Cuphea

Classification System: APG IV

Superregnum: Eukaryota
Regnum: Plantae
Cladus: Angiosperms
Cladus: Eudicots
Cladus: Core eudicots
Cladus: Asterids
Cladus: Lamiids
Ordo: Lamiales

Familia: Lamiaceae
Subfamilia: Nepetoideae
Tribus: Mentheae
Subtribus: Menthinae
Genus: Origanum
Species: O. acutidens – O. akhdarense – O. amanum – O. ayliniae – O. bargyli – O. bilgeri – O. boissieri – O. brevidens – O. calcaratum – O. compactum – O. cordifolium – O. cyrenaicum – O. dayi – O. dictamnus – O. ehrenbergii – O. elongatum – O. floribundum – O. haussknechtii – O. husnucan-baseri – O. hypericifolium – O. isthmicum – O. jordanicum – O. laevigatum – O. leptocladum – O. libanoticum – O. majorana – O. microphyllum – O. minutiflorum – O. onites – O. pampaninii – O. petraeum – O. punonense – O. ramonense – O. rotundifolium – O. saccatum – O. scabrum – O. sipyleum – O. solymicum – O. symes – O. syriacum – O. vetteri – O. vogelii – O. vulgare
Nothospecies: O. × adae – O. × adanense – O. × adonidis – O. × aytacii – O. × barbarae – O. × bilgilii – O. × dolichosiphon – O. × dumanii – O. × haradjanii – O. × intercedens – O. × intermedium – O. × karpathicum – O. × lirium – O. × majoricum – O. × malatyanum – O. × malyeri – O. × minoanum – O. × munzurense – O. × nebrodense – O. × pabotii – O. × sevcaniae

Name

Origanum L., Sp. Pl. 2: 588 (1753).

Type species: Origanum vulgare L., Sp. Pl. 2: 590 (1753).

Synonyms

Heterotypic
Dictamnus Mill., Gard. Dict. Abr. ed. 4 (1754), nom. illeg.
Majorana Mill., Gard. Dict. Abr. ed. 4 (1754).
Marum Mill., Gard. Dict. Abr. ed. 4 (1754).
Amaracus Hill, Brit. Herb.: 381 (1756).
Dictamnus Zinn, Cat. Pl. Gott.: 316 (1757), nom. illeg.
Hofmannia Heist. ex Fabr., Enum.: 61 (1759).
Beltokon Raf., Fl. Tellur. 3: 86 (1837).
Onites Raf., Fl. Tellur. 3: 86 (1837).
Oroga Raf., Fl. Tellur. 3: 86 (1837).
Zatarendia Raf., Fl. Tellur. 3: 86 (1837).
Schizocalyx Scheele, Flora 26: 575 (1843), nom. rej.
× Origanomajorana Domin, Preslia 13-15: 197 (1935).
× Majoranamaracus Rech.f., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 45: 95 (1938).

References
Primary references

Linnaeus, C. 1753. Species Plantarum. Tomus II: 588. Reference page.

Additional references

Ietswaart, J.H. 1980: A taxonomic revision of the genus Origanum (Labiatae). Leiden Botanical Series 4: 1–156. PDF Reference page.
Carlström, A. 1984. New species of Alyssum, Consolida, Origanum and Umbilicus from the SE Aegean Sea. Willdenowia 14(1): 15–26. JSTOR Reference page.
Danin, A. 1990. Two new species of Origanum (Labiatae) from Jordan. Willdenowia 19(2): 401–404. JSTOR Reference page.
Danin, A. & Künne, I. 1990. Origanum jordanicum (Labiatae), a new species from Jordan, and notes on the other species of O. sect. Campanulaticalyx. Willdenowia 25(2): 601–611. JSTOR Reference page.
Dirmenci, T., Özcan, T., Yazıcı, T., Arabacı, T. & Martin, E. 2018. Morphological, cytological, palynological and molecular evidence on two new hybrids from Turkey: an example of homoploid hybridization in Origanum (Lamiaceae). Phytotaxa 371(3): 145–167. DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.371.3.1 Paywall Reference page.
Dirmenci, T., Özcan, T., Açar, M., Arabacı, T., Yazıcı, T. & Martin, E. 2019. A rearranged homoploid hybrid species of Origanum (Lamiaceae): O. × munzurense Kit Tan & Sorger. Botany Letters 166(2): 153–162. DOI: 10.1080/23818107.2019.1585283 Reference page.

