Lilium grayi

Classification System: APG IV

Superregnum: Eukaryota
Regnum: Plantae
Cladus: Angiosperms
Cladus: Monocots
Ordo: Liliales

Familia: Liliaceae
Subfamilia: Lilioideae
Genus: Lilium
Sectio: L. sect. Pseudolirium
Species: Lilium grayi
Name

Lilium grayi S.Watson, Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 14: 256 (1879)
Synonyms

Heterotypic
Lilium pseudograyi A.Grove, Gard. Chron., ser. 3, 96: 300 (1934)

Distribution
Native distribution areas:

Continental: Northern America
Regional: Southeastern USA
North Carolina, Tennessee, Virginia

References: Brummitt, R.K. 2001. TDWG – World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions, 2nd Edition
References
Primary references

Watson, S., 1879. Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 14: 256

Additional references

Flora of North America Editorial Committee (ed.) 2002. Flora of North America North of Mexico. Volume 26: Magnoliophyta: Liliidae: Liliales and Orchidales. 723 pp. Oxford University Press, New York / Oxford, ISBN 0-19-515208-5. efloras Reference page.

Links

Govaerts, R. et al. 2018. Lilium grayi in World Checklist of Selected Plant Families. The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Published online. Accessed: 2018 March 15. Reference page.
Emonocot.org 2018. Lilium grayi in The Orders and Families of Monocotyledons. Published online. Accessed: 2018 March 15.
Tropicos.org 2018. Lilium grayi. Missouri Botanical Garden. Published online. Accessed: 15 March 2018.
International Plant Names Index. 2018. Lilium grayi. Published online. Accessed: 15 March 2018.
The Plant List 2013. Lilium grayi in The Plant List Version 1.1. Published online. Accessed: 2018 March 15.

Distribution
Native distribution areas:
Vernacular names

Deutsch: Grays Lilie
English: Gray's lily
فارسی: سوسن گری

Lilium grayi (Gray's lily, orange bell lily, Roan lily)[3][4] is a perennial plant that is endemic to the eastern US states of North Carolina, Virginia, and Tennessee, growing in moist, acid soil in the Appalachian mountains on higher elevation meadows, bogs, and seeps.[5] The plant was introduced to Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew in 1890 and was featured in the Kew Bulletin in 1892.[6]

Taxonomy

The species was named to honor Asa Gray, an eminent American botanist of the mid-19th century who discovered Lilium grayi in 1840 in the Appalachian mountains on Roan Mountain. At the time, Gray wasn't sure that it was a unique species, thinking that it might be a variety of Lilium canadense. He found more plants there in 1879 on a trip with Charles Sprague Sargent. Sereno Watson, curator at the Gray Herbarium of Harvard University, found several differences from Lilium canadense, confirming that it was a distinct species, and named the plant in honor of his colleague.[7][6][8][5]
Description

Lilium grayi reaches 2 to 5 ft (0.61 to 1.52 m) tall. The 2 to 3 in (5.1 to 7.6 cm) leaves are lanceolate to oblong-lanceolate and carried around the stem in whorls. The 2.5 in (6.4 cm) reddish-orange bell-shaped flowers bloom in early summer and are carried on several umbels in a tiered style. Sepals and petals have purple spots.[9][4]

Lilium grayi is closely allied to Lilium canadense, the Canada lily, and was originally thought to be that plant. L. grayi tends to have smaller flowers that are less pendulous, more open at bottom, and more suddenly narrowed at the apex.[10]
Habitat

Lilium grayi is native to mountainous regions in only three U.S. states: North Carolina, Virginia, and Tennessee.[11] It grows in sandstone and acidic soils, meadows, open areas near summits, forest meadows, and bluff outcrops. It grows in full sunlight. Habitat is threatened by overgrazing by cattle, European wild boars, and rabbits. Increase of tree canopy also decreases available open habitat. The plant has also been reduced by illegal collecting and is susceptible to fungal infections.[5]

References

"Lilium grayi". NatureServe. Retrieved 2015-10-13.
Kew World Checklist of Selected Plant Families
Leonard Adkins (10 August 2006). Wildflowers of the Appalachian Trail, 2nd. Menasha Ridge Press. p. 110. ISBN 978-0-89732-974-3. Retrieved 2 September 2012.
"Lilium grayi". Wildflowers. North Carolina State University. Retrieved 2 September 2012.
"Lilium Grayi". National Collection of Imperiled Plants. Missouri Botanical Garden. Archived from the original on 26 October 2011. Retrieved 2 September 2012.
Christian Lamb (1 October 2004). From the Ends of the Earth: Passionate Plant Collectors Remembered in a Cornish Garden. Christian Lamb. p. 165. ISBN 978-1-903071-08-3. Retrieved 2 September 2012.
Alice Lounsberry (1901). Southern Wild Flowers and Trees: Together with Shrubs, Vines and Various Forms of Growth Found Through the Mountains, the Middle District and the Low Country of the South. F.A. Stokes Company. p. 51. Retrieved 2 September 2012.
IPNI Listing for Lilium Grayi
Christopher Brickell, The RHS Encyclopedia of Garden Plants, Dorling Kindersley, London, 1996, p615. ISBN 0-7513-0436-0
Joseph Dalton Hooker (1892). Curtis's botanical magazine. Reeve Brothers. p. 7234. Retrieved 2 September 2012.
Biota of North America Program 2014 county distribution map
illustration from Curtis botanical magazine v.118, plate 7234, 1892 Author Sir Joseph Dalton Hooker (1817 - 1911)