Malaxis

Classification System: APG IV

Superregnum: Eukaryota
Regnum: Plantae
Cladus: Angiosperms
Cladus: Monocots
Ordo: Asparagales

Familia: Orchidaceae
Subfamilia: Epidendroideae
Tribus: Malaxideae
Genus: Malaxis
Overview of species (167)
a

M. abieticola – M. acianthoides – M. adenotropa – M. adolphii – M. alamaganensis – M. alvaroi – M. andersoniana – M. andicola – M. apiculata – M. aurea – M. auriculata –
b

M. bayardii – M. boliviana – M. boninensis – M. brachyrrhynchos – M. brachystachys – M. brevis – M. buchtienii – M. bulusanensis
c

M. cardiophylla – M. carlos-parrae – M. carnosa – M. casillasii – M. chamaeorchis – M. chevalieri – M. chiarae – M. chica – M. cipoensis – M. cogniauxiana – M. contrerasii – M. cordilabia – M. crispata – M. crispifolia – M. cumbensis
d

M. densiflora – M. discolor – M. dodii – M. dolpensis – M. domingensis
e

M. elliptica – M. elviae – M. espejoi – M. excavata
f

M. fastigiata
g

M. greenwoodiana
h

M. hagsateri – M. hieronymi – M. hispaniolae – M. histionantha – M. hoppii – M. hypoantha
i

M. insperata – M. intermedia – M. irmae – M. iwashinae
j

M. jaraguae – M. javesiae – M. johniana – M. juventudensis
k

M. katangensis
l

M. labrosa – M. lagotis – M. leonardii – M. lepanthiflora – M. lepidota – M. licatae – M. lizbethiae – M. lobulata – M. longipedunculata – M. luceroana – M. lyonnetii
m

M. maclaudii – M. macrostachya – M. macvaughiana – M. maianthemifolia – M. major – M. malipoensis – M. mandonii – M. marthaleidae – M. martinezii – M. massonii – M. maxonii – M. medinae – M. melanotoessa – M. micheliana – M. mixta – M. molotensis – M. moluccana – M. monophyllos – M. monsviridis – M. moritzii – M. mucronulata – M. muscifera – M. myurus
n

M. nana – M. nelsonii – M. nidiae – M. nilgiriensis – M. novogaliciana
o

M. ochreata
p

M. pabstii – M. padilliana – M. panamensis – M. pandurata – M. parthoni – M. perezii – M. physuroides – M. pittieri – M. pringlei – M. prorepens – M. pubescens – M. pusilla
q

M. quadrata
r

M. reichenbachiana – M. rheedeana – M. ribana – M. risaraldana – M. roblesgiliana – M. rodrigueziana – M. rosei – M. rosilloi – M. rositae – M. rostratula – M. ruizii – M. rupestris – M. rzedowskiana
s

M. schliebenii – M. schneideri – M. seramica – M. seychellarum – M. sibundoyensis – M. simillima – M. sneidernii – M. sodiroi – M. spicata – M. steyermarkii – M. streptopetala – M. subtilis – M. sulamadahensis – M. szemaoensis
t

M. talamancana – M. talaudensis – M. tamayoana – M. tamurensis – M. tepicana – M. tequilensis – M. termensis – M. thienii – M. thwaitesii – M. tonduzii – M. triangularis – M. tridentula – M. trigonopetala
u

M. umbelliflora – M. unifolia – M. urbana
v

M. ventilabrum – M. ventricosa – M. versicolor
w

M. warmingii – M. weddellii – M. welwitschii – M. wercklei – M. woodsonii
x

M. xerophila
y

M. yanganensis
z

M. zempoalensis
Name

Malaxis Sol. ex Sw., Prodr. Veg. Ind. Occ.: 119 (1778)

Type species: Malaxis spicata Sw., Prodr. Veg. Ind. Occ.: 118 (1788)

