Orostachys

Classification System: APG IV

Superregnum: Eukaryota
Regnum: Plantae
Cladus: Angiosperms
Cladus: Eudicots
Cladus: Core eudicots
Ordo: Saxifragales

Familia: Crassulaceae
Subfamilia: Sempervivoideae
Tribus: Umbiliceae
Genus: Orostachys
Species: O. boehmeri – O. cartilaginea – O. chanetii – O. fimbriata – O. gorovoii – O. iwarenge – O. japonica – O. malacophylla – O. maximowiczii – O. paradoxa – O. spinosa – O. stenostachyus – O. thyrsiflora

Source(s) of checklist:

Hassler, M. 2019. Orostachys. World Plants: Synonymic Checklists of the Vascular Plants of the World In: Roskovh, Y., Abucay, L., Orrell, T., Nicolson, D., Bailly, N., Kirk, P., Bourgoin, T., DeWalt, R.E., Decock, W., De Wever, A., Nieukerken, E. van, Zarucchi, J. & Penev, L., eds. 2019. Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life. Published on the internet. Accessed: 2019 Dec 19. Reference page.

Name

Orostachys Fisch., Mém. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 2: 270. (1809) nom. et typ. cons.

Type species: Orostachys malacophylla (Pall.) Fisch. LT designated by Borissova, Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 6: 119 (1970).

Synonyms

Heterotypic
Kungia K.T.Fu

References
Primary references

Fischer, F.E.L.v., 1809. Mémoires de la Société Impériale des Naturalistes de Moscou 2: 270.

Additional references

Shaw, J.M. 2017. (2512) Proposal to conserve the name Orostachys with a conserved type (Crassulaceae). Taxon 66(2): 521-522. DOI: 10.12705/662.24 Reference page.

Links

Hassler, M. 2019. Orostachys. World Plants: Synonymic Checklists of the Vascular Plants of the World In: Roskovh, Y., Abucay, L., Orrell, T., Nicolson, D., Bailly, N., Kirk, P., Bourgoin, T., DeWalt, R.E., Decock, W., De Wever, A., Nieukerken, E. van, Zarucchi, J. & Penev, L., eds. 2019. Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life. Published on the internet. Accessed: 2019 Dec 19. Reference page.
International Plant Names Index. 2019. Orostachys. Published online. Accessed: Dec 19 2019.
Govaerts, R. et al. 2019. Orostachys in Kew Science Plants of the World online. The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Published on the internet. Accessed: 2019 Dec 19. Reference page.
Tropicos.org 2019. Orostachys. Missouri Botanical Garden. Published on the internet. Accessed: 2019 Dec 19.

Vernacular names
magyar: Mongolkőrózsa
한국어: 바위솔속
中文: 瓦松属

Orostachys is a genus of the succulent family Crassulaceae (stonecrop family) that contains about 15 species. It is a biennial herb growing in China, Japan, Kazakhstan, Korea, Mongolia, Russia. Eight species occur in China.[1]

Description

Orostachys are the most morphologically distinct member of subfamily Sempervivoideae. Orostachys species are mostly biennial herbaceous plants that are more or less succulent. Leaves are linear to ovate, often with dull purple dots. The arrangement is alternate, forming crowded cauline rosettes. Especially the thick-fleshed foliage stores water. The leaf ends have a cartilaginous to spiny, white tip. Leaf margins are usually smooth. Stipules are absent. The roots are fibrous and there is no rhizome.

In the first year, the leaves stand together in solitary, basal, dense rosettes. In the second year, a solitary, leafy stem, 5 to 60 cm in length, arises from the center of the rosette and forms flowers. The terminal inflorescences, usually branched and composed of individual spicate inflorescences, are relatively large and narrowly pyramidal to cylindrical, containing many flowers and foliage-like bracts. The flowers, which are at most very short-stemmed, are hermaphroditic and pentamerous. The free sepals are usually shorter than the petals. The five predominantly yellow, rarely white, yellow-green, or pinkish to reddish petals are almost free. There are two circles with five stamens. The yellowish nectary scales are relatively small. The erect carpels are free and contain many ovules. The styles are narrow.

