Osmorhiza berteroi

Classification System: APG IV

Superregnum: Eukaryota
Regnum: Plantae
Cladus: Angiosperms
Cladus: Eudicots
Cladus: Core eudicots
Cladus: Asterids
Cladus: Campanulids
Ordo: Apiales

Familia: Apiaceae
Subfamilia: Apioideae
Tribus: Scandiceae
Subtribus: Scandicinae
Genus: Osmorhiza
Species: Osmorhiza berteroi
Name

Osmorhiza berteroi DC., Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 4: 232. (1830)
Synonyms

Heterotypic
Osmorhiza berteroi var. gracilior Phil., Anales Univ. Chile 85: 726. (1894)
Osmorhiza brevipes Suksd., Allg. Bot. Z. Syst. 12: 5. (1906)
Osmorhiza chilensis Hook. & Arn., Bot. Misc. 3: 355. (1833)
Osmorhiza divaricata Piper in Piper & Beattie, Fl. Palouse Reg. 130 (1901)
Osmorhiza nuda Torr., Pacif. Railr. Rep. 4(5): 93. (1857)
Osmorrhiza divaricata Suksd., Allg. Bot. Z. Syst. xii. 5 (1906)
Myrrhis berteroi D.Dietr., Syn. Pl. [D. Dietrich] ii. 984.
Myrrhis nuda (Torr.) Greene, Man. Bot. San Francisco Bay 157. (1894)
Scandix clavata DC., Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 4: 283, in syn., sphalm. (1830) [late Sep 1830]
Scandix divaricata (Britton) Koso-Pol., Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou new ser. 29: 143. (1916)
Scandix nuda (Torr.) Koso-Pol., Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou new ser. 29: 143. (1916)
Schudia chilensis Molina ex Gay, Fl. Chil. [Gay] 3: 143. (1848)
Uraspermum berteroi Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 270. (1891)
Uraspermum divaricatum Farw., Amer. Midl. Naturalist 12: 70. (1930) as divaricata
Uraspermum nudum Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 270. (1891)
Washingtonia divaricata Britton, Ill. Fl. N. U.S. (Britton & Brown) ii. 531. (1897)
Washingtonia nuda A.Heller, Cat. N. Amer. Pl. 5. (1898)

Distribution
Native distribution areas:

Continental: Northern America
Alaska, USA (Arizona, California, Colorado, Idaho, Maine, Michigan, Minnesota, Montana, New Hampshire, New Mexico, Nevada, Oregon, South Dakota, Utah, Vermont, Washington State, Wisconsin, Wyoming), Canada (Alberta, British Columbia, New Brunswick, Newfoundland, Nova Scotia, Ontario, Prince Edward Isl., Quebec, Saskatchewan)
Continental: Southern America
Argentina (Chubut, Mendoza, Neuquen, Rio Negro, Santa Cruz, Tierra del Fuego), Chile (Coquimbo, Valparaiso, O'Higgins, Maule, Bio Bio, Araucania, Los Lagos, Aisen, Magallanes, Reg. Metropolitana)

References: Brummitt, R.K. 2001. TDWG – World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions, 2nd Edition
References

De Candolle, A.P. 1830. Prodromus systematis naturalis regni vegetabilis, sive enumeratio contracta ordinum, generum, specierumque plantarum huc usque cognitarum, juxta methodi naturalis normas digesta. Pars 4: Sistens Calyciflorarum ordines X. 683 pp. Treuttel et Würtz, Parisiis [Paris]. BHL Reference page.

Links

Hassler, M. 2018. Osmorhiza berteroi. World Plants: Synonymic Checklists of the Vascular Plants of the World In: Roskovh, Y., Abucay, L., Orrell, T., Nicolson, D., Bailly, N., Kirk, P., Bourgoin, T., DeWalt, R.E., Decock, W., De Wever, A., Nieukerken, E. van, Zarucchi, J. & Penev, L., eds. 2018. Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life. Published online. Accessed: 2018 Sep 01. Reference page.
International Plant Names Index. 2015. Osmorhiza berteroi. Published online. Accessed: July 17 2015.
Tropicos.org 2015. Osmorhiza berteroi. Missouri Botanical Garden. Published online. Accessed: 17 July 2015.
USDA, ARS, Germplasm Resources Information Network. Osmorhiza berteroi in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), U.S. Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service. Accessed: 07-Oct-06.

Vernacular names
English: Sweetcicely

Osmorhiza berteroi is a species of flowering plant in the family Apiaceae known by the common name mountain sweet cicely.