Synonymy

Heterotypic
Achroanthes Raf., Amer. Monthly Mag. & Crit. Rev. 4: 195 (1819), nom. rej.
Acroanthes Raf., J. Phys. Chim. Hist. Nat. Arts 89: 261 (1819), orth. var.
Microstylis (Nutt.) Eaton, Man. Bot., ed. 3: 115 (1822), nom. cons.
Cheiropterocephalus Barb.Rodr., Gen. Spec. Orchid. 1: 28 (1877)
Glossochilopsis Szlach., Fragm. Florist. Geobot., Suppl. 3: 122 (1995)
Kornasia Szlach., Fragm. Florist. Geobot., Suppl. 3: 120 (1995)
Lisowskia Szlach., Fragm. Florist. Geobot., Suppl. 3: 121 (1995)
Crossoliparis Marg., Acta Soc. Bot. Poloniae 78: 298 (2009)

References

Pridgeon, A.M., Cribb, P.J., Chase, M.W. & Rasmussen, F.N. (eds.) 2006. Genera Orchidacearum Volume 4 Epidendroideae (Part one); page 471 ff., Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-850712-7. Reference page.
Solander, D.C. 1788. Nova Genera et Species Plantarum seu Prodromus 8, 119.
'eFloras 2009. Malaxis in Flora of China vol. 25 Orchidaceae --> pdf Malaxis
Govaerts, R. et al. 2017. Malaxis in World Checklist of Selected Plant Families. The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Published online. Accessed: 2017 Sept. 20. Reference page.
Emonocot.org 2013. Malaxis in The Orders and Families of Monocotyledons. Published online. Accessed: 2013 Aug 26.
Tropicos.org 2012. Malaxis. Missouri Botanical Garden. Published online. Accessed: 26 Nov. 2012.
International Plant Names Index. 2012. Malaxis. Published online. Accessed: 26. Nov. 2012.
The Plant List 2013. Malaxis in The Plant List Version 1.1. Published online. Accessed: 2014 Jun. 12.

Distribution
Native distribution areas:

Continental: Africa
Regional: East Tropical Africa
Kenya, Tanzania, Uganda.
Regional: Northeast Tropical Africa
Ethiopia, Sudan.
Regional: South Tropical Africa
Angola, Malawi, Mozambique, Zambia, Zimbabwe.
Regional: West Tropical Africa
Ghana, Guinea, Ivory Coast, Liberia, Nigeria, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Togo.
Regional: West-Central Tropical Africa
Burundi, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Gulf of Guinea Islands, Rwanda, Zaire.
Regional: Western Indian Ocean
Comoros, Madagascar, Seychelles.
Continental: Asia-Temperate
Regional: China
China North-Central, China South-Central, China Southeast, Inner Mongolia, Manchuria, Qinghai, Tibet.
Regional: Eastern Asia
Japan, Kazan-retto, Korea, Ogasawara-shoto, Taiwan.
Regional: Mongolia
Mongolia.
Regional: Russian Far East
Amur, Kamchatka, Khabarovsk, Kuril Islands, Primorye, Sakhalin.
Regional: Siberia
Altay, Buryatiya, Chita, Irkutsk, Krasnoyarsk, Tuva, West Siberia.
Continental: Asia-Tropical
Regional: Indian Subcontinent
Assam, East Himalaya, India, Nepal, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, West Himalaya.
Regional: Indo-China
Thailand.
Regional: Malesia
Borneo, Jawa, Malaya, Maluku, Philippines, Sulawesi, Sumatera.
Regional: Papuasia
New Guinea, Solomon Islands.
Continental: Europe
Regional: Eastern Europe
Baltic States, Belarus, Central European Russia, East European Russia, North European Russia, Northwest European Russia, South European Russia, Ukraine.
Regional: Middle Europe
Austria, Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Poland, Switzerland.
Regional: Northern Europe
Finland, Norway, Sweden.
Regional: Southeastern Europe
Italy, Romania, Yugoslavia.
Regional: Southwestern Europe
France.
Continental: Northern America
Regional: Eastern Canada
Labrador, New Brunswick, Newfoundland, Nova Scotia, Ontario, Prince Edward Isle, Québec.
Regional: Mexico
Mexico Central, Mexico Gulf, Mexico Northeast, Mexico Northwest, Mexico Southeast, Mexico Southwest.
Regional: North-Central U.S.A.
Illinois, Iowa, Kansas, Minnesota, Missouri, Oklahoma, Wisconsin.
Regional: Northeastern U.S.A.
Connecticut, Indiana, Maine, Masachusettes, Michigan, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Rhode Isle, Vermont, West Virginia.
Regional: Northwestern U.S.A.
Colorado.
Regional: South-Central U.S.A.
New Mexico, Texas.
Regional: Southeastern U.S.A.
Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, South Carolina, Tennessee, Virginia.
Regional: Southwestern U.S.A.
Arizona, California.
Regional: Subarctic America
Alaska, Aleutian Islands, Northwest Territories, Yukon.
Regional: Western Canada
Alberta, British Columbia, Manitoba, Saskatchewan.
Continental: Pacific
Regional: Northwestern Pacific
Caroline Islands, Marianas.
Regional: Southwestern Pacific
Vanuatu.
Continental: Southern America
Regional: Brazil
Brazil North, Brazil Northeast, Brazil South, Brazil Southeast.
Regional: Caribbean
Bahamas, Cuba, Dominican Republic, Haiti, Jamaica, Leeward Islands, Puerto Rico, Trinidad-Tobago, Windward Islands.
Regional: Central America
Belize, Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua, Panamá.
Regional: Northern South America
French Guiana, Guyana, Suriname, Venezuela.
Regional: Southern South America
Argentina Northeast, Argentina Northwest, Paraguay.
Regional: Western South America
Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru.

