17 September 2016.
USDA, NRCS (n.d.). "Lilium bulbiferum". The PLANTS Database (plants.usda.gov). Greensboro, North Carolina: National Plant Data Team. Retrieved 25 January 2016.
Altervista Flora Italiana, Giglio rosso, Orange Lily, Lilium bulbiferum L. includes many photos plus European distribution map
Pignatti S. - Flora d'Italia - Edagricole – 1982 Vol. III. pa. 362
8pm, Reinventing the Orange Order: A. superhero for the 21st century « Design Research Group 12 12 07 / (27 June 2007). "A kinder gentler image? Modernism, Tradition and the new Orange Order logo". Retrieved 17 September 2016.
Frequently Asked Questions No Lilies For Cats.
Fitzgerald, KT (2010). "Lily toxicity in the cat". Top Companion Anim Med. 25 (4): 213–7. doi:10.1053/j.tcam.2010.09.006. PMID 21147474.
Tiger Lilly Pet Poison Helpline.
Lily Poisoning in Cats. Pet MD.