Links

Govaerts, R. et al. 2022. Origanum in Kew Science Plants of the World online. The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Published online. Accessed: 2022 October 2. Reference page.
International Plant Names Index. 2022. Origanum. Published online. Accessed: October 2 2022.
Hassler, M. 2022. World Plants. Synonymic Checklist and Distribution of the World Flora. . Origanum. Accessed: 2 October 2022.
Hassler, M. 2022. Origanum. World Plants: Synonymic Checklists of the Vascular Plants of the World In: Roskovh, Y., Abucay, L., Orrell, T., Nicolson, D., Bailly, N., Kirk, P., Bourgoin, T., DeWalt, R.E., Decock, W., De Wever, A., Nieukerken, E. van, Zarucchi, J. & Penev, L., eds. 2022. Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life. Published online. Accessed: 2022 October 2. Reference page.

Vernacular names
Afrikaans: Origanum
العربية: مردقوش
azərbaycanca: Qaraqınıq
беларуская: Мацярдушка
čeština: dobromysl
чӑвашла: Матрушке
dansk: Merian
Deutsch: Dost
English: Majoram
Esperanto: Origano
español: Orégano
eesti: Pune
فارسی: اوریگانوم
suomi: Meiramit
עברית: אזובית
հայերեն: Խնկածաղիկ
Ido: Origano
日本語: ハナハッカ属
ქართული: თავშავა
қазақша: Жұпаргүл
한국어: 오레가노속
Ligure: Cornabuggia
lietuvių: Raudonėlis
македонски: Оригано
Napulitano: Arecheta
norsk nynorsk: Bergmynteslekta
norsk: Oregano
polski: Lebiodka
русский: Душица
sicilianu: Arisciunu
slovenčina: pamajorán
svenska: Mejramsläktet
українська: Материнка, Орігано
oʻzbekcha/ўзбекча: Togʻrayhon
中文: 牛至属

Origanum (/oʊˈrɪɡənəm/ oh-RIG-ə-nəm[3]) is a genus of herbaceous perennials and subshrubs in the family Lamiaceae, native to Europe, North Africa, and much of temperate Asia, where they are found in open or mountainous habitats. A few species also naturalized in scattered locations in North America and other regions.[2][4][5][6]

The plants have strongly aromatic leaves and abundant tubular flowers with long-lasting coloured bracts. The genus includes the important group of culinary herbs: marjoram (Origanum majorana) and oregano (Origanum vulgare).[7][8]

With their decorative bracts, Origanum species and cultivars are used as ornamental plants in the garden. The cultivars 'Kent Beauty'[9] and 'Rosenkuppel'[10] have received the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit.

Origanum species are used as food plants by the larvae of some Lepidoptera species, including Coleophora albitarsella.

Species[2]

