Monarda bradburiana

Classification System: APG IV

Superregnum: Eukaryota
Regnum: Plantae
Cladus: Angiosperms
Cladus: Eudicots
Cladus: Core eudicots
Cladus: Asterids
Cladus: Lamiids
Ordo: Lamiales

Familia: Lamiaceae
Subfamilia: Nepetoideae
Tribus: Mentheae
Subtribus: Menthinae
Genus: Monarda
Species: Monarda bradburiana
Name

Monarda bradburiana L.C.Beck, 1826
Synonyms

Heterotypic
Monarda rigida Raf., Med. Fl. 2: 37 (1830).
Monarda villosa M.Martens, Bull. Acad. Roy. Sci. Bruxelles 8(1): 66 (1841).
Monarda amplexicaulis Fisch. ex C.Morren, Belgique Hort. 1: 41 (1851).

Distribution
Native distribution areas:

Continental: Northern America
Regional: Southern Central USA
Alabama, Arkansas, Illinois, Indiana, Kansas, Kentucky, Missouri, Nebraska, Oklahoma, Tennessee, Texas

References: Brummitt, R.K. 2001. TDWG – World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions, 2nd Edition
References
Primary references

Beck, L.C., 1826. American Journal of Science, and Arts. New Haven, CT 10:260.

Additional references

Govaerts, R.H.A. 2003. World Checklist of Selected Plant Families Database in ACCESS: 1-216203. The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. [unavailable for the public] Reference page.

Links

Govaerts, R. et al. 2022. Monarda bradburiana in World Checklist of Selected Plant Families. The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Published online. Accessed: 2022 Apr 25. Reference page.
Hassler, M. 2022. Monarda bradburiana. World Plants: Synonymic Checklists of the Vascular Plants of the World In: Roskovh, Y., Abucay, L., Orrell, T., Nicolson, D., Bailly, N., Kirk, P., Bourgoin, T., DeWalt, R.E., Decock, W., De Wever, A., Nieukerken, E. van, Zarucchi, J. & Penev, L., eds. 2022. Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life. Published online. Accessed: 2022 Apr 25. Reference page.
Tropicos.org 2022. Monarda bradburiana. Missouri Botanical Garden. Published online. Accessed: 25 Apr 2022.
International Plant Names Index. 2022. Monarda bradburiana. Published online. Accessed: Apr 25 2022.
USDA, ARS, Germplasm Resources Information Network. Monarda bradburiana in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), U.S. Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service. Accessed: 2022 Apr 25.

Vernacular names
English: eastern beebalm
українська: Монарда хаотична

Monarda bradburiana, the eastern beebalm or Bradbury's beebalm, is a species of perennial flowering plant in the mint family, Lamiaceae, that is native to much of the southeastern United States.[1]

Description

Monarda bradburiana is a herbaceous perennial plant, growing to a height of 1 to 2 ft (30 to 60 cm). The stems are scantily branched, square and usually hairless, although new growth sometimes has a few hairs along the angles. The leaves are opposite, about 3.5 in (9 cm) long and 2 in (5 cm) wide, ovate or broadly lanceolate, with toothed margins. The lower leaves have short petioles and the upper leaves are appressed against the stem. The upper surface of the leafblades are often pubescent, yellowish-green or green, sometimes with purple spotting or tingeing at the margin. The uppermost leaves form bracts subtending the blooms. The flowerheads are about 1.5 in (4 cm) wide, cone-shaped at first and flattening out later, with the central florets opening first. The calyx of each floret is tubular and hairy, with five pointed lobes. The florets are white or pink, curved, about 1 in (2.5 cm) long, with a narrow tube and upper lip and a slightly wider lower lip speckled with purple. The flowers usually bloom in late spring and early summer. The seed is a nutlet that can be dispersed by the wind, and the plant can also spread by vegetative growth from rhizomes.[2]
Distribution and habitat

Monarda bradburiana is native to central and southeastern United States where it is found in the states of Alabama, Arizona, Iowa, Illinois, Indiana, Kansas, Kentucky, Louisiana, Missouri, Oklahoma, Tennessee and Texas. Its typical habitat is thickets, woodland edges, grassland and roadsides.[3]
Ecology

The flowers of Monarda bradburiana produce copious quantities of nectar and are attractive to bumblebees and other long-tongued bees, butterflies, hummingbird moths, beeflies and hummingbirds. Pollen is harvested by halictid bees which cannot reach the nectar, and a specialist pollinator is Doufourea monardae, a small black bee. This is a food plant for the caterpillars of the hermit sphinx, the gray marvel, the orange mint moth and the raspberry pyrausta moth. Herbivorous mammals tend to avoid the foliage, perhaps because it has an odour of oregano.[2]
References

USDA, NRCS (n.d.). "Monarda bradburiana". The PLANTS Database (plants.usda.gov). Greensboro, North Carolina: National Plant Data Team. Retrieved 7 December 2016.
Hilty, John (2016). "Bradbury's bee balm". Illinois Wildflowers. Retrieved 7 December 2016.
"Monarda bradburiana". Native Plant Database. Lady Bird Johnson Wildflower Center, University of Texas at Austin. Retrieved 1 December 2016.