Systematics

Osmorhiza berteroi forms a species complex together with O. depauperata and O. purpurea. Until recently these were all treated as O. chilensis, but a revision resulted in the 3 species being split, and also revealed that O.chilensis, published in December 1830 by Hooker and Arnott was a junior synonym of O.berteroi, published in September of the same year by De Candolle.[1]

Studies of both chloroplast and nuclear DNA confirm that the various populations of O.berteroi are monophyletic .[2]
Distribution

It has an amphitropical distribution being native to both temperate parts of North and South America. In the Northern Hemisphere it is found boreal zones from Alaska to Newfoundland, extending south to South Dakota, and in mountain ranges adjacent to the Pacific coast from the Alaska panhandle to California and Arizona.[3] In South America it occurs in Magellanic forests in Argentina and Chile.[4][5][6]

The amphitropical distribution is believed to have arisen recently (in the past 1 million years), probably by seeds attached to the feathers of migratory birds.[7] In contrast the east-west disjunct distribution are most likely relict populations of a once continuous range.
Habitat

It grows in wooded and forested areas.[3][8] In the Great Lakes area O. berteroi is found in hardwood forests dominated by Sugar Maple[9]
Biology

Osmorhiza berteroi is a short-lived perennial. It usually flowers in late Spring (June in Minnesota,[9] October to December in Chile[5]). It is insect-pollinated, with seed being distributed by animals, typically by attaching to the fur of mammals (epizoochory).[9]
Associated organisms

The larvae of a prodoxid moth restricted to California, Greya reticulata, feed on fruits of O. berteroi.
Description

It is an aromatic perennial herb producing a branching stem which may exceed a meter tall. The plentiful green leaves have blades up to 20 centimeters long which are divided into three leaflets (trifoliate), which are toothed or lobed. The blade is borne on a long petiole. The inflorescence is a compound umbel of many tiny white flowers at the tip of a stemlike peduncle. There are 4–10 florets on each umbellule with the central florets only possessing anthers.[5] The narrow, elongated fruit is ribbed and bristly, measuring up to 2.5 centimeters long.[10][11]
Similar species

Osmorhiza berteroi occurs alongside several other species of Osmorhiza throughout its range, but is most likely to be confused with O. depaurerata. The two species are very similar and most easily separated by examining the seeds[5][9]
Relationship with humans
Use for food and medicine

Osmorhiza berteroi was used as a source of food by several groups of Native Americans in all parts of its native range. These included the Selknam people in what is now Chile , and tribes of the Great Plains, such as the Cheyenne and Blackfoot.[12][13] The root was eaten, and also used as a medicinal treatment for coughs and colds.[13][14]
Conservation

It is not threatened in most parts of its range. However some disjunct populations in eastern North America are isolated, and the typical habitat is fragmented and prone to destruction.[9]
Garden plant

It can be used as ground cover in shady places. Hardy in USDA zones 5–9.[15]
References

"Yellow Enlarged Photo Pages : Osmorhiza". South-west Colorado Wildflowers. Retrieved 2015-04-19.
Yoo, Ki-Oug; Lowry, Porter P.; Wen, Jun (2002). "Discordance of chloroplast and nuclear ribosomal DNA data in Osmorhiza (Apiaceae)". Am. J. Bot. 89 (6): 966–971. doi:10.3732/ajb.89.6.966. PMID 21665695.
Klinkenberg, Brian, ed. (2014). "Osmorhiza berteroi". E-Flora BC: Electronic Atlas of the Plants of British Columbia [eflora.bc.ca]. Lab for Advanced Spatial Analysis, Department of Geography, University of British Columbia, Vancouver. Retrieved 2015-01-24.
Moore, D.M. (1983). Flora of Tierra del Fuego.
Reiche, Karl (1916). Flora de Chile. Vol. 3. Santiago de Chile.
" "Osmorhiza beteroi Distribution". Flora Chileana. Retrieved 2015-04-19.
Wen, Jun; Ickert-Bond, Stefanie M (2009). "{Evolution of the Madrean—Tethyan disjunctions and the North and South American amphitropical disjunctions in plants}". Journal of Systematics and Evolution. 47 (5): 331–348. doi:10.1111/j.1759-6831.2009.00054.x. S2CID 86017635.
Sullivan, Steven. K. (2015). "Osmorhiza berteroi". Wildflower Search. Retrieved 2015-01-24.
"Osmorhiza berteroi Hook. & Arn. – Chilean Sweet Cicely". Minnesota Endangered and Rare Plants. Retrieved 2015-04-19.
Giblin, David, ed. (2015). "Osmorhiza berteroi". WTU Herbarium Image Collection. Burke Museum, University of Washington. Retrieved 2015-01-24.
"Osmorhiza berteroi". PLANTS Database. United States Department of Agriculture; Natural Resources Conservation Service. 2015. Retrieved 2015-01-24.
Darla Dexter; Kathleen Martin & Lauri Travis (2014). "Prehistoric Plant Use at Beaver Creek Rock Shelter, Southwestern Montana, U.S.A." Ethnobotany Research and Applications. 12: 355–384. doi:10.17348/era.12.0.355-384. Retrieved 2015-04-19.
Adolf Hungrywolf (2006). The Blackfoot Papers. Good Medicine Foundation. pp. 133–. ISBN 978-0-920698-80-8.
Tim Johnson (11 December 1998). CRC Ethnobotany Desk Reference. CRC Press. pp. 574–. ISBN 978-0-8493-1187-1.
"Osmorhiza chilensis". Plants for a Future". Retrieved 2015-04-19.