Lilium humboldtii

Classification System: APG IV

Superregnum: Eukaryota
Regnum: Plantae
Cladus: Angiosperms
Cladus: Monocots
Ordo: Liliales

Familia: Liliaceae
Subfamilia: Lilioideae
Genus: Lilium
Sectio: L. sect. Pseudolirium
Species: Lilium humboldtii
Subspecies: L. h. subsp. humboldtii – L. h. subsp. ocellatum
Name

Lilium humboldtii J.H.Krelage, Gard. Chron. 1870: 1402 (1870).
Synonyms

Homotypic
Lilium canadense var. humboldtii (J.H.Krelage) Baker, Gard. Chron. 1871: 1165. 1871.

Distribution
Native distribution areas:

Continental: Northern America
Regional: Southwestern U.S.A.
California.
Regional: Mexico
Mexico Northwest (Baja California).

References: Brummitt, R.K. 2001. TDWG – World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions, 2nd Edition
References
Primary references

Krelage, J.H. 1870. New and interesting Lilium. Gardeners' chronicle and agricultural gazette 1870(43): 1402. BHL Reference page.

Additional references

Skinner, M.W. 2002. Lilium. Pp. 171–197 in Flora of North America Editorial Committee (ed.), Flora of North America North of Mexico. Volume 26: Magnoliophyta: Liliidae: Liliales and Orchidales. 723 pp. Oxford University Press, New York / Oxford, ISBN 0-19-515208-5. efloras Reference page.
Compton, J.A. & Skinner, M.W. 2021. The history and typification of Lilium humboldtii J.H.Krelage (Liliaceae). PhytoKeys 182: 39–55. DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.182.70099 Reference page.
Compton, J.A. 2022. (2855) Proposal to conserve the name Lilium humboldtii against L. puberulum (Liliaceae). Taxon 71(1): 231–232. DOI: 10.1002/tax.12669Open access Reference page.

Links

Govaerts, R. et al. 2022. Lilium humboldtii in World Checklist of Selected Plant Families. The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Published online. Accessed: 2022 July 31. Reference page.
Hassler, M. 2022. Lilium humboldtii. World Plants: Synonymic Checklists of the Vascular Plants of the World In: Roskovh, Y., Abucay, L., Orrell, T., Nicolson, D., Bailly, N., Kirk, P., Bourgoin, T., DeWalt, R.E., Decock, W., De Wever, A., Nieukerken, E. van, Zarucchi, J. & Penev, L., eds. 2022. Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life. Published online. Accessed: 2022 July 31. Reference page.
Tropicos.org 2022. Lilium humboldtii. Missouri Botanical Garden. Published online. Accessed: 31 July 2022.
International Plant Names Index. 2022. Lilium humboldtii. Published online. Accessed: July 31 2022.

Vernacular names
English: Humboldt lily

Lilium humboldtii, or Humboldt's lily, is a species of lily native to the US state of California and the Mexican state of Baja California.[1] It is named after naturalist and explorer Alexander von Humboldt. It is native to the South High Cascade Range, High Sierra Nevada, south Outer South Coast Ranges, and the Santa Monica Mountains and others in Southern California, growing at elevations from 600 metres (2,000 ft) to 1,200 metres (3,900 ft).[2]
Contents

1 Description
2 Cultivation
3 References
4 External links

Description

Lilium humboldtii grows up to 6 feet (1.8 m) tall, with flowers that are maroon-spotted, golden-orange with dark red splotches, with orange to brown stamens. The plant flowers in June, with flowers growing in a pyramidal inflorescence. The flowers are on stout stems, which are sometimes brown-purple. The subrhizomatous bulb is large, with yellowish-white scales, and grows very deep in the soil. The leaves grow in whorls, and are undulate, shiny, and oblanceolate. It is summer-deciduous, dying back after flowering in mid- to late summer.[2]

Subspecies[1]

Lilium humboldtii subsp. humboldtii - central California
Lilium humboldtii subsp. ocellatum - southern California, Baja California

Both subspecies are on the California Native Plant Society Inventory of Rare and Endangered Plants of California and described as "fairly endangered in California".[3]

Albert Kellogg, unaware that the plant had already been named by Roezl and Leichtlin, gave it the name Lilium bloomerianum. For some time afterward, the name was still applied to the southern California Lilium humboldtii subsp. ocellatum.[4]
Cultivation

Lilium humboldtii is sold as a garden bulb. It prefers dry summer dormancy, with no water after blooming, good drainage, and part shade. It was one of the parents, along with Lilium pardalinum, that produced the Bellingham hybrid lilies, which eventually resulted in the popular 'Shuksan' and 'Star of Oregon' lilies.[2]
References

Kew World Checklist of Selected Plant Families
McRae, Edward A. (1998). Lilies: A Guide for Growers and Collectors. ISBN 978-0-88192-410-7.
"Inventory of Rare and Endangered Plants". California Native Plant Society. 2008-10-05. Retrieved 2009-01-07.

"Lilium humboldtii". Flora of North America. eFlora.org. Retrieved 2009-02-08.

Harlow, Nora, Jakob, Kristin, and Raiche, Roger (2003) "Wild Lilies, Irises, and Grasses". University of California Press. ISBN 0-520-23849-4