Origanum acutidens (Hand.-Mazz.) Ietsw. - Turkey, Iraq
Origanum × adanense Baser & H.Duman - Turkey (O. bargyli × O. laevigatum)
Origanum × adonidis Mouterde - Lebanon (O. libanoticum × O. syriacum subsp. bevanii)
Origanum akhdarense Ietsw. & Boulos - Cyrenaica region of eastern Libya
Origanum amanum Post - Hatay region of Turkey
Origanum × barbarae Bornm. - Lebanon (O. ehrenbergii × O. syriacum subsp. bevanii)
Origanum bargyli Mouterde - Turkey, Syria
Origanum bilgeri P.H.Davis - Antalya region of Turkey
Origanum boissieri Ietsw. - Turkey
Origanum calcaratum Juss. - Greece
Origanum compactum Benth. - Spain, Morocco
Origanum cordifolium (Montbret & Aucher ex Benth.) Vogel - Cyprus
Origanum cyrenaicum Bég. & Vacc. - Cyrenaica region of eastern Libya
Origanum dayi Post - Israel
Origanum dictamnus L. – hop marjoram, Cretan dittany, dittany of Crete - endemic to Crete
Origanum × dolichosiphon P.H.Davis - Seyhan region of Turkey (O. amanum × O. laevigatum)
Origanum ehrenbergii Boiss. - Lebanon
Origanum elongatum (Bonnet) Emb. & Maire - Morocco
Origanum floribundum Munby - Algeria
Origanum × haradjanii Rech.f - Turkey (O. laevigatum × O. syriacum subsp. bevanii)
Origanum haussknechtii Boiss. - Turkey
Origanum husnucan-baseri H.Duman, Aytac & A.Duran - Turkey
Origanum hypericifolium O.Schwarz & P.H.Davis - Turkey
Origanum × intercedens Rech.f. - Greece, Turkey (O. onites × O. vulgare subsp. hirtum)
Origanum × intermedium P.H.Davis - Denizli region of Turkey (O. onites × O. sipyleum)
Origanum isthmicum Danin - Sinai
Origanum jordanicum Danin & Kunne - Jordan
Origanum laevigatum Boiss. - Turkey, Syria, Cyprus
Origanum leptocladum Boiss. - Turkey
Origanum libanoticum Boiss. - Lebanon
Origanum majorana L. – (sweet) marjoram - Turkey, Cyprus; naturalized in scattered locations in Europe, North Africa, North + South America
Origanum × lirium Heldr. ex Halácsy - Greece (O. scabrum × O. vulgare subsp. hirtum)
Origanum × majoricum Cambess. – hardy sweet marjoram - Spain including Balearic Islands (O. majorana × O. vulgare subsp. virens)
Origanum microphyllum (Benth.) Vogel - Crete
Origanum × minoanum P.H.Davis - Crete (O. microphyllum × O. vulgare subsp. hirtum)
Origanum minutiflorum O.Schwarz & P.H.Davis - Turkey
Origanum munzurense Kit Tan & Sorger - Turkey
Origanum × nebrodense Tineo ex Lojac - Sicily (O. majorana × O. vulgare subsp. viridulum)
Origanum onites L. - Greece, Turkey, Sicily
Origanum × pabotii Mouterde - Syria (O. bargyli × O. syriacum subsp. bevanii)
Origanum pampaninii (Brullo & Furnari) Ietsw - Cyrenaica region of eastern Libya
Origanum petraeum Danin - Jordan
Origanum punonense Danin - Jordan
Origanum ramonense Danin - Levant
Origanum rotundifolium Boiss. - Turkey, Caucasus
Origanum saccatum P.H.Davis - Turkey
Origanum scabrum Boiss. & Heldr. in P.E.Boissier - Greece
Origanum sipyleum L. -Turkey, Greek Islands
Origanum solymicum P.H.Davis - Antalya region of Turkey
Origanum symes Carlström - Islands of the Aegean Sea
Origanum syriacum L. - Turkey, Cyprus, Syria, Lebanon, Jordan, Palestine, Israel, Sinai, Saudi Arabia
Origanum vetteri Briq. & Barbey - Crete
Origanum vogelii Greuter & Burdet - Turkey
Origanum vulgare L. - oregano - Europe, North Africa, temperate Asia (Iran, Siberia, Central Asia, China, etc.); naturalized in parts of North America, New Zealand, Venezuela

Formerly placed here

Pogostemon benghalensis (Burm.f.) Kuntze (as O. benghalense Burm.f.)

References

"Genus: Origanum L." Germplasm Resources Information Network. United States Department of Agriculture. 2004-09-10. Archived from the original on 2012-03-08. Retrieved 2012-01-05.
"World Checklist of Selected Plant Families: Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew". wcsp.science.kew.org.
Oxford English Dictionary, first edition, entry "origanum"
Altervista Flora Italiana, genere Origanum includes photos plus distribution maps for Europe + North America
"Origanum vulgare in Flora of China @ efloras.org". www.efloras.org.
"2013 BONAP North American Plant Atlas. TaxonMaps". bonap.net.
RHS A-Z encyclopedia of garden plants. United Kingdom: Dorling Kindersley. 2008. p. 1136. ISBN 978-1405332965.
Bouchra, Chebli; Achouri, Mohamed; Idrissi Hassani, L.M; Hmamouchi, Mohamed; et al. (2003). "Chemical composition and antifungal activity of essential oils of seven Moroccan Labiatae against Botrytis cinerea Pers: Fr". Journal of Ethnopharmacology. 89 (1): 165–169. doi:10.1016/S0378-8741(03)00275-7. PMID 14522450.
"Origanum 'Kent Beauty'". RHS. Retrieved 18 January 2021.
"Origanum 'Rosenkuppel'". RHS. Retrieved 18 January 2021.