Lindera aggregata

Classification System: APG IV

Superregnum: Eukaryota
Regnum: Plantae
Cladus: Angiosperms
Cladus: Magnoliids
Ordo: Laurales

Familia: Lauraceae
Tribus: Laureae
Genus: Lindera
Species: Lindera aggregata
Varieties: L. a. var. aggregata – L. a. var. playfairii
Name

Lindera aggregata (Sims) Kosterm., 1974
Synonyms

Cinnamomum aggregatum (Sims) Pilip.
Laurus aggregata Sims

Distribution
Native distribution areas:

Continental: Asia-Temperate
Regional: China
China (Anhui, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Hunan, Jiangxi, Zhejiang); Taiwan
Continental: Asia-Tropical
Regional: Southeastern Asia
Vietnam

References: Brummitt, R.K. 2001. TDWG – World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions, 2nd Edition
References
Primary references

Kostermans, A. 1974. Materials for a Revision of Lauraceae IV. Reinwardtia 9(1): 97–115. PDF Reference page. : 9(1): 98

Additional references

Wu, Z. & Raven, P.H. (eds.) (2008). Flora of China 7: 1-499. Science Press (Beijing) & Missouri Botanical Garden Press (St. Louis).

Links

Govaerts, R. et al. 2022. Lindera aggregata in Kew Science Plants of the World online. The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Published online. Accessed: 2022 June 15. Reference page.
Hassler, M. 2022. Lindera aggregata. World Plants: Synonymic Checklists of the Vascular Plants of the World In: Roskovh, Y., Abucay, L., Orrell, T., Nicolson, D., Bailly, N., Kirk, P., Bourgoin, T., DeWalt, R.E., Decock, W., De Wever, A., Nieukerken, E. van, Zarucchi, J. & Penev, L., eds. 2022. Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life. Published online. Accessed: 2022 June 15. Reference page.
International Plant Names Index. 2022. Lindera aggregata. Published online. Accessed: June 15 2022.
USDA, ARS, Germplasm Resources Information Network. Lindera aggregata in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), U.S. Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service. Accessed: 07-Oct-06.

Vernacular names

Lindera aggregata is a plant species belonging to the genus Lindera.


Other names

Engl.: evergreen lindera, Japanese evergreen spicebush.
TCM: trad.烏藥, simpl. 乌药 or 乌乐, pinyin : wūyào.
Bot. syn.: Benzoin strychnifolium (Sieb. & Zucc.) Kuntze, Daphnidium strychnifolium Sieb. & Zucc., Laurus aggregata Sims, Lindera eberhardtii Lecomte, Lindera strychnifolia (Sieb. & Zucc.) Fern.
Use

乌药, radix lindera, is present in the Compendium of Materia Medica and Kampo herb list. It is an ingredient in the traditional Chinese medicine pill Chaihu Shugan Wan against "stagnation of liver qi, distension of chest and hypochondria, indigestion, and acid eructation", and in the Lindera Combination Teapills (simpl. 天台乌药丸, trad. 天臺烏藥丸, pinyin : tiāntái wūyào wán), a Chinese classic herbal formula.
Biochemistry

An A type proanthocyanidin trimer (epicatechin-(4β→8,2β→O→7)-entcatechin-(4β-8)-catechin) can be found in Lindera aggregata.[1] In a study this compound showed cytoprotective action against ethanol-induced gastric injury in Sprague-Dawley rats.[2]

Four alkaloids (boldine, norboldine, reticuline and linderegatine) can also be found in L. aggregata.[3]
References

Feng, Z. C.; Shi, S. Q.; Tao, W. Z.; Hattori, M. (2003). "One New A-type Proanthocyanidin Trimer from Lindera aggregata (Sims) Kosterm" (PDF). Chinese Chemical Letters. 14 (10): 1033–1036. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2011-07-07.
Zhu, M.; Luk, C. T.; Lew, T. H. (1998). "Cytoprotective Effect of Lindera aggregata Roots Against Ethanol-Induced Acute Gastric Injury". Pharmaceutical Biology. 36 (3): 222–226. doi:10.1076/phbi.36.3.222.6349.
Han, Z.; Zheng, Y.; Chen, N.; Luan, L.; Zhou, C.; Gan, L.; Wu, Y. (2008). "Simultaneous determination of four alkaloids in Lindera aggregata by ultra-high-pressure liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry". Journal of Chromatography A. 1212 (1–2): 76–81. doi:10.1016/j.chroma.2008.10.017. PMID 18951552.