Lilium mackliniae

Classification System: APG IV

Superregnum: Eukaryota
Regnum: Plantae
Cladus: Angiosperms
Cladus: Monocots
Ordo: Liliales

Familia: Liliaceae
Subfamilia: Lilioideae
Genus: Lilium
Sectio: L. sect. Lophophorum
Species: Lilium mackliniae
Name

Lilium mackliniae Sealy, J. Roy. Hort. Soc. 74: 349. 1949.
Distribution
Native distribution areas:

Continental: Asia-Tropical
Regional: Indian Subcontinent
Assam (Manipur).

References: Brummitt, R.K. 2001. TDWG – World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions, 2nd Edition
References
Primary references

Sealy, J.R., 1949. J. Roy. Hort. Soc. 74: 349.

Additional references

Singh, N.P. & Sanjappa, M. (eds.) (2006). Alliaceae, Liliaceae, Trilliaceae & Uvulariaceae. Fascicles of Flora of India 23: 1-134. Botanical Survey of India, New Delhi.

Links

Govaerts, R. et al. 2022. Lilium mackliniae in World Checklist of Selected Plant Families. The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Published online. Accessed: 2022 July 31. Reference page.
Hassler, M. 2022. Lilium mackliniae. World Plants: Synonymic Checklists of the Vascular Plants of the World In: Roskovh, Y., Abucay, L., Orrell, T., Nicolson, D., Bailly, N., Kirk, P., Bourgoin, T., DeWalt, R.E., Decock, W., De Wever, A., Nieukerken, E. van, Zarucchi, J. & Penev, L., eds. 2022. Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life. Published online. Accessed: 2022 July 31. Reference page.
Tropicos.org 2022. Lilium mackliniae. Missouri Botanical Garden. Published online. Accessed: 31 July 2022.
International Plant Names Index. 2022. Lilium mackliniae. Published online. Accessed: July 31 2022.

Vernacular names

Lilium mackliniae, the Shirui lily or Shirui Kashung Timrawon,[1] is a rare Indian species of plant found only in the upper reaches of the Shirui hill ranges in the Ukhrul district of Manipur, India, at an elevation of 1,730–2,590 metres (5,680–8,500 ft) above sea level. It is located near the boundary of Myanmar to the east, Shirui village in the west, Choithar village in the south and Sihai village in the north.

This shade-loving lily has pale bluish-pink petals but has seven colours when observed through a microscope. In the wild, it flowers in the monsoon months of June and July. They are seasonal flowering plants and at their best in May and June when it blooms.[2] The peak season of its bloom is May 15 to June 5. The height of the plant is 1–3 feet (0.30–0.91 m) and has one to seven flowers per plant.

Description
Flower

They blossom in Spring specifically May 15 - June 5.[3] The plants are .3-.91m (1–3 ft) in height with 1-7 flowers per plant. It has pale blue-pink petals, but when observed through a microscope has seven colors.[3] They are ivory on the inside and occasionally are colored a pale pink as well. The outside can be a reddish-purple as well. It is a trumpet-shaped flower which hangs downward.[4]
Cultivation

The flowers can be cultivated in various ways. They grow well in humus soil that remains moist and is sheltered from direct summer sunlight. They can be grown as bulbs and seeds.[5]

The seeds need to be covered with compost about 5mm deep and need to be in a cool, but well-lit space. Artificial heat can prevent germination and they only germinate in the Spring after they've been chilled or frozen in the winter. They can be grown in small pots and then repotted or planted outside.[4] This is because the area in which they are from, Ukhrul, has wet summers and cold, dry winters.[3]
Use

The lily has medicinal properties which is used in treating skin and stomach problems.[3]
History
Mythical origin

It was believed that the plant can only be grown on the tops of the Shirui Hill as the British attempted to move it, but it wasn't working. Also, the Ukhrul Village believe that a princess lived on the hill with her lover Shirui and after she died, she still waits for him and the flower comes from the soil she is buried from.[6] Another legend is that the daughter of goddess Philava named Lily protects these hills. The third story is that the two lovers jumped from the cliffs to their death and thus came the flower. The flower is called Kashong Timrawon traditionally and is believed to represent kindness, protection, prosperity, and a happy life.[3]
Identification by Westerners

The first Westerners to identify the flower were Jean and Frank Kingdon-Ward, who came to Manipur for botanical research in 1946. They set up base at Ukhrul in a building which they called "Cobweb cottage alias Bug bungalow". The couple "discovered" the Siroi lily in 1946 and Frank later named it in honour of his wife.[7][8] The discovery received the Prestigious Merit Prize in 1948 by Royal Horticultural Society Flower.[3]

The India Post commemorated the Lily with issuing a postage stamp. It is also the State flower of Manipur.[3]
Conservation efforts

Intense tourism, waste and plastic dumping, plucking, and uprooting of the plant has resulted in it becoming endangered. It has also been invaded by the bamboo invasive species.[9] As such there have been multiple efforts made in order to help revitalize the flower. First in 1982, The Siroi National Park was established and covered an area of .41 km2 of where the lily naturally grows.[10]

On 13 October 2013, Shajin Jinks, the head of the Department of Environment and Heritage of Goa, led an expedition to the Shiroi Hills to raise awareness to protect this endangered heritage. The Shirui Lily Festival has been started in May 2017, for the first time in history, to increase awareness of the rare flower and its value to the world. The festival is going to be celebrated every year in Ukhrul town as well as Shirui village in Manipur.

On Feb 19, 2015, the National Institute of Bio-resources and Sustainable Development launched a campaign to redevelop the habitat of the Siroi Lily. They will grow the flowers in the lab and distribute them to nurseries elsewhere to be planted and cultivated.[9]
References

De, L. C.; Singh, D. R. (2016-05-25). "Floriculture Industries, Opportunities and Challenges in Indian Hills". International Journal of Horticulture. 6. ISSN 1927-5803.
http://e-pao.net. /epSubPageExtractor.asp?src=travel.Introduction_to_Manipur.Siroy_Lily_the_State_Flower_of_Manipur
"About Shirui Lily and the Festival". Retrieved 2018-04-01.
"Lilium mackliniae Seeds (Nomocharis mackliniae) - Plant World Seeds". www.plant-world-seeds.com. Retrieved 2018-04-01.
"Lilium mackliniae - Plant Portraits - Alpine Garden Society". www.alpinegardensociety.net. Retrieved 2018-04-01.
"The story of Siroi Lilly, Manipur. The Rarest plant in world". Lonely India. 2017-02-21. Retrieved 2018-04-01.
Allen J. Coombes (1985). The Hamlyn Book of Plant Names. Reed International Books Ltd. p. 118. ISBN 0-600-57545-4.
Cox, Peter (March 2010). "Variation in Lilium mackliniae" (PDF). The Plantsman: 38–39.
"From extinction to life, a Siroy story - Campaign to preserve rare Ukhrul flower". link.galegroup.com. Retrieved 2018-04-01.
"Environment NE National Parks Two Last Imphal". link.galegroup.com. Retrieved 2018-04-01.