The many-seeded follicles possess a beak-like end. The seeds are small.
Taxonomy

Within family Crassulaceae, Orostachys is placed in tribe Telephieae of subfamily Sempervivoideae. The genus has. at times, included Meterostachys. Molecular phylogenetics shows that the genus is not monophyletic, but polyphyletic relative to paraphyletic Hylotelephium. Its circumscription, therefore, is unstable and subject to revision.[2]
Subdivision

The genus Orostachys has been divided into series (or sections), including:[2][3][4]

Orostachys series Appendiculatae
Orostachys series Eappendiculatae

Other authors have created two different sections:[5]

Orostachys section Orostachys
Orostachys section Schoenlandia

Some species were transferred from Sinocrassula into Orostachys, as section Schoenlandia, also treated as a subgenus or section,[3][2] or a separate genus Kungia, e.g. O. schoenlandii (Kungia schoenlandii).[6] Orostachys section Orostachys, in turn has been treated as two subsections, differing by either flat or fleshy leaf shape, and the presence or absence of appendages on the leaves, which include spines or cartilaginous protrusions:[5]

Orostachys subsection Orostachys
Orostachys subsection Appendiculatae

On the basis of molecular data, it has been proposed that Orostachys subsection Appendiculatae be considered a separate genus.[5]
Species

The genus includes about 12–17 accepted species, including:[6][3]

Orostachys aggregata (Makino) H. Hara
Orostachys boehmeri V.N. Boriss. – also called O. furusei, endemic plant from Japan
Orostachys cartilaginea (H. Lév.) A. Berger
Orostachys chanetii A. Berger
Orostachys fimbriata (Turcz.) A.Berger
Orostachys genkaiensis Ohwi
Orostachys iwarenge Hara – Chinese Dunce Cap
Orostachys malacophylla (Pall.) Fisch. – type species
Orostachys minuta (Kom.) A. Berger
Orostachys paradoxa (Khokhr. & Vorosch.) Czerep.
Orostachys sikokiana (Makino) Ohwi
Orostachys spinosa (L.) Sweet
Orostachys thyrsiflora Fisch.

References

Fu et al 2004.
Mayuzumi & Ohba 2004.
Tropicos 2015.
Thiede & Eggli 2007.
Gontcharova et al 2006.

TPL 2013.

Bibliography

Thiede, J; Eggli, U (2007). "Crassulaceae". In Kubitzki, Klaus (ed.). Berberidopsidales, Buxales, Crossosomatales, Fabales p.p., Geraniales, Gunnerales, Myrtales p.p., Proteales, Saxifragales, Vitales, Zygophyllales, Clusiaceae Alliance, Passifloraceae Alliance, Dilleniaceae, Huaceae, Picramniaceae, Sabiaceae. pp. 83–119. ISBN 978-3540322146. (full text at ResearchGate)
Gontcharova, S. B.; Artyukova, E. V.; Gontcharov, A. A. (June 2006). "Phylogenetic relationships among members of the subfamily Sedoideae (Crassulaceae) inferred from the ITS region sequences of nuclear rDNA" (PDF). Russian Journal of Genetics. 42 (6): 654–661. doi:10.1134/S102279540606010X. S2CID 33249840.
Mayuzumi, Shinzo; Ohba, Hideaki (2004). "The Phylogenetic Position of Eastern Asian Sedoideae (Crassulaceae) Inferred from Chloroplast and Nuclear DNA Sequences". Systematic Botany. 29 (3): 587–598. doi:10.1600/0363644041744329. ISSN 0363-6445. JSTOR 25063994. S2CID 84319808.
TPL (2013). "The Plant List Version 1.1: Orostachys". Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew and Missouri Botanical Garden. Retrieved 13 October 2019.
"Orostachys". Tropicos. Missouri Botanical Garden. 2015. Retrieved 8 April 2015.
Fu, Kunjun; Ohba, Hideaki; Gilbert, Michael G. (2004). "Orostachys Fisch". p. 206. Retrieved 13 October 2019., in Flora of China online vol. 8