References: Brummitt, R.K. 2001. TDWG – World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions, 2nd Edition
Vernacular names

বাংলা: অ্যাডারস মাউথ
English: Adder's-mouth orchid
hrvatski: Mekača
hornjoserbsce: Jednolist
перем коми: Малаксис
коми: Малаксис
кырык мары: Малаксис
polski: Wyblin
русский: Мякотница
svenska: Knottblomstersläktet
удмурт: Малаксис
中文: 沼兰属

Malaxis, commonly called adder's mouth, is a genus of terrestrial and semiepiphytic orchids. The generic name signifies "smooth" and alludes to the tender texture of the leaves. There are approximately 182 species, found mostly in tropics but with some species in temperate regions.[1][2][3]
Malaxis densiflora from India

Species[4]

Malaxis abieticola
Malaxis acianthoides
Malaxis adenotropa
Malaxis adolphii
Malaxis alamaganensis
Malaxis alvaroi
Malaxis amabilis
Malaxis andersoniana
Malaxis andersonii
Malaxis andicola
Malaxis apiculata
Malaxis arboricola
Malaxis aurea
Malaxis auriculata
Malaxis bayardii
Malaxis boliviana
Malaxis boninensis
Malaxis brachyrrhynchos
Malaxis brachystachys
Malaxis brevis
Malaxis buchtienii
Malaxis bulusanensis
Malaxis calcicola
Malaxis cardiophylla
Malaxis carnosa
Malaxis casillasii
Malaxis chamaeorchis
Malaxis chevalieri
Malaxis chiarae
Malaxis chica
Malaxis cipoensis
Malaxis cogniauxiana
Malaxis contrerasii
Malaxis crassidens
Malaxis crassilabris
Malaxis crispata
Malaxis crispifolia
Malaxis cumbensis
Malaxis densiflora
Malaxis discolor
Malaxis domingensis
Malaxis ehrenbergii
Malaxis elegans
Malaxis elviae
Malaxis espejoi
Malaxis excavata
Malaxis fastigiata
Malaxis greenwoodiana
Malaxis hagsateri
Malaxis hahajimensis
Malaxis hieronymi
Malaxis hintonii
Malaxis hispaniolae
Malaxis histionantha
Malaxis hoi
Malaxis hoppii
Malaxis horielensis
Malaxis incurviforceps
Malaxis insperata
Malaxis intermedia
Malaxis iwashinae
Malaxis jaraguae
Malaxis javesiae
Malaxis johniana
Malaxis katangensis
Malaxis keysseri
Malaxis labrosa
Malaxis laciniosa
Malaxis lagotis
Malaxis leonardii
Malaxis lepanthiflora
Malaxis lepidota
Malaxis licatae
Malaxis lizbethiae
Malaxis lobulata
Malaxis lombasangensis
Malaxis longipedunculata
Malaxis loxia
Malaxis luceroana
Malaxis lyonnetii
Malaxis maclaudii
Malaxis macrostachya
Malaxis maculata
Malaxis macvaughiana
Malaxis madagascariensis
Malaxis maianthemifolia
Malaxis major
Malaxis mambulilingensis
Malaxis marthaleidae
Malaxis martinezii
Malaxis massonii
Malaxis maxonii
Malaxis medinae
Malaxis melanotoessa
Malaxis micheliana
Malaxis micholitziana
Malaxis mixta
Malaxis molotensis
Malaxis moluccana
Malaxis monophyllos
Malaxis monsviridis
Malaxis moritzii
Malaxis mucronulata
Malaxis muscifera
Malaxis myurus
Malaxis nana
Malaxis nelsonii
Malaxis nidiae
Malaxis novogaliciana
Malaxis ochreata
Malaxis pabstii
Malaxis padilliana
Malaxis pandurata
Malaxis parthoni
Malaxis perezii
Malaxis physuroides
Malaxis pittieri
Malaxis pollardii
Malaxis porphyrea
Malaxis pringlei
Malaxis prorepens
Malaxis pubescens
Malaxis purpureoviridis
Malaxis pusilla
Malaxis quadrata
Malaxis ramirezii
Malaxis reichei
Malaxis reichenbachiana
Malaxis ribana
Malaxis robinsonii
Malaxis roblesgiliana
Malaxis rodrigueziana
Malaxis rosei
Malaxis rosilloi
Malaxis rositae
Malaxis rostratula
Malaxis ruizii
Malaxis rupestris
Malaxis rzedowskiana
Malaxis salazarii
Malaxis sampoae
Malaxis schliebenii
Malaxis seramica
Malaxis seychellarum
Malaxis simillima
Malaxis slamatensis
Malaxis sneidernii
Malaxis sodiroi
Malaxis spicata
Malaxis steyermarkii
Malaxis streptopetala
Malaxis sulamadahensis
Malaxis talamancana
Malaxis talaudensis
Malaxis tamayoana
Malaxis tamurensis
Malaxis tepicana
Malaxis tequilensis
Malaxis termensis
Malaxis ternatensis
Malaxis thienii
Malaxis thwaitesii
Malaxis tonduzii
Malaxis toxopei
Malaxis triangularis
Malaxis tridentula
Malaxis trigonopetala
Malaxis triphylla
Malaxis trukensis
Malaxis umbelliflora
Malaxis unifolia
Malaxis urbana
Malaxis ventilabrum
Malaxis ventricosa
Malaxis versicolor
Malaxis warmingii
Malaxis weddellii
Malaxis wendlandii
Malaxis wendtii
Malaxis wercklei
Malaxis woodsonii
Malaxis xerophila
Malaxis yanganensis
Malaxis zempoalensis

References

Flora of China Malaxis Solander ex Swartz, 1788. 原沼兰属 yuan zhao lan shu
Flora of North America, Malaxis 1788. Adder’s-mouth
Ames, O. and C. Schweinfurth. 1935. Nomenclatural studies in Malaxis and Spiranthes. Botanical Museum Leaflets 3: 113–133
The Plant List, search for Malaxis